英語(yǔ)句子最基本的結(jié)構(gòu)是主、謂結(jié)構(gòu),倒裝就是將這種比較固定的詞序加以顛倒.英語(yǔ)的倒裝有兩種形式.一種和謂語(yǔ)完全顛倒過(guò)來(lái),稱為完全倒裝,如:Then began an eight-year war between Iran and Iraq. ;另一種是只將助動(dòng)詞移到主語(yǔ)之前,稱為部分倒裝,如: Seldom can she finish her task in a short time.

　　引起倒裝的情況有很多,在大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試中常見(jiàn)的主要有以下幾種.下面舉例說(shuō)明.

　　一、虛擬條件句中的倒裝

　　例1:________for my illness, I would have lent him a helping hand.

　　A) Not being B) Had it not been

　　C) Without being D) Not having been

　　本題答案為B).本句意思是:要是我沒(méi)有生病,我肯定會(huì)給他幫助的.從主句的謂語(yǔ)可以看出,本題是過(guò)去時(shí)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,從句謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí).由于省略了連詞if ,所以將 had 移到句首構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu).

　　例2:________before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.

　　A) Had they arrived

　　B) Would they arrive

　　C) Were they arriving

　　D) Were they to arrive

　　本題答案為D).本句是將來(lái)時(shí)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,這點(diǎn)從從句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)the day after tomorrow 可以看出.因此從句的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用should或were to+ 動(dòng)詞原形.由于從句省略了連詞if,就應(yīng)將should或were移到句首,形成倒裝.

　　二、表示否定意義的詞或詞組位于句首

　　例1:We have been told that under no circumstances________the telephone in the office for personal affairs.

　　A) may we use B) we may use C) we could use D) did we use

　　本題答案為A).本句中的否定短語(yǔ)under no circumstances位于賓語(yǔ)從句句首,句子需要用倒裝 ,故B)和C)錯(cuò)誤,D)項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì).本句意思是:我們被告之,在任何情況下都不能因私事而使用辦公室的電話.

　　例2:Not until the game had begun______at the sports ground.

　　A) should he have arrived

　　B) had he arrived

　　C) did he arrive

　　D) would he have arrived

　　本題答案為C).本句將not until置于句首,主句要倒裝.由于從句用的是過(guò)去完成時(shí),因此主句應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí).本句意思是:直到比賽開(kāi)始了,他才到運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng).

　　三、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的倒裝

　　例如:________, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.

　　A) As he likes her much

　　B) Although much he likes her

　　C) Much as he likes her

　　D) Much although he likes her

　　本題答案為C).本句是由as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,需要使用倒裝語(yǔ)序,將狀語(yǔ)放到句首,故C)正確.本句意思是:雖然他很喜歡她,但他有時(shí)候也覺(jué)得她很討厭.

　　四、only位于句首的倒裝

　　例如:Only under special circumstances ______to take make-up tests.

　　A) are freshmen permitted

　　B) freshmen are permitted

　　C) permitted are freshmen

　　D) are permitted freshmen

　　本題答案為A).以 only + 副詞開(kāi)頭的句子需要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),B)和C)沒(méi)有用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),而D)卻用了錯(cuò)誤的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu).本句的意思是:一年級(jí)的學(xué)生只有在特殊情況下才允許補(bǔ)考.

　　五、neither, nor, so等位于句首的倒裝

　　例如:I could not persuade him to accept it,________make him see the importance of it.

　　A) if only I could not

　　B) no more than I could

　　C) or I could not

　　D) nor could I

　　本題答案為D).本句是考查nor引導(dǎo)的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),nor表示也不的意思.本句意思是:我無(wú)法說(shuō)服他接受它,我也無(wú)法讓他認(rèn)識(shí)到這件事的重要性.

　　六、為了保持句子平衡而使用的倒裝

　　英語(yǔ)句子有時(shí)候會(huì)出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)而謂語(yǔ)太短的情況,為了保持句子平衡,或者為了使句子與前文銜接緊湊,常常將謂語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)一起放在主語(yǔ)之前.有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào),將某一成分移到句首,因而形成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu).

　　例1:They erected a bronze tablet on which was carved The Yellow River Source.他們立了一塊銅牌,上面寫(xiě)著黃河之源.

　　例2: The girl who loves him so deeply finds herself unable to forgive his mistake. Around this point develops the sketch, which is humorous and full of a strong local flavor. 那個(gè)深愛(ài)他的女孩覺(jué)得她不能原諒他的錯(cuò)誤.圍繞這一點(diǎn)就寫(xiě)成了這一短劇.它不但幽默,而且充滿了濃郁的地方風(fēng)味.

　　練習(xí):

　　1. ________for your help, I wouldnt have got what I have today.

　　A) It were not B) Were it not

　　C) If were not D) Were not it

　　2. He didnt watch TV last week, ________did his younger sister.

　　A) or B) and C) but D) neither

　　3. ______on the ground was an old man aged nearly 60.

　　A) Lying B) Laying

　　C) Laid D) Slept

　　4. ______do we hear fine singing from school choirs.

