2023年全國(guó)各地考研時(shí)間在12月份陸續(xù)進(jìn)行，英語(yǔ)網(wǎng)小編將整理發(fā)布考研英語(yǔ)歷年真題，考生可在考研歷年真題欄目中查看，或點(diǎn)擊全國(guó)考研英語(yǔ)作文與范文匯總，查看歷年考研英語(yǔ)作文題目及范文，也可點(diǎn)擊全國(guó)考研英語(yǔ)答案解析進(jìn)行查詢!祝考生們金榜題名!

　　英語(yǔ)網(wǎng)隨后將陸續(xù)為大家?guī)?lái)更多考研英語(yǔ)歷年真題、歷年考研英語(yǔ)作文題目已范文、歷年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀、歷年考研英語(yǔ)翻譯、歷年考研英語(yǔ)完型、歷年考研英語(yǔ)答案解析等，希望能夠幫助到更多的考生。

1981年考研英語(yǔ)翻譯真題及答案解析

　　Section VI Chinese-English Translation

　　Translate the following into English. (10 points)

　　48. 這門(mén)課我們?cè)綄W(xué)越喜歡。

　　49. 這家工廠只能供應(yīng)我們所需要的百分之三十。

　　50. 他們一直談到入睡。

　　51. 許多人以為電是燃料，但事實(shí)上并非如此。

　　52. 我國(guó)的社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化是一項(xiàng)我們必須努力完成的任務(wù)。

　　Section VII English-Chinese Translation

　　Choose one of the following three passages and translate it into Chinese. (40 points)

　　(1)

　　The United Kingdom is a monarchical (君主政體的) State. It is one of the independent members of the Commonwealth (the Queen is recognized as head of the Commonwealth), and a member of the European Community.

　　The origins and traditions of the United Kingdom are to be found in each of the four parts that make up the country: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England was united as a kingdom a thousand years ago, and Wales became part of the kingdom during the middle ages. The thrones (王位) of England and Scotland were united in 1603, and in 1707 legislation passed in the two countries provided for the establishment of a single Parliament of Great Britain with supreme authority both in England and Wales and in Scotland. Ireland had had links with the kingdom of England since the thirteenth century, and in 1800 the creation of the United Kingdom was completed by a union joining the Irish Parliament to that of Great Britain. In 1922 Southern Ireland (now the Irish Republic) became a self-governing country. The six counties of Northern Ireland had in 1920 been given their own subordinate Parliament, and voted to remain within the United Kingdom.

　　The United Kingdom Parliament at Westminster in London with an elected chamber comprising members from English, Scottish, Welsh and Northern Ireland constituencies (選舉區(qū)) therefore represents people sharing very varied backgrounds and traditions. It has ultimate authority for government and law-making, but administrative arrangements have developed in such a way as to take account of the particular needs of different areas.

　　England and Wales on the one hand and Scotland on the other have different systems of law, different court systems, different education systems, different systems of local government and, for most domestic matters, different government departments.

　　(2)

　　As more people live closer together, and as they use machines to produce leisure, they find that their leisure, and even their working hours, become spoilt by a by-product of their machines namely, noise. Noise is nowadays in the news; it has acquired political status, and public opinion is demanding, more and more insistently, that something must be done about it.

　　To control noise is to demand much self-discipline (annoyance arises often from lack of common courtesy), a sense of proportion (there is usually a conflict of interest if a noise is to be stopped), the expenditure of money (and it is far more economical to do this early rather that late), and finally, technical knowledge.

　　Technical difficulties often arise from the subjective-objective nature of the problem. You can define the excessive speed of a motor-car in terms of a pointer reading on a speedometer. But can you define excessive noise in the same way? You find that with any existing simple noise-meter, vehicles which are judged to be equally noisy may show considerable difference on the meter.

　　Though the ideal cure for noise is to stop it at its source, this may in many cases be impossible. The next remedy is to absorb it on its way to the ear.

