英語四級閱讀題考試必備的精講課程14
The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such extended families were suited for survival in slow paced __1__ societies. But such families are hard to __2__. They are immobile.Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family __3__ shed its excess weight and the so-called nuclear family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit __4__ only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more __5__ than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, __6__ even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlinling process, a stePfurther by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more __7__ components, aman and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than teh ordinarily child-cluttered family.A __8__ may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in __9__ between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many __10__ will sidestePthis problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement.A)transplant B)solution C)gadually D)transportE)elemental F)conflict G)continually H)mobileI)couples J)agricultural )including L)compromiseM)requires N)primary O)consisting
ANSWER:
1. 選J)。此處應填形容詞，修飾名次societies。文章第一句就說The typical pre-industrial family... 工業化之前的典型家庭模式...... ， 即 extended family存在于工業化之前的社會，即agricultural society。故J)正確。選項中的primary 最初的，原始的 不符合原文意思。
2. 選A)。由be hard to do sth.可知，此處應填動詞原形。They are immobile 這樣的家庭很難流動 ，這說明這樣的家庭are hard to...，選項中由transplant和transport兩個動詞原形，前者指的是 遷居，遷移 ，后者指的是運輸，不難推斷前者符合原文意思，故A)transplant正確。3. 選C)。因為這句話的句子結構完整，固此處應填副詞。選項中的副詞有gradually和continually,原文中...and the so-called nuclear family emerged.所謂的 核心家庭 便出現了 ，emerge的意思是 浮現 ，強調經過一個過程后出現的。由此可以判斷，這句話壞死說明核心家庭從無到有逐漸出現，而不是連續不斷地出現，故選擇C)gradually
4. 選O)。該句可拆分理解，即a family unit... of parents and a smell set of children 一個家庭單元......父母和不多的孩子 ，由此可以推出這里要填的詞是表示 包含，由......組成 的。選項中的including和consisting均可以表示此意，但由原文中的of可排除including,consist of為固定刺諸，故O)為正確答案。
5. 選H)。從原文中的more...than可知，此處應填形容詞，構成形容詞的比較級結構。由第一段最后一句可知the traditional extended family是immobile,那么新型的家庭模式比舊的因該是更有流動性，故應選H)mobile，說明新型的家庭模式的優點。
6. 選M)。此處應填動詞，作這句話的謂語。Super-industrialism 超級工業化 ......更具流動性的家庭。可推知空格處應填表示 需要，需求 的詞。requires表示出自一種迫切的需要而提出的要求，很明顯選擇M)requires。
7. 選E)。此處應填形容詞，用來修飾名詞components。文中說明家庭被減縮到最......的成員，即由男人和女人組成，男人和女人是一個家庭最基本的成員。選項中的E)elemental 基本的，本質的 ，而N)primary 主要的，最早的 ，原文強調的是男人和女人是一個家庭最basic的組成部分，故E)更符合原文意思。
8.選l)。此處應填名詞。上段說兩人家庭的優點，本句中提到rather than childlessness 而不是不要孩子 ，說明晚要孩子是解決工作和孩子的折中的辦法，故選項中的L)compromise 妥協，折中 符合文意。而solution雖然也表示解決辦法，但不能表達夫婦們無可奈何的心情，故排除。
9.選F)。上題中已提到工作和要孩子之間存在矛盾即conflict，根據上下文意思，這個題相對容易。
10.選I)。這段一直在說一個家庭里男人和女人因為工作和要孩子的事情發生爭吵，那么將來要解決這個問題的仍然是家庭中的夫妻兩人，故這里應填I)couples。
導讀：The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such extended families were suited for survival in slow paced J)agricultural societies. But such families are hard to A)transplant. They are immobile.(The typical pre-industrial family= extended family)，第一段說明工業化前的大家庭模式的特點：很難流動。)
Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family C)gradually shed its excess weight and the so-called nuclear family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit O)consisting only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more H)mobile than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, M)requires even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlinling process, a stePfurther by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more E)elemental components, aman and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than teh ordinarily child-cluttered family.(第二段與第一段形成對比，說明industrialism 工業化 要求家庭必須流動，導致大家庭變得越來越小，甚至只剩下最基本的成員：男人和女人。)
A D)transport may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in F)conflict between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many I)couples will sidestePthis problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement. (最后一段說明工業化背景下，參加工作和要孩子之間存在矛盾。)
全文翻譯：工業化之前的典型的家庭模式不僅包括許多孩子，而且還有很多其他的家庭成員----祖父母，叔叔，嬸嬸，堂兄妹等。這樣的大家庭適合在慢節奏的農業社會中生存，但這樣的家庭很難遷移和流動。工業化需要大量樂意并能夠離開家鄉外出尋找工作的工人，而且他們可以根據需要隨時流動。這樣，大家庭漸漸擺脫了多余的成員，而所謂的 核心家庭 便出現了：這種家庭是只包括父母和小孩的遷移方便的小家庭。這種遠遠比傳統大家庭更易于流動的新型家庭模式便成為所有工業國家的標準模式。然而，超級工業化，即下一個階段的生態科技的發展，要求家庭具有更大的流動性。因此我們期待：在將來，許多人采取繼續進一步縮小的家庭模式。除了孩子，把家庭縮減到它的最基本成員，即只有一個男人和一個女人。夫妻兩人，也許由于職業旗鼓相當，將比孩子成群的家庭在接受教育和處理社會問題方面更加愛得心應手，在更換工作類型和工作地點的方面更為有效。折中的解決辦法就是推遲要孩子，而不是不要孩子。現在的男人和女人在忠于事業和撫養孩子之間總是引起沖突。在將來，許多夫婦會把全力以赴撫養孩子推遲到退休以后，以回避這一問題。
