英語六級聽力對話兩種題型的應(yīng)試技巧
在英語六級聽力考試中，考生常常遇到以下兩類題型，對這兩類題型如果掌握它的解題要點(diǎn)，在考試的時(shí)候就會顯得很輕松應(yīng)手。
一、時(shí)間與數(shù)字題型
時(shí)間、數(shù)字和計(jì)算是聽力測試中最常見的題型，幾乎每年都有，而且題型也比較多。歷年試題中雖然涉及的數(shù)字或數(shù)目并不多，但考生的答對率卻不高。究其原因，一是對數(shù)字的表達(dá)方法不夠熟悉，二是對技巧的運(yùn)用不夠熟練。
卷面線索
時(shí)間題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)一般都是表達(dá)時(shí)刻的數(shù)字，或是星期、年、月等詞，偶爾會有介詞后跟數(shù)字。數(shù)字題的選項(xiàng)則有可能為純粹的數(shù)字或帶有貨幣符號的數(shù)字。
解題要點(diǎn)
一般來說，正確答案不會是直接聽到的數(shù)字，而往往是在意思上與這相同或相近，或換了一種表達(dá)方式，或要求對聽到的數(shù)字進(jìn)行簡單的四則運(yùn)算。做這類題時(shí)，聽清這些數(shù)字和它們之間的關(guān)系是解題的關(guān)鍵。這些數(shù)字之間的關(guān)系往往用more/less, late/early, fast/slow, before/after之類的形容詞、副詞或介詞短語來表示，多為時(shí)間題。
【例1】
M： Could you tell me the timetable of the school bus?
W： Well, the bus leaves here for the campus every two hours from 6：30 am But on weekends it starts half an hour later.
Q： When did the second bus leave on Saturday?
A) 7：30 B) 8：00 C) 8：30 D) 9：00
答案D)。這是一道較為復(fù)雜的轉(zhuǎn)換題。考生應(yīng)聽懂對話中的every two hours from 6：30和half an hour later兩處，同時(shí)還要細(xì)心，捕捉到問題中的the second bus和Saturday。
【例2】
W：Have you heard about the air crash that occurred last Wednesday?
M：Yes The newspaper said six crew members and sixty four passengers were killed, and fifteen others were injured.
Q： How many people suffered in the air crash?
A) 85. B)70 C)64. D)31.
這是一道簡單的數(shù)字運(yùn)算題，解題的關(guān)鍵是要聽懂問句中的suffer一詞，受害者應(yīng)包括死者和傷者，故答案應(yīng)為6+64+15=85，A)。
【例3】
W：Sorry，Mr. Smith is not in May I have him return your call?
M：Yes, thank you Im at 6330872Sorry Its 6338720.
Q： Whats the mans telephone number?
A) 6330872. B)6380372. C) 6338720. D)6338726.
這道題要注意的是電話號碼在口語中的讀法。6338720的最常見的讀法是：six double three eight seven two zero 。另外還要注意不要受干擾信息的影響，如本題中的6330872以及其后的話語停頓。
【例4】
W： Id like to make two reservations one Flight 651 for June 8th.
M： Im sorry Weve booked up on the 8th But we still have a few seats available on the 9th
Q： When does the man want to leave?
A) On the 6th of June B) On the 8th of June.
C) On the 9th of June D) On the 19th of June.