　　Domestic noises may perhaps be controlled by forethought and courtesy, and industrial noises by good planning and technical improvement. But if we are going to allow fast motor-cycles and heavy diesel lorries to pass continuously trough residential and business districts, the community must decide on the control it needs to exercise, for in the long run it has got to pay for it. And if a nation is to take part in modern air transport, it must enter into international agreements on the noise control measures it will impose at its airports and here the cost of any real control is to be measured in millions of dollars.

　　(3)

　　About 350 years ago Galileo made a telescope and looked through it at the sun. What he saw both surprised and frightened him, for he saw dark spots on the sun which at once suggested to him that God had not made the world quite as perfect as he had previously believed. He hesitated to make his discovery known. Meanwhile other scientists noticed the same lack of solar perfection and proclaimed (宣布) the fact.

　　But Galileo continued his observations and was soon rewarded with another discovery. Fixing his attention on a single sunspot (太陽(yáng)黑子) group, he noticed that in a few days it had moved in position, just as if the sun itself were turning. Afterwards he found a sunspot group which lived long enough to disappear from view on the western limb (邊緣) of the sun, to re-appear on its eastern limb, and finally to regain its old position. This led him to conclude that the sun itself was rotating and that the time it took to make one complete turn was about twenty-five to twenty-seven days. Actually we know from the drawings which Galileo made of sunspots that there must have been quite a lot of them at the time of his observations in the years 1611 and 1612. If he had gone on making his drawings in the years that immediately followed, we know that he would almost certainly have noticed that sunspots were becoming fewer and smaller. But he became interested in other things and so he failed to recognize that there is a kind of long-term cycle in sunspot activity, the sunspots increasing and decreasing as the years go on. Later this discovery of the sunspot activity was made by one of the most patient observers in the history of science, a German chemist, Charles Schwabe.

焦點(diǎn)導(dǎo)航

考研英語(yǔ)完型 | 考研英語(yǔ)真題 | 考研英語(yǔ)閱讀 | 考研英語(yǔ)翻譯 | 考研英語(yǔ)經(jīng)驗(yàn)交流

考研英語(yǔ)作文 | 考研常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題 | 專家解讀

答案解析

　　Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (10 points)

　　48. The more I study the subject, the more I like it.

　　49. The factory can only supply thirty percent of what we need.

　　50. They did not stop talking until they fell asleep.

　　51. Many people think that electricity is a fuel; but, as a matter of fact, it is not.

　　52. The socialist modernization of our country is an important task that we must strive to fulfill.

　　Section VIII: English-Chinese Translation (40 points)

　　(1)

　　聯(lián)合王國(guó)是一個(gè)君主政體的國(guó)家。它是英聯(lián)邦內(nèi)獨(dú)立的國(guó)家之一(女王被承認(rèn)是英聯(lián)邦的首腦)，也是歐洲共同體的成員國(guó)。

　　聯(lián)合王國(guó)的起源和傳統(tǒng)可從組成它的四個(gè)部分英格蘭、威爾士、蘇格蘭和北愛(ài)爾蘭的各個(gè)部分找到。英格蘭在一千年前統(tǒng)一為一個(gè)王國(guó)，威爾士則于中世紀(jì)時(shí)成為這王國(guó)的一個(gè)組成部分。一六〇三年，英格蘭與蘇格蘭的王位合而為一;一七〇七年兩國(guó)通過(guò)立法，規(guī)定設(shè)立一個(gè)單一的、在英格蘭和威爾士以及在蘇格蘭均享有最高權(quán)力的大不列顛國(guó)會(huì)。愛(ài)爾蘭與英格蘭王國(guó)自十三世紀(jì)起已有聯(lián)系;一八〇〇年由于愛(ài)爾蘭國(guó)會(huì)并入大不列顛國(guó)會(huì)，聯(lián)合王國(guó)的創(chuàng)建便告完成。一九二二年，南愛(ài)爾蘭(現(xiàn)在的愛(ài)爾蘭共和國(guó))成為一個(gè)自主的國(guó)家。北愛(ài)爾蘭的六個(gè)郡已于一九二〇年被授權(quán)成立自己的、在聯(lián)合王國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)之下的議會(huì)，并投票表決留在聯(lián)合王國(guó)內(nèi)。

