前 言：

　　教習過好幾門課程，深感寫作這一課是最難教的，危乎高哉!寫作之難難于上青天。一夫當關，萬夫莫開。學生學習英語寫作多時，大多不能迥脫蹊徑之外，工而入逸者更是寥寥。于是我悲觀起來，認定文不可以教而能。雖說文字和技法可以也應當教一些，俾學生邯鄲學步，漸次入門，但就本質特征而論，寫作遠不只是一個章法和技巧的問題，而是氣之所行，是皮相之下許多深層主觀因素的綜合，是一個厚積薄發的養成過程。這些主觀因素，在我看來，體現在國內的英語寫作考試當中只局限于素心爛讀的積累。Reading makes a full man.這是英國學者的傳世之言，我們的祖先說讀書破萬卷，下筆如有神。我們贊嘆一篇文章，往往是因為我們被文章中的語言所吸引、所征服：語匯豐富、句式整齊、語言或精練或華麗，句式安排熟練自如，自然流暢;而這只能來自于 reading。但是我們已沒有那么多的時間去讀了，于是乎，語言的總結就變得極其必要!

　　要歸納記敘文中漂亮、地道的語言是困難的，但是要歸納論說文這個各種英語考試的作文類型中的語言不是不可能的。論說文是由開頭、結尾、啟轉、分析、舉例、比較等部分所組成的，其中都有些固定而漂亮的句型來表達。由于這些句型都是地道的英語，是經過千錘百煉，且能表達論說文寫作中的不同意思，若能把以論說文為主的當代英語essays中的這些句型摘錄歸納成類，供讀者參考，無疑是能有助于提高英語寫作的語言水平。

　　模仿和學用漂亮和地道的英語表達法或句型并不是可恥的事。地道的英語不應是你用學過的詞匯和語法規則按某個意思苦苦思索造出來的，地道的英語應是你把英美人對這個意思的習慣說法用到你自己的文章上來的。該講義收集了論說文常用的一些句型，與六級考試的一些文章結構模式;希望同學們能以此為依據，Practice makes perfect，達到熟能生巧的境界，從而在六級考試作文部分獲得理想的分數!

　　寫作原則

　　內容簡單化

　　結構模式化

　　語言要包裝

　　錯誤要回避

　　萬能理由 ：

　　1、方便：convenient/convenience

　　2、效率：efficient/efficiently/efficiency

　　3、節省和浪費：save time/money/space; economical, thrift

　　waste time/money/space; costly, lavish

　　4：人的心理健康：independent, cooperative, competitive,

　　considerate, confident, creative, sociable,

　　perseverance; selfish, isolated, conservative

　　5、人的身體健康：health, disease, strong, strength, energetic

　　6、娛樂：colorful, pleasure, joy, recreation, entertainment, relax

　　tired, boring, lonely

　　7、環境：environment, pollute, poisonous, dirty

　　8、安全和危險：safe, danger, risk

　　9：經驗：experience, social experience, enter the society

　　10、人際：humane, fair, unfair, help, assist, freedom, freely

　　基本表達：

　　越來越：be increasingly + adj., be on the rise, the growing number of

　　人們認為：it is generally/widely believed/held/agreed that

　　許多問題：a host of/a number of problems

　　引起人們注意：claim call/attract general/public/world attention to sth.

　　意識到：there is a growing awareness/realization of/that, awaken sb. to the fact/danger

　　適應新的形勢/變化：adapt/adjust/accommodate oneself to new environment/change

　　接觸各種思想/經歷：be exposed to new ideas/experiences/problems

　　接觸社會：come into frequent/close contact with the world/society

　　獲得成功：achieve/accomplish success

　　提出觀點/建議：advance / put forward / come up with the arguments/ideas/suggestions

　　作出努力：make tremendous/persistent/sustained effort to do sth., take great pains to do

　　影響學習/工作：interfere with studies/work

　　產生影響：have/exert a profound influence on life/personality, have a dramatic/undesirable effect on

