2024屆高考英語一輪復習全方位配套訓練人教版必修一Unit 4 Earthquakes閱讀理解1

　　第Ⅰ組

　　A

　　Everyone has heard of the San Andreas fault （斷層），which constantly threatens California and the West Coast with earthquakes.But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri?

　　Between December of 1811 and February of 1812，three major earthquakes occurred，all centered around the town of New Madrid，Missouri，on the Mississippi River.Property damage was severe.Buildings in the area were almost destroyed.Whole forests fell at once，and huge cracks opened in the ground，releasing some strong smell chemicals.

　　The Mississippi River itself completely changed character，developing sudden rapids and whirlpools（激流和漩渦）.Several times it changed its course，and once，according to some observers，it actually appeared to run backwards.Few people were killed in the New Madrid earthquakes，probably simply because few people lived in the area in 1811；but the severity of the earthquakes was shown by the fact that the shock waves rang bells in church towers in Charleston，South Carolina，on the coast.Buildings shook in New York City，and clocks were stopped in Washington，D.C.

　　Scientists now know that America’s two major faults are essentially different.The San Andreas is a horizontal （水平的） boundary between two major land masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions.California earthquakes result when the two masses make a sudden move.

　　The New Madrid fault，on the other hand，is a vertical fault；at some point，possibly hundreds of millions of years ago，rock was pushed up toward the surface，probably by volcanoes under the surface.Suddenly，the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed，leaving huge cracks.Even now，the rock continues to settle downwards，and sudden sinking motions cause earthquakes in the region.The fault itself，a large crack in this layer of rock，with dozens of other cracks that split off from it，extends from northeast Arkansas through Missouri and into southern Illinois.

　　Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have been numerous smaller quakes in the area since 1811；these smaller quakes indicate that larger ones are probably coming，but the scientists say they have no method of predicting when a large earthquake will occur.

　　1.This passage is mainly about

　　.

　　A.the New Madrid fault B.the San Andreas

　　C.the causes of faults D.current scientific knowledge about faults

　　2.Which of the following pictures best describes the type of the New Madrid fault?

　　3.This passage implies that

　　.

　　A.horizontal faults are more dangerous than vertical faults

　　B.vertical faults are more dangerous than horizontal faults

　　C.a lot of people would die if the 1811 New Madrid earthquakes happened today

　　D.the volcanoes that caused the New Madrid fault are still alive

　　【語篇解讀】本文通過歷史回顧和科學分析，提醒人們多關注New Madrid地區頻繁的地震。

　　1.A

　　主旨大意題。由本文第一段的最后一句話“But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri？”可知。

　　2.B

　　細節理解題。由本文第四段和第五段內容可以判斷The San Andreas fault是水平地震，而The New Madrid fault是垂直地震，所以B項正確。

　　3.C

　　推理判斷題。本文無A、B兩項相關內容；根據第五段中第二句“Suddenly，the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed，leaving huge cracks.Even now，the rock continues to settle downwards...”可以排除D項；根據第三段第三句“Few people were killed in the New Madrid earthquakes，probably simply because few people lived in the area in 1811...”可以推測答案為C。

　　B

　　A powerful earthquake struck the northeastern coast of Japan at 2：46 p.m.local time on March 11th，2011.Japan’s Meteorological Agency released its first tsunami warnings just three minutes later.The country has one of the best earthquake early warning systems in the world.

　　There are over 4，000 Seismic Intensity Meters （地震烈度測量儀） in place throughout Japan to measure earthquake activity.These meters provide information within two minutes of an earthquake happening.Information about the strength and the center of the earthquake can be learned within three minutes.There are also concrete sea walls around much of the Japanese coastline.But these measures proved no match for the powerful earthquake and tsunami.

　　Castas Synolakis is a tsunami expert in Los Angeles.He says，“Japan is one of those most well-prepared countries on earth in terms of tsunami warning.They had a warning.I think what went wrong is that they had not anticipated the size of this event.”

　　He says there are two reasons for this.Japan has not had any event anywhere near as big as this one in the last 150 years.And scientists had not expected such a large earthquake happening off the coast of Japan.

　　The 9.0-magnitude earthquake was the 4th most powerful earthquake ever recorded worldwide.It was also the worst earthquake ever to hit Japan.The tsunami waves that followed were reported to have reached as high as 13 meters in some areas.

　　Costas Synolakis says Japan抯 concrete sea walls were not built to handle such high wavies.A tsunami wave can travel as fast as 800 kilometers per hour.To get to higher ground people would often have to travel for many kilometers.This can take more time than a fast traveling tsunami will permit.This is especially true in cases like Japan，where the center of the earthquake struck so close to the coastline.The tsunami waves followed almost immediately.