　　在倫敦威斯敏斯特的聯(lián)合王國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)它有一個(gè)選舉出來(lái)的、由英格蘭、蘇格蘭、威爾士和北愛(ài)爾蘭各地選區(qū)所產(chǎn)生的議員組成的議院因此代表具有十分不同的背景和傳統(tǒng)的人民。它具有最高的政府權(quán)力和立法權(quán)，但在行政管理方面已作出了安排以照顧不同地區(qū)的特殊需要。

　　英格蘭和威爾士以及蘇格蘭兩者各有不同的法律制度，不同的法院系統(tǒng)，不同的教育制度，不同的地方政府制度，并且設(shè)有不同的政府部門(mén)來(lái)處理大部分的內(nèi)部事務(wù)。

　　(2)

　　隨著更多的人住得更近，隨著他們使用各種機(jī)器而獲得閑暇，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的空暇，甚至他們的工作時(shí)間都受到他們機(jī)器的一個(gè)副產(chǎn)品即噪音的嚴(yán)重影響。現(xiàn)在資訊報(bào)導(dǎo)中經(jīng)常談?wù)撛胍?它已取得了政治地位，公眾輿論也越來(lái)越堅(jiān)持要求采取一定措施來(lái)對(duì)付噪音。

　　要控制噪音就得要求很大程度的自我約束(使人煩惱的事常常是由于缺乏普通的禮貌引起的)，一種均衡感(如果要制止噪音，通常會(huì)引起利害沖突)，化錢(qián)(早化錢(qián)比晚化錢(qián)經(jīng)濟(jì)得多)，最后還有技術(shù)知識(shí)。

　　技術(shù)往往是由于問(wèn)題的主客觀性質(zhì)引起的。你可以根據(jù)速度計(jì)上指針?biāo)傅淖x數(shù)來(lái)確定一輛汽車(chē)的超速。可是，你能用同樣的方法來(lái)確定超量的噪音嗎?你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，被認(rèn)為噪音相同的車(chē)輛，在任何現(xiàn)有的簡(jiǎn)單噪音計(jì)上顯示的讀數(shù)可能大不相同。

　　雖然消除噪音的最理想方法是產(chǎn)生的根源處消滅它，但在很多情況下，這也許是不可能的。其次的補(bǔ)救辦法是將混音在它到達(dá)耳朵的過(guò)程中吸收掉。

　　家里的噪音或許可能通過(guò)事先的考慮與謙讓加以控制，工業(yè)噪音則可能通過(guò)良好的規(guī)劃與技術(shù)的改進(jìn)加以控制。但是，如果我們?cè)试S高速摩托車(chē)與重型內(nèi)燃機(jī)卡車(chē)經(jīng)常不斷地通過(guò)住宅區(qū)與商業(yè)區(qū)，那么這些地區(qū)的全體居民就必須決定他們需要實(shí)行的控制措施，因?yàn)閺拈L(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看，他們必須為些付出代價(jià)。如果一個(gè)國(guó)家要有現(xiàn)代化的空中運(yùn)輸，它必須參加國(guó)際噪音控制措施協(xié)定，這些措施它必須責(zé)成它的機(jī)場(chǎng)予以執(zhí)行而在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上，任何真正控制措施的費(fèi)用要以百萬(wàn)美元來(lái)計(jì)算。

　　(3)

　　大約在三百五十年前，伽利略制造了臺(tái)望遠(yuǎn)鏡，并用它來(lái)觀察太陽(yáng)。他所看到的景象使他感到既吃驚又害怕，因?yàn)樗吹教?yáng)上有一些黑點(diǎn)，這使他立刻聯(lián)想到上帝創(chuàng)造的世界并不象他以前所相信的那么完美。他猶豫不決，不敢把他的發(fā)現(xiàn)公布于世。與此同時(shí)，其他的科學(xué)家也注意到太陽(yáng)的這個(gè)缺陷，并宣布了這個(gè)事實(shí)。

