英語習(xí)作入門訓(xùn)練步驟（一）
在習(xí)作訓(xùn)練的初期，應(yīng)采納一條從有材料可依的習(xí)作方式過渡到脫離本本進(jìn)行自由寫作方式的途徑。從有材可依到無材可依的訓(xùn)練過程應(yīng)包括三個(gè)階段：
一、短文縮寫(Summary)階段
短文縮寫可以是就所學(xué)課文進(jìn)行縮寫，也可以采用其它閱讀材料，但要求被縮寫的材料難易程度不超過所學(xué)課本。被用于進(jìn)行縮寫的課文或其它材料必須觀點(diǎn)明確、層次分明、敘述有條理。縮寫時(shí)應(yīng)做到簡明扼要，抓住重點(diǎn)，不要拖泥帶水，沒有主次。初學(xué)階段的被縮寫材料不宜太長，以不超一千詞為佳，縮寫文以不超過二百詞為佳。以下就一篇短文進(jìn)行縮寫，限于篇幅，短文內(nèi)容有所節(jié)略。
Most shops in Britain open at 9:00 a.m. and close at 5:00 or 5:30 in the evening. Small shops usually close for an hour at lunchtime. On one or two days a week-usually Thursday and/or Friday-some large food shops stay until about 8:00 p.m. for late night shopping.
Many shops are closed in the afternoon on one day a week. The days is usually Wednesday or Thursday and it is a different day in different towns. Nearly all shops are closed on Sunday. News-paper shops are open in the morning, and sell sweets and cigarettes as well. But there are legal restrictions on selling many things on Sundays. Many large food shops(supermarkets)are self-service. When you go into one of these shops you take a basket and you put the things you wish to buy into it. You queue up at the cash-desk and pay for everything just before you leave. If anyone tries to take things from a shop without paying they are almost certain to be caught. Most shops have store detectives who have the job of catching shoplifters. Shoplifting is considered a serious crime by the police and the courts. When you are waiting to be served in a shop, it is important to wait your turn. It is important not to try to be served before people who arrived before you. Many people from overseas are astonished at the British habit of queuing.
將短文縮寫如下：
This article tells us about British shops. British shops usually open at 9:00 a.m. and close at 5:00 or 5:30 p.m. Many shops are closed in the afternoon one day a week. Nearly all shops are closed on Sundays. In Britain, many large food shops are self-service. And when you wait to be served in a shop, you have to wait patiently for your turn.
這是一篇不超過100詞的縮寫，句子基本上由原文各段落的主要內(nèi)容構(gòu)成。個(gè)別段落被完全刪除以保證縮寫重點(diǎn)突出，前后連貫。縮寫是一種依材剪貼的習(xí)作方式，基本上采用原材料中的詞語和句子，僅作了部分調(diào)整，是最初級的習(xí)作方式。
在習(xí)作訓(xùn)練的初期，應(yīng)采納一條從有材料可依的習(xí)作方式過渡到脫離本本進(jìn)行自由寫作方式的途徑。從有材可依到無材可依的訓(xùn)練過程應(yīng)包括三個(gè)階段：
一、短文縮寫(Summary)階段
短文縮寫可以是就所學(xué)課文進(jìn)行縮寫，也可以采用其它閱讀材料，但要求被縮寫的材料難易程度不超過所學(xué)課本。被用于進(jìn)行縮寫的課文或其它材料必須觀點(diǎn)明確、層次分明、敘述有條理。縮寫時(shí)應(yīng)做到簡明扼要，抓住重點(diǎn)，不要拖泥帶水，沒有主次。初學(xué)階段的被縮寫材料不宜太長，以不超一千詞為佳，縮寫文以不超過二百詞為佳。以下就一篇短文進(jìn)行縮寫，限于篇幅，短文內(nèi)容有所節(jié)略。
Most shops in Britain open at 9:00 a.m. and close at 5:00 or 5:30 in the evening. Small shops usually close for an hour at lunchtime. On one or two days a week-usually Thursday and/or Friday-some large food shops stay until about 8:00 p.m. for late night shopping.
Many shops are closed in the afternoon on one day a week. The days is usually Wednesday or Thursday and it is a different day in different towns. Nearly all shops are closed on Sunday. News-paper shops are open in the morning, and sell sweets and cigarettes as well. But there are legal restrictions on selling many things on Sundays. Many large food shops(supermarkets)are self-service. When you go into one of these shops you take a basket and you put the things you wish to buy into it. You queue up at the cash-desk and pay for everything just before you leave. If anyone tries to take things from a shop without paying they are almost certain to be caught. Most shops have store detectives who have the job of catching shoplifters. Shoplifting is considered a serious crime by the police and the courts. When you are waiting to be served in a shop, it is important to wait your turn. It is important not to try to be served before people who arrived before you. Many people from overseas are astonished at the British habit of queuing.
將短文縮寫如下：
This article tells us about British shops. British shops usually open at 9:00 a.m. and close at 5:00 or 5:30 p.m. Many shops are closed in the afternoon one day a week. Nearly all shops are closed on Sundays. In Britain, many large food shops are self-service. And when you wait to be served in a shop, you have to wait patiently for your turn.
這是一篇不超過100詞的縮寫，句子基本上由原文各段落的主要內(nèi)容構(gòu)成。個(gè)別段落被完全刪除以保證縮寫重點(diǎn)突出，前后連貫。縮寫是一種依材剪貼的習(xí)作方式，基本上采用原材料中的詞語和句子，僅作了部分調(diào)整，是最初級的習(xí)作方式。