　　Experts say early warning systems will continue to be limited by these facts until earthquakes and tsunamis can be predicted.

　　4.From the second paragraph we can infer that

　　.

　　A.Japan is an island country

　　B.the center of the earthquake is located in the northeastern coast

　　C.the meters in Japan have dropped behind

　　D.many measures have been carried out to reduce the consequences of earthquakes in Japan

　　5.The underlined word 揳nticipated?in the third paragraph probably means?

　　?in J

　　A.predicted

　　B.measured

　　C.counted

　　D.prevented

　　6.The underlined words 搕hese facts?in the last paragraph refer to the following EXCEPT

　　.an

　　A.the concrete sea walls can抰 control the wave

　　B.it is the worst earthquake happening in Japan in the history

　　C.the speed of the tsunami is frightening and quick

　　D.there are many earthquakes in Japan

　　7.Which may be the best title of this passage?

　　A.Earthquakes and tsunamis can be predicted

　　B.A 9.0-magnitude earthquake hit Japan

　　C.Japan’s concrete sea walls

　　D.A report about Japan’s early warning systems

　　8.On which column of China Daily can you find the passage?

　　A.Technology.

　　B.Culture discovery.

　　C.Travel.

　　D.History.

　　【語篇解讀】本文是科技文。日本的地震預警系統位居世界前列，能在地震發生后的兩分鐘內提供信息。三分鐘內能夠提供有關地震強度和震中的信息。在海嘯預警方面，日本是世界上準備工作做得最充分的國家之一，但他們沒有預測出這次海嘯的規模如此之大。

　　4.D

　　推理判斷題。A項說法正確，但不是本段的推理；B項不是由第二段推理得出的，是第一段中明示的信息。根據“These meters provide information within two minutes of an earthquake happening.Information about the strength and the center of the earthquake can be learned within three minutes.”判斷，C項推理錯誤。D項根據所列事實可以推斷得出。

　　5.A

　　猜測詞義題。根據第四段和第五段信息可知，日本的海嘯預警系統是世界上最好的之一，此次失誤在于沒有預料到海嘯的規模如此大。

　　6.D

　　細節認定題。根據文章倒數第二段、倒數第三段內容可知答案為D。

　　7.D

　　主旨大意題。根據全文內容判斷，文章介紹日本擁有世界上最先進的地震、海嘯預警系統，但沒有預料到這次大地震和海嘯如此之猛。

　　8.A

　　推理判斷題。本文主要介紹的是日本的地震、海嘯預警系統的先進性和局限性。

　　C

　　The mom had died when the rescuers found her after the terrible earthquake.She was covered by a destroyed house.Through gaps （縫隙） of those ruins，the rescuers could see her last posture （姿勢）.It was something like an ancient person who was kowtowing （叩頭），but it just looked strange because she was out of shape by pressure.

　　The rescuers confirmed her death by touching her through the gaps of the ruins.They shouted at the ruins again and again，knocked the bricks using various tools，but no reply inside.

　　Then the rescuing team went to the next building.Suddenly the leader ran back，calling,“Come here.” He came to the body，put his hands under the woman，feeling and touching，then shouted loudly and gladly，“There is someone，a baby，still living.”

　　Through some efforts，rescuers cleaned up the ruins which blocked her.Under her body lay her baby，who was covered by a small red quilt （棉被）.He was about 3 or 4 months’ old.Since well protected by his mother’s body，he was safe.He was in a deep sleep when the rescuer carried him out，and his lovely and peaceful face warmed everyone around him.The doctor，along with the rescuing team，took the baby out of the quilt to check if the baby was all right，and he found there was a mobile phone in the quilt.The doctor looked at the screen；a written message was already there：“My dear baby，if you could live，don’t forget how much I love you.” As a doctor，he experienced much of this type of separation；but at this moment，he cried.The mobile phone was passed，and every person who saw this message shed （流出） tears.

　　9.When the rescuers found the mom，she

　　A.was using her mobile phone to ask for help

　　B.begged the rescuers to save her baby first

　　C.was struggling with the pressure

　　D.didn’t have the normal shape

　　10.When the baby was rescued，he

　　A.was smiling a lot

　　B.was fast asleep

　　C.was listening carefully D.was frightened to death

　　11.After seeing the words on the mobile phone，people was

　　A.pleased

　　B.excited C.moved

　　D.tired

　　12.The passage is mainly about

　　A.a story of saving a mother and her baby

　　B.the disaster of a terrible earthquake

　　C.the rescuers’ hard work after an earthquake

　　D.the great love of a mother in the earthquake

　　【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了地震中，一位母親為了救自己的孩子，讓自己的身軀承受倒塌的重量，從而為孩子形成了一個庇護所，同時還在手機上給孩子留言。這些都反映了母愛的偉大。