　　但是，伽利略繼續(xù)進(jìn)行觀測(cè)，不久，他的努力獲得了另一發(fā)現(xiàn)。他把注意力集中在一群太陽(yáng)黑子上，他發(fā)現(xiàn)，在幾天內(nèi)，這群黑子的位置起了變化，宛如太陽(yáng)本身在轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。后來(lái)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)有一群黑子在太陽(yáng)西部的邊緣上停留了一段時(shí)間才消失，然后在太陽(yáng)的東部邊緣上最后回復(fù)原位。此種現(xiàn)象導(dǎo)致他得出這樣的結(jié)論：太陽(yáng)本身在旋轉(zhuǎn)，旋轉(zhuǎn)一周約需二十五到二十七天。直，我們從伽利略所畫(huà)的太陽(yáng)黑子圖中知道，在一六一一和一六一二年他觀察太陽(yáng)期間，一定曾出現(xiàn)過(guò)大量的太陽(yáng)黑子。如果在隨后的幾年中，他繼續(xù)把這些太陽(yáng)黑子描畫(huà)下來(lái)，我們相信，他大概一定會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)太陽(yáng)黑子正在變得愈來(lái)愈少和愈來(lái)愈小。可是，那時(shí)候，他卻對(duì)其他事物發(fā)生的興趣，因此，他看不到在太陽(yáng)黑子的活動(dòng)中存在著一種長(zhǎng)期的周期，隨著歲月的消逝，太陽(yáng)黑子會(huì)時(shí)多時(shí)少。后來(lái)，發(fā)現(xiàn)太陽(yáng)黑子活動(dòng)周期的是人是科學(xué)史上最有耐心的觀察者之一德國(guó)化學(xué)家查爾斯許偉勃。

　2023年全國(guó)各地考研時(shí)間在12月份陸續(xù)進(jìn)行，英語(yǔ)網(wǎng)小編將整理發(fā)布考研英語(yǔ)歷年真題，考生可在考研歷年真題欄目中查看，或點(diǎn)擊全國(guó)考研英語(yǔ)作文與范文匯總，查看歷年考研英語(yǔ)作文題目及范文，也可點(diǎn)擊全國(guó)考研英語(yǔ)答案解析進(jìn)行查詢!祝考生們金榜題名!

　　英語(yǔ)網(wǎng)隨后將陸續(xù)為大家?guī)?lái)更多考研英語(yǔ)歷年真題、歷年考研英語(yǔ)作文題目已范文、歷年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀、歷年考研英語(yǔ)翻譯、歷年考研英語(yǔ)完型、歷年考研英語(yǔ)答案解析等，希望能夠幫助到更多的考生。

1981年考研英語(yǔ)翻譯真題及答案解析

　　Section VI Chinese-English Translation

　　Translate the following into English. (10 points)

　　48. 這門(mén)課我們?cè)綄W(xué)越喜歡。

　　49. 這家工廠只能供應(yīng)我們所需要的百分之三十。

　　50. 他們一直談到入睡。

　　51. 許多人以為電是燃料，但事實(shí)上并非如此。

　　52. 我國(guó)的社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化是一項(xiàng)我們必須努力完成的任務(wù)。

　　Section VII English-Chinese Translation

　　Choose one of the following three passages and translate it into Chinese. (40 points)

　　(1)

　　The United Kingdom is a monarchical (君主政體的) State. It is one of the independent members of the Commonwealth (the Queen is recognized as head of the Commonwealth), and a member of the European Community.