　　較好地駕馭生活：be a better pilot of ones life

　　剝奪機會/權力：deprive oneself of the chance/right/opportunity

　　取代就的方式：substitute for/take the place of the old way

　　采取措施：take effective steps/measures to

　　控制我們的環境：take/gain increasing control over our own environment

　　躲避危險/挑戰：shy/run away from the dangers/challenge

　　滿足要求：meet/satisfy/accommodate the demand of

　　補償損失：compensate for/make up for the loss/damage

　　解釋某現象：account for/explain the phenomenon

　　對很好的了解：have a better understanding/appreciation of, have a new perspective on. provide/gain an insight into

　　把某因素考慮進去：take sth. Into account, give much thought to

　　品位人生/自由/青春：savor the life/freedom/youth

　　培養對的信心：develop/foster ones interest/confidence in

　　經歷變化/困難/艱險：undergo/experience great changes/hardships/experience

　　表現出自信心等：project ones confidence/feeling/image

　　生活充滿不公正的地方：life is full of minor irritation/injustice

　　追求學習/職業：pursue ones academic interest/professional career

　　學習知識/技術：pursue/acquire knowledge/technology/skill

　　被看作學習的榜樣：be held up as a good example

　　交流經驗/知識：share experience/ideas/problems/knowledge

　　發揮/起到重要作用：play an role/part

　　逃學/缺課：skip school/a class/a meeting/a lecture

　　知識/經驗豐富：rich in knowledge/experience

　　確立/追求目標：set/pursue a goal/higher standard

　　到達目標：achieve/accomplish/stain the goal/aim/objective

　　克服困難：overcome obstacles/difficulty

　　面臨危險/困難：be confronted/faced with/in the face of danger/difficulty

　　阻礙了成功：stand in the way of success, be an obstacle/barrier to success/growth

　　阻礙了發展：hamper/impede/stunt the development of

　　持傳統的看法：hold conventional wisdom

　　發表看法：voice/express ones opinion

　　持相反/合理的觀點：take the opposite/fresh view

　　揭穿某種一貫的說法：shatter the myth of

　　求得幫助：enlist ones support/help

　　縮小差別：bridge/narrow/fill the gap/gulf

　　把成功/錯誤歸咎于：attribute/own the success/failure to

　　對重要：be indispensable/important/vital to

　　施加壓力：put/exert a academic pressure on

　　重視：assign/attach much importance/significance to

　　強調：place/put much emphasis/stress/value on

　　把注意力集中在：focus/concentrate ones attention/efforts/thoughts upon

　　提供機會/信息：provide/offer/furnish an opportunity/information for sb.

　　抓住機會：grab/seize/take the opportunity

　　得到機會：enjoy/gain access to a opportunity/information

　　有可能：there is possibility/likelihood that, chances/the odds are that

　　展開競爭：compete against/with sb. for the prize/position/control/the mastery of

　　開展運動：conduct a campaign

　　對我很有/沒有什么意義：make much/little sense to me

　　帶來無窮的幸福/滿足：be a source of happiness satisfaction/contentment/pride/complaint

　　獻身于：devote/dedicate/commit oneself to a cause/career

　　大不兩樣：make much difference

　　真正重要的是：what really matters/accounts is

　　改變生活旅程：change/alter the course of life

　　建立在大量的學習/實踐上：built on tremendous amount of study/practice

　　進行調查/執行任務：conduct/carry out an study/task/experiment

　　辭去工作/學習：leave/quit ones job/work/school

　　參加考試/競賽等：enter the examination/contest, race

　　參加活動/討論：take part/participate/be engaged in sports/activities/discussion

　　影響思想/態度/事件的形成：shape ones thinking/attitude

　　進入大學/社會/家庭/勞力市場/職業：enter a school/college/society/the work force/professionals

　　實現自己的理想/愿望：realize/fulfill/achieve ones dream

　　減輕壓力/緊張：reduce/alleviate/relieve the stress/pressure/tension

　　提高社會地位：enhance/improve/upgrade social status/position/standing rise to the position of leadership

　　提高技術/能力：sharpen ones skill/ability

　　加快/促進發展：accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boost the development of

　　隨著生活節奏的加快：with the quickening pace/rhythm/tempo of modern life/society

　　開闊眼界/興趣：broaden ones interest/outlook, expand ones mental horizons

　　有助于了解/發展/宣傳/解決：contribute much/little/greatly/to a better understanding of/the popularity of/the growth of/the solution of

　　有助于解決問題：go a long way to solving the problem

　　迷戀名利/分數：be obsessed/preoccupied with grades/fame/fortune

　　把時間花/浪費在：spend/waste time doing sth., put in hours doing sth.