　　9.D

　　細節理解題。從第一段中的“just looked strange because she was out of shape by pressure”可知，這位母親已經被倒塌的房子壓得變了形。故答案選D項。

　　10.B

　　細節理解題。根據最后一段中的“He was in a deep sleep...”可知，這個嬰兒在熟睡。故答案選B項。

　　11.C

　　推理判斷題。人們看到母親為了救自己的孩子而犧牲自己，并在手機上留言“孩子，將來如果你還活著，不要忘了我是多么愛你”。此情此景，人們無不為偉大的母愛而感動。

　　12.D

　　主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了一次地震中，母親為了救自己的孩子，讓自己的身軀承受倒塌的重量，從而為孩子形成了一個庇護所，同時還在手機上給孩子留言。這些都反映了母愛的偉大。故答案選D項。

　　D

　　Wong Fuk-wing，a Hong Kong volunteer （志愿者） at an orphanage （孤兒院） in Yushu，was killed in the earthquake when he was trying to save others on April 14，2010.

　　Wong managed to run safely out of the building with some children when the first quake happened at 7:50 a.m.on April 14，but he went back inside to rescue three other children and three teachers inside，although he knew the danger of aftershocks （余震）.

　　At 10 a.m.，all the children and one of the teachers were saved.However，Wong was buried under the fallen building and died.The other two teachers were still waiting to be rescued.

　　46-year-old Wong was a truck driver，who often said he could only give his efforts to charity（慈善） instead of money，as he did not earn a lot.His tragic（悲劇的）end touched the hearts of many people both in Hong Kong and on the mainland.

　　Wong began volunteering in 2002.In 2003，Wong was told by the doctor he got serious illness，which gave him a great blow.However，the illness did not deter the warm-hearted man.When the earthquake struck Wenchuan in Sichuan Province in 2008，Wong rushed to the disaster area of Shifang to offer his help though his family did not want him to go.

　　In fact，Qinghai is a place Wong had often visited since 2006.As a volunteer，he gave out medicine and clothing to the orphanage there.No one could expect that Wong would die helping others.

　　Hong Kong Chief Secretary Henry Tang Yingyen said he had “the highest respect” for the hero who gave his life for others.“What he did has shown the Hong Kong spirit.”The citizens of Hong Kong called him “the pride of Hong Kong’s people” and people on the mainland have also praised him as “a true hero”.

　　13.Wong died in the earthquake

　　.

　　A.after he sent medicine and clothing to the orphanage

　　B.when he returned to save the teachers and students

　　C.because he suffered from his serious illness again

　　D.as the first earthquake happened

　　14.The underlined word“deter”in Paragraph 5 refers to “　　”.

　　A.prevent

　　B.refuse C.beat

　　D.encourage

　　15.What can we know about Wong from the passage?

　　A.He never visited Qinghai before 2010.

　　B.He was supported his family being a volunteer.

　　C.He was thought highly of by the Chinese.

　　D.He was a taxi driver before he died.

　　16.Which of the following words can be used to describe Wong according to the passage?

　　A.Honest and selfsatisfactory. B.Warmhearted and selfless.

　　C.Proud and selfcentered. D.Capable and hardworking.

　　【語篇解讀】本文介紹了香港義工黃福榮——阿福的故事。

　　13.B

　　細節理解題。本文第二、三段介紹了阿福震中救人犧牲的事跡，故選B。

　　14.A

　　詞義猜測題。由第五段中的When the earthquake struck Wenchuan in Sichuan Province in 2008，Wong rushed to the disaster area of Shifang to offer his help...可以看出嚴重的疾病也未能阻止他去汶川地震災區當一名志愿者。

　　15.C

　　細節理解題。由最后一段人們對黃福榮的評價可知香港市民和大陸同胞高度贊揚他。

　　16.B

　　推理判斷題。阿福從2002年開始做義工，并不顧自己疾病援助汶川地震和玉樹地震的援救工作，后在玉樹地震中獻出生命。從他的事跡不難看出，阿福是一個熱心而無私的人。

　　E

　　I was sleeping in my room when my bed started shaking and a loud noise was heard.I woke up and my mom was screaming my name.Next moment I was running along with my younger sister，mom and dad.Before I ran out of the door，I realized my elder sister hadn’t come out yet.So I screamed her name at the top of my voice.My mom said she had gone to her class.Then the four of us，along with many others，were running on the staircase.We lived on the seventh floor，so I thought we would not be able to make it and the building would fall before we managed to reach even the fourth floor.My dad’s head was injured by something falling down.I did try to put my hand over his head.When we reached the sixth floor，the building split into two.We had no way to get down.