　　The origins and traditions of the United Kingdom are to be found in each of the four parts that make up the country: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England was united as a kingdom a thousand years ago, and Wales became part of the kingdom during the middle ages. The thrones (王位) of England and Scotland were united in 1603, and in 1707 legislation passed in the two countries provided for the establishment of a single Parliament of Great Britain with supreme authority both in England and Wales and in Scotland. Ireland had had links with the kingdom of England since the thirteenth century, and in 1800 the creation of the United Kingdom was completed by a union joining the Irish Parliament to that of Great Britain. In 1922 Southern Ireland (now the Irish Republic) became a self-governing country. The six counties of Northern Ireland had in 1920 been given their own subordinate Parliament, and voted to remain within the United Kingdom.

　　The United Kingdom Parliament at Westminster in London with an elected chamber comprising members from English, Scottish, Welsh and Northern Ireland constituencies (選舉區(qū)) therefore represents people sharing very varied backgrounds and traditions. It has ultimate authority for government and law-making, but administrative arrangements have developed in such a way as to take account of the particular needs of different areas.

　　England and Wales on the one hand and Scotland on the other have different systems of law, different court systems, different education systems, different systems of local government and, for most domestic matters, different government departments.

　　(2)

　　As more people live closer together, and as they use machines to produce leisure, they find that their leisure, and even their working hours, become spoilt by a by-product of their machines namely, noise. Noise is nowadays in the news; it has acquired political status, and public opinion is demanding, more and more insistently, that something must be done about it.

　　To control noise is to demand much self-discipline (annoyance arises often from lack of common courtesy), a sense of proportion (there is usually a conflict of interest if a noise is to be stopped), the expenditure of money (and it is far more economical to do this early rather that late), and finally, technical knowledge.

　　Technical difficulties often arise from the subjective-objective nature of the problem. You can define the excessive speed of a motor-car in terms of a pointer reading on a speedometer. But can you define excessive noise in the same way? You find that with any existing simple noise-meter, vehicles which are judged to be equally noisy may show considerable difference on the meter.

　　Though the ideal cure for noise is to stop it at its source, this may in many cases be impossible. The next remedy is to absorb it on its way to the ear.

　　Domestic noises may perhaps be controlled by forethought and courtesy, and industrial noises by good planning and technical improvement. But if we are going to allow fast motor-cycles and heavy diesel lorries to pass continuously trough residential and business districts, the community must decide on the control it needs to exercise, for in the long run it has got to pay for it. And if a nation is to take part in modern air transport, it must enter into international agreements on the noise control measures it will impose at its airports and here the cost of any real control is to be measured in millions of dollars.

　　(3)

　　About 350 years ago Galileo made a telescope and looked through it at the sun. What he saw both surprised and frightened him, for he saw dark spots on the sun which at once suggested to him that God had not made the world quite as perfect as he had previously believed. He hesitated to make his discovery known. Meanwhile other scientists noticed the same lack of solar perfection and proclaimed (宣布) the fact.

　　But Galileo continued his observations and was soon rewarded with another discovery. Fixing his attention on a single sunspot (太陽(yáng)黑子) group, he noticed that in a few days it had moved in position, just as if the sun itself were turning. Afterwards he found a sunspot group which lived long enough to disappear from view on the western limb (邊緣) of the sun, to re-appear on its eastern limb, and finally to regain its old position. This led him to conclude that the sun itself was rotating and that the time it took to make one complete turn was about twenty-five to twenty-seven days. Actually we know from the drawings which Galileo made of sunspots that there must have been quite a lot of them at the time of his observations in the years 1611 and 1612. If he had gone on making his drawings in the years that immediately followed, we know that he would almost certainly have noticed that sunspots were becoming fewer and smaller. But he became interested in other things and so he failed to recognize that there is a kind of long-term cycle in sunspot activity, the sunspots increasing and decreasing as the years go on. Later this discovery of the sunspot activity was made by one of the most patient observers in the history of science, a German chemist, Charles Schwabe.