答案為。與上一題類似，本題是考察考生抗干擾的能力。對話中干擾因素有Flight 651和the 9th兩個(gè)數(shù)詞。考生還要理解兩個(gè)詞：reservation意為預(yù)定，而book up則指訂完。此外，還要熟悉日期的不同表達(dá)方法。
二、地點(diǎn)與方向題型
在地點(diǎn)型試題中，有的地點(diǎn)在對話中直接提到，有的則需要根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容來判斷，還有的則是兩者兼而有之。
卷面線索
選項(xiàng)通常由地點(diǎn)名詞構(gòu)成，提問可分為兩種情況。第一種問對話發(fā)生在何處，選項(xiàng)的形式通常為表示方位的介詞加上一個(gè)地點(diǎn)名詞構(gòu)成;第二種問的是方向，選項(xiàng)的形式通常為表示方向的介詞加上一個(gè)地點(diǎn)名詞或者只有地點(diǎn)名詞構(gòu)成。
解題要點(diǎn)：
首先要根據(jù)卷面線索判斷出試題的類型。對于第一種試題，要重點(diǎn)聽對話中的與特定地點(diǎn)有關(guān)的常用詞或詞組，例如聽到reserve，check in，check out，room之類的詞的話即可判斷對話是發(fā)生在旅館里，聽到size，color，pay，discount之類的詞即可判斷對話地點(diǎn)是在商店等。
與方向有關(guān)的詞和詞組并不多，所提出的問題在形式上也可能比較簡單，但是這類問題出現(xiàn)時(shí)，往往需要幾經(jīng)思考才能得出答案。在這類問題中，務(wù)必要注意錄音中的內(nèi)容細(xì)節(jié)，不要單憑從對話中獲得的孤立信息來確定答案。建議在聽音的同時(shí)用筆在紙上畫一些草圖以幫助理解。
與時(shí)間題不同，有的地點(diǎn)題可通過邏輯判斷猜出正確的答案，平時(shí)要注意這方面能力的培養(yǎng)。
【例1】
M：Good afternoon, This is Edward Miller at the Sun Valley Health Center Id like to speak to Mr. Adams, please.
W：Mr. Miller, my husband isnt at home I can give you his business phone if youd like to call him at work.
Q：Where is Mr. Adams now?
A)At the Sun Valley. B) At the Health Center.
C) At home D) At Work.
答案D)。本題表面是很簡單，因?yàn)閷υ捴杏兄苯犹崾驹~At work,它與D)項(xiàng)完全相同。此外，his business phone也能給我們一定的提示。
【例2】
M： Ive just got back from the holiday you arranged for me, but I must tell you the hotel was really awful! It was miles from the sea. The food was awful too. The bedroom was dirty.
W： Sorry about that but its not really our fault. The contract does say that the hotel accommodation is not our responsibility
Q： Where is the conversation most probably taking place?
A) At the airport. B) In a travel agency.
C) In a hotel D) At home
此題對話中雖有地點(diǎn)名詞出現(xiàn)，但明顯不是答案。本題考的是推理能力。根據(jù)hotel等關(guān)鍵詞，可推斷對話的話題與旅行有關(guān)。而從W的話中的arrange, contract等詞，可以判斷出這是一家旅行社。本題說明，在聽對話時(shí)，要對關(guān)鍵詞特別注意，但又不能認(rèn)為關(guān)鍵詞就是答案。
【例3】
M：Now, Miss, do you feel all right now? What happened?
W：Yes, Im fine now. I was just at the motorway I was driving along the main road when suddenly right before the crossroads I met the car came out at the side street I didnt see him until he hit me.
Q： Where was the car before it hit the woman?
A)In the side street. B) At the crossroads.
C) On the main road D) On the motorway.
本題屬于較為特殊的地點(diǎn)題，考生不僅要聽懂對話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)，而且要能理解I met the car came out at the side street這句語法上有錯(cuò)誤的話并推斷出在汽車撞上W之前，它正在the side street 中。其他選項(xiàng)在對話中都曾出現(xiàn)過，但它們都是描述W本人所在的位置，而非肇事車輛所處的位置。
【例4】
W： I just stopped by at your office in the bank. They told me that you had quit where are you working now?
M： I am working for a lawyer now. The pay is better and the work is much more interesting.
Q： Where did the man work before?
A) In a court. B) On the farm.
C) In a bank. D) In a shop.
