考研英語英譯漢2000年真題評(píng)析

　　Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of theirpeople depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.71) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralizedcontrol and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.在現(xiàn)代條件下，這需要不同程度的中央控制措施，從而就需要獲得諸如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和運(yùn)籌學(xué)等領(lǐng)域?qū)＜业膮f(xié)助。

　　本題屬于簡單句。句子框架是this requires various measures of centralized control and...the help of specialized scientists such as...。

　　本句比較簡單。需要注意的是：require有兩個(gè)賓語。第2個(gè)賓語是the help。在翻譯時(shí)需要加上獲得二字。measure在這里是程度，幅度，限度的意思。varying measures可譯成程度不同。

　　72) Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country`s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and ind ustry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors insgroupsto step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere insgroupsto reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.再者，顯而易見的是一個(gè)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力與其工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率密切相關(guān)，而效率的提高則有賴于各種科技人員的努力。

　　本題屬于復(fù)合句。句子框架是it is obvious that...and that...

　　It是形式主語。兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的是兩個(gè)主語從句，由and連接起來。

　　be bound up with意思是與有關(guān)系。in turn的意思是轉(zhuǎn)而，反過來。rest upon依靠，仰賴。this指的是前面提到的efficiency，翻譯時(shí)要重復(fù)一下，即效率的提高。

　　73) Owing to the remarkable development in mass communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for thereasons given above. At the same time. the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example,[參考譯文]大眾通信的迅猛發(fā)展使得各地的人們正在感覺到有新的需求，接觸新的習(xí)慣和新的想法。由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。

　　本題屬于復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。句子框架是people...are feeling new wants and arebeing exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are forced to introduce still further innovations for...。

　　owing to由于;mass communications大眾通信;be exposed to接觸;while然而。翻譯時(shí)可將owing to引導(dǎo)的原因狀語去掉，將其后的賓語the remarkable development in mass communication譯成漢語的主語，在其后加上使得二字。while一詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折可省略不譯。

　　74) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization-with all the far reaching changes in social patterns that followed-was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned.

　　在先期實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的歐洲國家中，其工業(yè)化進(jìn)程以及隨之而來的各種深刻的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)變革，持續(xù)了大約一個(gè)世紀(jì)之久，而如今一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家在十年左右就可能完成這個(gè)過程。

　　本題屬于復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。句子框架是the process of industrialization...was spread over nearly a century, whereas...a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so。with all the far reaching changes in social patterns that followed在這里是附加that followed作all the far reaching changes in social patterns的定語。

　　far reaching深遠(yuǎn)的、深刻的;spread over延續(xù)、持續(xù);undergo經(jīng)歷;whereas然而，卻。with的意思是跟一起，伴隨，這里譯成以及。例如：His money, with his wife`s comes to a million dollars.他的錢連同他太太的合計(jì)達(dá)100萬美金。

　　75) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting themsintoseffect.

　　由于人口的猛增或大量人口流動(dòng)引發(fā)的種種問題也會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)造成新的壓力。

　　本題屬于簡單句。句子框架是Additional social stresses may also occur because of...or problem arising from...

　　arising from由引起，在句中作定語修飾problem。Additional social stresses不必逐字翻譯，可轉(zhuǎn)譯成對(duì)社會(huì)造成新的壓力。themselves指mass migration movement。因此括號(hào)里譯成使這種流動(dòng)相對(duì)容易。

　　考研英語英譯漢2000年真題評(píng)析

　　Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of theirpeople depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.71) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralizedcontrol and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.在現(xiàn)代條件下，這需要不同程度的中央控制措施，從而就需要獲得諸如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和運(yùn)籌學(xué)等領(lǐng)域?qū)＜业膮f(xié)助。

　　本題屬于簡單句。句子框架是this requires various measures of centralized control and...the help of specialized scientists such as...。

　　本句比較簡單。需要注意的是：require有兩個(gè)賓語。第2個(gè)賓語是the help。在翻譯時(shí)需要加上獲得二字。measure在這里是程度，幅度，限度的意思。varying measures可譯成程度不同。

　　72) Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country`s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and ind ustry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors insgroupsto step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere insgroupsto reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.再者，顯而易見的是一個(gè)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力與其工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率密切相關(guān)，而效率的提高則有賴于各種科技人員的努力。

　　本題屬于復(fù)合句。句子框架是it is obvious that...and that...

　　It是形式主語。兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的是兩個(gè)主語從句，由and連接起來。

　　be bound up with意思是與有關(guān)系。in turn的意思是轉(zhuǎn)而，反過來。rest upon依靠，仰賴。this指的是前面提到的efficiency，翻譯時(shí)要重復(fù)一下，即效率的提高。

　　73) Owing to the remarkable development in mass communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for thereasons given above. At the same time. the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example,[參考譯文]大眾通信的迅猛發(fā)展使得各地的人們正在感覺到有新的需求，接觸新的習(xí)慣和新的想法。由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。

　　本題屬于復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。句子框架是people...are feeling new wants and arebeing exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are forced to introduce still further innovations for...。

　　owing to由于;mass communications大眾通信;be exposed to接觸;while然而。翻譯時(shí)可將owing to引導(dǎo)的原因狀語去掉，將其后的賓語the remarkable development in mass communication譯成漢語的主語，在其后加上使得二字。while一詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折可省略不譯。

　　74) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization-with all the far reaching changes in social patterns that followed-was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned.

　　在先期實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的歐洲國家中，其工業(yè)化進(jìn)程以及隨之而來的各種深刻的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)變革，持續(xù)了大約一個(gè)世紀(jì)之久，而如今一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家在十年左右就可能完成這個(gè)過程。

　　本題屬于復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。句子框架是the process of industrialization...was spread over nearly a century, whereas...a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so。with all the far reaching changes in social patterns that followed在這里是附加that followed作all the far reaching changes in social patterns的定語。

　　far reaching深遠(yuǎn)的、深刻的;spread over延續(xù)、持續(xù);undergo經(jīng)歷;whereas然而，卻。with的意思是跟一起，伴隨，這里譯成以及。例如：His money, with his wife`s comes to a million dollars.他的錢連同他太太的合計(jì)達(dá)100萬美金。

　　75) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting themsintoseffect.

　　由于人口的猛增或大量人口流動(dòng)引發(fā)的種種問題也會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)造成新的壓力。

　　本題屬于簡單句。句子框架是Additional social stresses may also occur because of...or problem arising from...

　　arising from由引起，在句中作定語修飾problem。Additional social stresses不必逐字翻譯，可轉(zhuǎn)譯成對(duì)社會(huì)造成新的壓力。themselves指mass migration movement。因此括號(hào)里譯成使這種流動(dòng)相對(duì)容易。