考研英語(yǔ)完型 | 考研英語(yǔ)真題 | 考研英語(yǔ)閱讀 | 考研英語(yǔ)翻譯 | 考研英語(yǔ)經(jīng)驗(yàn)交流

考研英語(yǔ)作文 | 考研常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題 | 專家解讀

答案解析

　　Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (10 points)

　　48. The more I study the subject, the more I like it.

　　49. The factory can only supply thirty percent of what we need.

　　50. They did not stop talking until they fell asleep.

　　51. Many people think that electricity is a fuel; but, as a matter of fact, it is not.

　　52. The socialist modernization of our country is an important task that we must strive to fulfill.

　　Section VIII: English-Chinese Translation (40 points)

　　(1)

　　聯(lián)合王國(guó)是一個(gè)君主政體的國(guó)家。它是英聯(lián)邦內(nèi)獨(dú)立的國(guó)家之一(女王被承認(rèn)是英聯(lián)邦的首腦)，也是歐洲共同體的成員國(guó)。

　　聯(lián)合王國(guó)的起源和傳統(tǒng)可從組成它的四個(gè)部分英格蘭、威爾士、蘇格蘭和北愛(ài)爾蘭的各個(gè)部分找到。英格蘭在一千年前統(tǒng)一為一個(gè)王國(guó)，威爾士則于中世紀(jì)時(shí)成為這王國(guó)的一個(gè)組成部分。一六〇三年，英格蘭與蘇格蘭的王位合而為一;一七〇七年兩國(guó)通過(guò)立法，規(guī)定設(shè)立一個(gè)單一的、在英格蘭和威爾士以及在蘇格蘭均享有最高權(quán)力的大不列顛國(guó)會(huì)。愛(ài)爾蘭與英格蘭王國(guó)自十三世紀(jì)起已有聯(lián)系;一八〇〇年由于愛(ài)爾蘭國(guó)會(huì)并入大不列顛國(guó)會(huì)，聯(lián)合王國(guó)的創(chuàng)建便告完成。一九二二年，南愛(ài)爾蘭(現(xiàn)在的愛(ài)爾蘭共和國(guó))成為一個(gè)自主的國(guó)家。北愛(ài)爾蘭的六個(gè)郡已于一九二〇年被授權(quán)成立自己的、在聯(lián)合王國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)之下的議會(huì)，并投票表決留在聯(lián)合王國(guó)內(nèi)。

　　在倫敦威斯敏斯特的聯(lián)合王國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)它有一個(gè)選舉出來(lái)的、由英格蘭、蘇格蘭、威爾士和北愛(ài)爾蘭各地選區(qū)所產(chǎn)生的議員組成的議院因此代表具有十分不同的背景和傳統(tǒng)的人民。它具有最高的政府權(quán)力和立法權(quán)，但在行政管理方面已作出了安排以照顧不同地區(qū)的特殊需要。

　　英格蘭和威爾士以及蘇格蘭兩者各有不同的法律制度，不同的法院系統(tǒng)，不同的教育制度，不同的地方政府制度，并且設(shè)有不同的政府部門(mén)來(lái)處理大部分的內(nèi)部事務(wù)。

　　(2)

　　隨著更多的人住得更近，隨著他們使用各種機(jī)器而獲得閑暇，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的空暇，甚至他們的工作時(shí)間都受到他們機(jī)器的一個(gè)副產(chǎn)品即噪音的嚴(yán)重影響。現(xiàn)在資訊報(bào)導(dǎo)中經(jīng)常談?wù)撛胍?它已取得了政治地位，公眾輿論也越來(lái)越堅(jiān)持要求采取一定措施來(lái)對(duì)付噪音。

　　要控制噪音就得要求很大程度的自我約束(使人煩惱的事常常是由于缺乏普通的禮貌引起的)，一種均衡感(如果要制止噪音，通常會(huì)引起利害沖突)，化錢(qián)(早化錢(qián)比晚化錢(qián)經(jīng)濟(jì)得多)，最后還有技術(shù)知識(shí)。