　　利用機會/技術：make use of/take advantage of opportunity/time, tap/harness technology potential/skills/talent

　　把知識/經驗運用到：apply/put the theory/knowledge/experience to practice/daily life/good use

　　取得進步：make much progress/strides/gains in

　　充分發揮潛力/能力：develop ones ability/potential to the full, give full play to ones ability

　　充滿激情/渴望：have a burning desire/a great passion for

　　實例二 99年6月真題

　　Reading Selectively Or Extensively?

　　Outline: 1.有人認為讀書要有選擇

　　2.有人認為應當博覽群書

　　3.我的想法

　　①11分

　　When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is better.

　　Those people, who think that reading selectively is better, believe that good books are as many as bad books. Those good books can give us pleasure and knowledge, while those bad books can only lead us to the wrong way. So, they suggest that we should only choose the good books to read and never touch the bad books.

　　But, the other people, who hold that reading extensively is better, think that one kind of books can only give us one aspect of knowledge. Even the best book only contains one field of information. So, they can easily come to the conclusion that to know more, to read more. So they believe that reading extensively is better.

　　To my point, we should choose good books to read and read good books as many as possible. By this way, we can increase the quality and quantity of reading.

　　②5分

　　I think reading not only selectively but also extensively. Because the two sides are not contradict. Our time is limited. So we can not read every book in the world. However, we will not be interested in every book. We should read those books may be useful to ours, read those books which we like. But those books which we choose must be extensively so it can give ours all kinds of knowledge, news and so on, it also make ours become a wise man. On the one hand reading selectively let ours not waste our time which it is limited. Moreover it can emphasis among all books that we can read. On the other hand reading extensively can deal with all kinds of need in our life. They are all useful to ours.

　　失分原因：分段太少，語法錯誤太多

　　③2分

　　Most people thought that read books should have been selective. But others believed reading extensively was correction.

　　Selective books or reading extensively?

　　Sure, you can choice one from previous ideas,

　　on one hand, There are too book to read for us. We should choose those which we interested, and it would be helpful for us.

　　On another hand. Someones interesting was wide. Each book could bring you specific contain we couldnt reading at only one level.

　　I confirmed all of these ideas were good but werent wise.

　　As a reader, the main task is to discover more and more books the second task is to held some which wonderful and helpful for us. Dont treat these books with reckless abandon.

　　The best technology of reading is connect.

　　失分原因：分段太多，語法錯誤太多

　　④14分

　　How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.

　　Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. Whats more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldnt read them. Since we cant read all the books and we shouldnt read bad books, we must read selectively.

　　But others may not agree, they emphasize that todays society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.

　　Whos right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we should read extensively first. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.

　　⑤8分

　　Some people think reading shall be chosen. Because some books are good to human beings and some books are harmful to people.

　　Some people think that men should read books widely. Because wide reading can help man get much knowledge. And man can use it to change the world.

　　It is my point that reading must be selectively. Because reading is important to man. Some books can help man but some books can lead some people to crime. It can be seen in the newspapers and watched on TV. We can make full use of some good books and gain more useful knowledge. It can make our life more beautiful. We must give up those unhelpful books. They are not good to us. Reading them is wasting time and money. So reading selectively is an important part in reading.

　　失分原因：結構失調，表述方式單一

　　典型的對比觀點選擇題的文章邏輯結構：四段比較好

　　Paragraph I：引出將要評論的事物或者是觀點;可以用問句開頭How should people

　　簡明扼要的提出人們在這個問題上的兩種不同看法。

　　Paragraph II：提出一種觀點或優點;

　　本段的支持性分論點;

　　本段總結。

　　Paragraph III：承上啟下的過渡句;

　　提出另一種觀點或缺點;

　　本段的支持性分論點