答案C)。此題的關(guān)鍵詞bank在對話中出現(xiàn)了兩次，考生不但可以從女士的話,也可以從男士的回答中得出本題的正確答案。而a lawyer 僅僅是一個(gè)難度不大的干擾詞，考生只要聽懂now這一詞就可以排B)D)兩項(xiàng)與本題對話明顯無關(guān)。
在英語六級聽力考試中，考生常常遇到以下兩類題型，對這兩類題型如果掌握它的解題要點(diǎn)，在考試的時(shí)候就會顯得很輕松應(yīng)手。
一、時(shí)間與數(shù)字題型
時(shí)間、數(shù)字和計(jì)算是聽力測試中最常見的題型，幾乎每年都有，而且題型也比較多。歷年試題中雖然涉及的數(shù)字或數(shù)目并不多，但考生的答對率卻不高。究其原因，一是對數(shù)字的表達(dá)方法不夠熟悉，二是對技巧的運(yùn)用不夠熟練。
卷面線索
時(shí)間題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)一般都是表達(dá)時(shí)刻的數(shù)字，或是星期、年、月等詞，偶爾會有介詞后跟數(shù)字。數(shù)字題的選項(xiàng)則有可能為純粹的數(shù)字或帶有貨幣符號的數(shù)字。
解題要點(diǎn)
一般來說，正確答案不會是直接聽到的數(shù)字，而往往是在意思上與這相同或相近，或換了一種表達(dá)方式，或要求對聽到的數(shù)字進(jìn)行簡單的四則運(yùn)算。做這類題時(shí)，聽清這些數(shù)字和它們之間的關(guān)系是解題的關(guān)鍵。這些數(shù)字之間的關(guān)系往往用more/less, late/early, fast/slow, before/after之類的形容詞、副詞或介詞短語來表示，多為時(shí)間題。
【例1】
M： Could you tell me the timetable of the school bus?
W： Well, the bus leaves here for the campus every two hours from 6：30 am But on weekends it starts half an hour later.
Q： When did the second bus leave on Saturday?
A) 7：30 B) 8：00 C) 8：30 D) 9：00
答案D)。這是一道較為復(fù)雜的轉(zhuǎn)換題。考生應(yīng)聽懂對話中的every two hours from 6：30和half an hour later兩處，同時(shí)還要細(xì)心，捕捉到問題中的the second bus和Saturday。
【例2】
W：Have you heard about the air crash that occurred last Wednesday?
M：Yes The newspaper said six crew members and sixty four passengers were killed, and fifteen others were injured.
Q： How many people suffered in the air crash?
A) 85. B)70 C)64. D)31.
這是一道簡單的數(shù)字運(yùn)算題，解題的關(guān)鍵是要聽懂問句中的suffer一詞，受害者應(yīng)包括死者和傷者，故答案應(yīng)為6+64+15=85，A)。
【例3】
W：Sorry，Mr. Smith is not in May I have him return your call?
M：Yes, thank you Im at 6330872Sorry Its 6338720.
Q： Whats the mans telephone number?
A) 6330872. B)6380372. C) 6338720. D)6338726.
這道題要注意的是電話號碼在口語中的讀法。6338720的最常見的讀法是：six double three eight seven two zero 。另外還要注意不要受干擾信息的影響，如本題中的6330872以及其后的話語停頓。
【例4】
W： Id like to make two reservations one Flight 651 for June 8th.
M： Im sorry Weve booked up on the 8th But we still have a few seats available on the 9th
Q： When does the man want to leave?
A) On the 6th of June B) On the 8th of June.
C) On the 9th of June D) On the 19th of June.