　　技術(shù)往往是由于問(wèn)題的主客觀性質(zhì)引起的。你可以根據(jù)速度計(jì)上指針?biāo)傅淖x數(shù)來(lái)確定一輛汽車(chē)的超速。可是，你能用同樣的方法來(lái)確定超量的噪音嗎?你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，被認(rèn)為噪音相同的車(chē)輛，在任何現(xiàn)有的簡(jiǎn)單噪音計(jì)上顯示的讀數(shù)可能大不相同。

　　雖然消除噪音的最理想方法是產(chǎn)生的根源處消滅它，但在很多情況下，這也許是不可能的。其次的補(bǔ)救辦法是將混音在它到達(dá)耳朵的過(guò)程中吸收掉。

　　家里的噪音或許可能通過(guò)事先的考慮與謙讓加以控制，工業(yè)噪音則可能通過(guò)良好的規(guī)劃與技術(shù)的改進(jìn)加以控制。但是，如果我們?cè)试S高速摩托車(chē)與重型內(nèi)燃機(jī)卡車(chē)經(jīng)常不斷地通過(guò)住宅區(qū)與商業(yè)區(qū)，那么這些地區(qū)的全體居民就必須決定他們需要實(shí)行的控制措施，因?yàn)閺拈L(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看，他們必須為些付出代價(jià)。如果一個(gè)國(guó)家要有現(xiàn)代化的空中運(yùn)輸，它必須參加國(guó)際噪音控制措施協(xié)定，這些措施它必須責(zé)成它的機(jī)場(chǎng)予以執(zhí)行而在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上，任何真正控制措施的費(fèi)用要以百萬(wàn)美元來(lái)計(jì)算。

　　(3)

　　大約在三百五十年前，伽利略制造了臺(tái)望遠(yuǎn)鏡，并用它來(lái)觀察太陽(yáng)。他所看到的景象使他感到既吃驚又害怕，因?yàn)樗吹教?yáng)上有一些黑點(diǎn)，這使他立刻聯(lián)想到上帝創(chuàng)造的世界并不象他以前所相信的那么完美。他猶豫不決，不敢把他的發(fā)現(xiàn)公布于世。與此同時(shí)，其他的科學(xué)家也注意到太陽(yáng)的這個(gè)缺陷，并宣布了這個(gè)事實(shí)。

　　但是，伽利略繼續(xù)進(jìn)行觀測(cè)，不久，他的努力獲得了另一發(fā)現(xiàn)。他把注意力集中在一群太陽(yáng)黑子上，他發(fā)現(xiàn)，在幾天內(nèi)，這群黑子的位置起了變化，宛如太陽(yáng)本身在轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。后來(lái)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)有一群黑子在太陽(yáng)西部的邊緣上停留了一段時(shí)間才消失，然后在太陽(yáng)的東部邊緣上最后回復(fù)原位。此種現(xiàn)象導(dǎo)致他得出這樣的結(jié)論：太陽(yáng)本身在旋轉(zhuǎn)，旋轉(zhuǎn)一周約需二十五到二十七天。直，我們從伽利略所畫(huà)的太陽(yáng)黑子圖中知道，在一六一一和一六一二年他觀察太陽(yáng)期間，一定曾出現(xiàn)過(guò)大量的太陽(yáng)黑子。如果在隨后的幾年中，他繼續(xù)把這些太陽(yáng)黑子描畫(huà)下來(lái)，我們相信，他大概一定會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)太陽(yáng)黑子正在變得愈來(lái)愈少和愈來(lái)愈小。可是，那時(shí)候，他卻對(duì)其他事物發(fā)生的興趣，因此，他看不到在太陽(yáng)黑子的活動(dòng)中存在著一種長(zhǎng)期的周期，隨著歲月的消逝，太陽(yáng)黑子會(huì)時(shí)多時(shí)少。后來(lái)，發(fā)現(xiàn)太陽(yáng)黑子活動(dòng)周期的是人是科學(xué)史上最有耐心的觀察者之一德國(guó)化學(xué)家查爾斯許偉勃。