　　A) Seldom B) Not

　　C) Almost D) Rather

　　5. Only after you have received the telephone ________the time of his arrival.

　　A) know you

　　B) you ought to know

　　C) can you know

　　D) you can know

　　答案: 1.B 2.D 3.A 4. A 5.C

　　英語(yǔ)句子最基本的結(jié)構(gòu)是主、謂結(jié)構(gòu),倒裝就是將這種比較固定的詞序加以顛倒.英語(yǔ)的倒裝有兩種形式.一種和謂語(yǔ)完全顛倒過(guò)來(lái),稱為完全倒裝,如:Then began an eight-year war between Iran and Iraq. ;另一種是只將助動(dòng)詞移到主語(yǔ)之前,稱為部分倒裝,如: Seldom can she finish her task in a short time.

　　引起倒裝的情況有很多,在大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試中常見(jiàn)的主要有以下幾種.下面舉例說(shuō)明.

　　一、虛擬條件句中的倒裝

　　例1:________for my illness, I would have lent him a helping hand.

　　A) Not being B) Had it not been

　　C) Without being D) Not having been

　　本題答案為B).本句意思是:要是我沒(méi)有生病,我肯定會(huì)給他幫助的.從主句的謂語(yǔ)可以看出,本題是過(guò)去時(shí)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,從句謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí).由于省略了連詞if ,所以將 had 移到句首構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu).

　　例2:________before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.

　　A) Had they arrived

　　B) Would they arrive

　　C) Were they arriving

　　D) Were they to arrive

　　本題答案為D).本句是將來(lái)時(shí)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,這點(diǎn)從從句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)the day after tomorrow 可以看出.因此從句的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用should或were to+ 動(dòng)詞原形.由于從句省略了連詞if,就應(yīng)將should或were移到句首,形成倒裝.

　　二、表示否定意義的詞或詞組位于句首

　　例1:We have been told that under no circumstances________the telephone in the office for personal affairs.

　　A) may we use B) we may use C) we could use D) did we use

　　本題答案為A).本句中的否定短語(yǔ)under no circumstances位于賓語(yǔ)從句句首,句子需要用倒裝 ,故B)和C)錯(cuò)誤,D)項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì).本句意思是:我們被告之,在任何情況下都不能因私事而使用辦公室的電話.

　　例2:Not until the game had begun______at the sports ground.

　　A) should he have arrived

　　B) had he arrived

　　C) did he arrive

　　D) would he have arrived

　　本題答案為C).本句將not until置于句首,主句要倒裝.由于從句用的是過(guò)去完成時(shí),因此主句應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí).本句意思是:直到比賽開(kāi)始了,他才到運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng).

　　三、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的倒裝

　　例如:________, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.

　　A) As he likes her much

　　B) Although much he likes her

　　C) Much as he likes her

　　D) Much although he likes her

　　本題答案為C).本句是由as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,需要使用倒裝語(yǔ)序,將狀語(yǔ)放到句首,故C)正確.本句意思是:雖然他很喜歡她,但他有時(shí)候也覺(jué)得她很討厭.

　　四、only位于句首的倒裝

　　例如:Only under special circumstances ______to take make-up tests.

　　A) are freshmen permitted

　　B) freshmen are permitted

　　C) permitted are freshmen

　　D) are permitted freshmen

　　本題答案為A).以 only + 副詞開(kāi)頭的句子需要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),B)和C)沒(méi)有用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),而D)卻用了錯(cuò)誤的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu).本句的意思是:一年級(jí)的學(xué)生只有在特殊情況下才允許補(bǔ)考.

　　五、neither, nor, so等位于句首的倒裝

　　例如:I could not persuade him to accept it,________make him see the importance of it.

　　A) if only I could not

　　B) no more than I could

　　C) or I could not

　　D) nor could I

　　本題答案為D).本句是考查nor引導(dǎo)的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),nor表示也不的意思.本句意思是:我無(wú)法說(shuō)服他接受它,我也無(wú)法讓他認(rèn)識(shí)到這件事的重要性.

　　六、為了保持句子平衡而使用的倒裝

　　英語(yǔ)句子有時(shí)候會(huì)出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)而謂語(yǔ)太短的情況,為了保持句子平衡,或者為了使句子與前文銜接緊湊,常常將謂語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)一起放在主語(yǔ)之前.有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào),將某一成分移到句首,因而形成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu).

　　例1:They erected a bronze tablet on which was carved The Yellow River Source.他們立了一塊銅牌,上面寫(xiě)著黃河之源.

　　例2: The girl who loves him so deeply finds herself unable to forgive his mistake. Around this point develops the sketch, which is humorous and full of a strong local flavor. 那個(gè)深愛(ài)他的女孩覺(jué)得她不能原諒他的錯(cuò)誤.圍繞這一點(diǎn)就寫(xiě)成了這一短劇.它不但幽默,而且充滿了濃郁的地方風(fēng)味.

　　練習(xí):

　　1. ________for your help, I wouldnt have got what I have today.

　　A) It were not B) Were it not

　　C) If were not D) Were not it

　　2. He didnt watch TV last week, ________did his younger sister.

　　A) or B) and C) but D) neither

　　3. ______on the ground was an old man aged nearly 60.

　　A) Lying B) Laying

　　C) Laid D) Slept

　　4. ______do we hear fine singing from school choirs.

　　A) Seldom B) Not

　　C) Almost D) Rather

　　5. Only after you have received the telephone ________the time of his arrival.

　　A) know you

　　B) you ought to know

　　C) can you know

　　D) you can know

　　答案: 1.B 2.D 3.A 4. A 5.C