The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such extended families were suited for survival in slow paced __1__ societies. But such families are hard to __2__. They are immobile.Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family __3__ shed its excess weight and the so-called nuclear family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit __4__ only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more __5__ than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, __6__ even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlinling process, a stePfurther by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more __7__ components, aman and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than teh ordinarily child-cluttered family.A __8__ may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in __9__ between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many __10__ will sidestePthis problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement.A)transplant B)solution C)gadually D)transportE)elemental F)conflict G)continually H)mobileI)couples J)agricultural )including L)compromiseM)requires N)primary O)consisting
ANSWER:
1. 選J)。此處應填形容詞，修飾名次societies。文章第一句就說The typical pre-industrial family... 工業化之前的典型家庭模式...... ， 即 extended family存在于工業化之前的社會，即agricultural society。故J)正確。選項中的primary 最初的，原始的 不符合原文意思。
2. 選A)。由be hard to do sth.可知，此處應填動詞原形。They are immobile 這樣的家庭很難流動 ，這說明這樣的家庭are hard to...，選項中由transplant和transport兩個動詞原形，前者指的是 遷居，遷移 ，后者指的是運輸，不難推斷前者符合原文意思，故A)transplant正確。3. 選C)。因為這句話的句子結構完整，固此處應填副詞。選項中的副詞有gradually和continually,原文中...and the so-called nuclear family emerged.所謂的 核心家庭 便出現了 ，emerge的意思是 浮現 ，強調經過一個過程后出現的。由此可以判斷，這句話壞死說明核心家庭從無到有逐漸出現，而不是連續不斷地出現，故選擇C)gradually
4. 選O)。該句可拆分理解，即a family unit... of parents and a smell set of children 一個家庭單元......父母和不多的孩子 ，由此可以推出這里要填的詞是表示 包含，由......組成 的。選項中的including和consisting均可以表示此意，但由原文中的of可排除including,consist of為固定刺諸，故O)為正確答案。
5. 選H)。從原文中的more...than可知，此處應填形容詞，構成形容詞的比較級結構。由第一段最后一句可知the traditional extended family是immobile,那么新型的家庭模式比舊的因該是更有流動性，故應選H)mobile，說明新型的家庭模式的優點。
6. 選M)。此處應填動詞，作這句話的謂語。Super-industrialism 超級工業化 ......更具流動性的家庭。可推知空格處應填表示 需要，需求 的詞。requires表示出自一種迫切的需要而提出的要求，很明顯選擇M)requires。
7. 選E)。此處應填形容詞，用來修飾名詞components。文中說明家庭被減縮到最......的成員，即由男人和女人組成，男人和女人是一個家庭最基本的成員。選項中的E)elemental 基本的，本質的 ，而N)primary 主要的，最早的 ，原文強調的是男人和女人是一個家庭最basic的組成部分，故E)更符合原文意思。
8.選l)。此處應填名詞。上段說兩人家庭的優點，本句中提到rather than childlessness 而不是不要孩子 ，說明晚要孩子是解決工作和孩子的折中的辦法，故選項中的L)compromise 妥協，折中 符合文意。而solution雖然也表示解決辦法，但不能表達夫婦們無可奈何的心情，故排除。
9.選F)。上題中已提到工作和要孩子之間存在矛盾即conflict，根據上下文意思，這個題相對容易。
10.選I)。這段一直在說一個家庭里男人和女人因為工作和要孩子的事情發生爭吵，那么將來要解決這個問題的仍然是家庭中的夫妻兩人，故這里應填I)couples。
導讀：The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such extended families were suited for survival in slow paced J)agricultural societies. But such families are hard to A)transplant. They are immobile.(The typical pre-industrial family= extended family)，第一段說明工業化前的大家庭模式的特點：很難流動。)
Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family C)gradually shed its excess weight and the so-called nuclear family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit O)consisting only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more H)mobile than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, M)requires even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlinling process, a stePfurther by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more E)elemental components, aman and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than teh ordinarily child-cluttered family.(第二段與第一段形成對比，說明industrialism 工業化 要求家庭必須流動，導致大家庭變得越來越小，甚至只剩下最基本的成員：男人和女人。)
A D)transport may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in F)conflict between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many I)couples will sidestePthis problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement. (最后一段說明工業化背景下，參加工作和要孩子之間存在矛盾。)
全文翻譯：工業化之前的典型的家庭模式不僅包括許多孩子，而且還有很多其他的家庭成員----祖父母，叔叔，嬸嬸，堂兄妹等。這樣的大家庭適合在慢節奏的農業社會中生存，但這樣的家庭很難遷移和流動。工業化需要大量樂意并能夠離開家鄉外出尋找工作的工人，而且他們可以根據需要隨時流動。這樣，大家庭漸漸擺脫了多余的成員，而所謂的 核心家庭 便出現了：這種家庭是只包括父母和小孩的遷移方便的小家庭。這種遠遠比傳統大家庭更易于流動的新型家庭模式便成為所有工業國家的標準模式。然而，超級工業化，即下一個階段的生態科技的發展，要求家庭具有更大的流動性。因此我們期待：在將來，許多人采取繼續進一步縮小的家庭模式。除了孩子，把家庭縮減到它的最基本成員，即只有一個男人和一個女人。夫妻兩人，也許由于職業旗鼓相當，將比孩子成群的家庭在接受教育和處理社會問題方面更加愛得心應手，在更換工作類型和工作地點的方面更為有效。折中的解決辦法就是推遲要孩子，而不是不要孩子。現在的男人和女人在忠于事業和撫養孩子之間總是引起沖突。在將來，許多夫婦會把全力以赴撫養孩子推遲到退休以后，以回避這一問題。