答案為。與上一題類似，本題是考察考生抗干擾的能力。對話中干擾因素有Flight 651和the 9th兩個(gè)數(shù)詞。考生還要理解兩個(gè)詞：reservation意為預(yù)定，而book up則指訂完。此外，還要熟悉日期的不同表達(dá)方法。
二、地點(diǎn)與方向題型
在地點(diǎn)型試題中，有的地點(diǎn)在對話中直接提到，有的則需要根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容來判斷，還有的則是兩者兼而有之。
卷面線索
選項(xiàng)通常由地點(diǎn)名詞構(gòu)成，提問可分為兩種情況。第一種問對話發(fā)生在何處，選項(xiàng)的形式通常為表示方位的介詞加上一個(gè)地點(diǎn)名詞構(gòu)成;第二種問的是方向，選項(xiàng)的形式通常為表示方向的介詞加上一個(gè)地點(diǎn)名詞或者只有地點(diǎn)名詞構(gòu)成。
解題要點(diǎn)：
首先要根據(jù)卷面線索判斷出試題的類型。對于第一種試題，要重點(diǎn)聽對話中的與特定地點(diǎn)有關(guān)的常用詞或詞組，例如聽到reserve，check in，check out，room之類的詞的話即可判斷對話是發(fā)生在旅館里，聽到size，color，pay，discount之類的詞即可判斷對話地點(diǎn)是在商店等。
與方向有關(guān)的詞和詞組并不多，所提出的問題在形式上也可能比較簡單，但是這類問題出現(xiàn)時(shí)，往往需要幾經(jīng)思考才能得出答案。在這類問題中，務(wù)必要注意錄音中的內(nèi)容細(xì)節(jié)，不要單憑從對話中獲得的孤立信息來確定答案。建議在聽音的同時(shí)用筆在紙上畫一些草圖以幫助理解。
與時(shí)間題不同，有的地點(diǎn)題可通過邏輯判斷猜出正確的答案，平時(shí)要注意這方面能力的培養(yǎng)。
【例1】
M：Good afternoon, This is Edward Miller at the Sun Valley Health Center Id like to speak to Mr. Adams, please.
W：Mr. Miller, my husband isnt at home I can give you his business phone if youd like to call him at work.
Q：Where is Mr. Adams now?
A)At the Sun Valley. B) At the Health Center.
C) At home D) At Work.
答案D)。本題表面是很簡單，因?yàn)閷υ捴杏兄苯犹崾驹~At work,它與D)項(xiàng)完全相同。此外，his business phone也能給我們一定的提示。
【例2】
M： Ive just got back from the holiday you arranged for me, but I must tell you the hotel was really awful! It was miles from the sea. The food was awful too. The bedroom was dirty.
W： Sorry about that but its not really our fault. The contract does say that the hotel accommodation is not our responsibility
Q： Where is the conversation most probably taking place?
A) At the airport. B) In a travel agency.
C) In a hotel D) At home
此題對話中雖有地點(diǎn)名詞出現(xiàn)，但明顯不是答案。本題考的是推理能力。根據(jù)hotel等關(guān)鍵詞，可推斷對話的話題與旅行有關(guān)。而從W的話中的arrange, contract等詞，可以判斷出這是一家旅行社。本題說明，在聽對話時(shí)，要對關(guān)鍵詞特別注意，但又不能認(rèn)為關(guān)鍵詞就是答案。
【例3】
M：Now, Miss, do you feel all right now? What happened?
W：Yes, Im fine now. I was just at the motorway I was driving along the main road when suddenly right before the crossroads I met the car came out at the side street I didnt see him until he hit me.
Q： Where was the car before it hit the woman?
A)In the side street. B) At the crossroads.
C) On the main road D) On the motorway.
本題屬于較為特殊的地點(diǎn)題，考生不僅要聽懂對話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)，而且要能理解I met the car came out at the side street這句語法上有錯(cuò)誤的話并推斷出在汽車撞上W之前，它正在the side street 中。其他選項(xiàng)在對話中都曾出現(xiàn)過，但它們都是描述W本人所在的位置，而非肇事車輛所處的位置。
【例4】
W： I just stopped by at your office in the bank. They told me that you had quit where are you working now?
M： I am working for a lawyer now. The pay is better and the work is much more interesting.
Q： Where did the man work before?
A) In a court. B) On the farm.
C) In a bank. D) In a shop.
答案C)。此題的關(guān)鍵詞bank在對話中出現(xiàn)了兩次，考生不但可以從女士的話,也可以從男士的回答中得出本題的正確答案。而a lawyer 僅僅是一個(gè)難度不大的干擾詞，考生只要聽懂now這一詞就可以排B)D)兩項(xiàng)與本題對話明顯無關(guān)。
