第27講

　　閱讀簡答（2）

　　(2010·湖南卷)

　　Secret Santas

　　On Christmas morning, Linda wakes up, and tries to imagine the wide-eyed surprise of children in another household as they unwrap the presents she carefully chose for them. Linda has never met the children, but that's all part of the joy of giving as secret Santas, she says.

　　“It's an amazing feeling to buy gifts on an anonymous (匿名的) basis，” says Linda.

　　“It brings a whole new meaning to the holidays.”

　　Linda and Tony are an American couple living in Toronto, Canada, and Linda did charitable work as a member of the American Women's Club of Toronto. As the name suggests, members are U. S. citizens living in Toronto, who join together for fellowship and community service.

　　To find her “adopted” family, Linda goes to the local schools and requests a wish list for a family that's struggling to survive. Last year she helped a single mother with three children. The mother works as a cleaning lady in a nursing home.

　　揟he list is always heartbrceaking. They have an opportunity to ask for anything and do just the opposite, asking for basic clothes or simple toys，” she says. “We always buy the kids a new winter coat, hats, and gloves.” She also buys gifts for the parents.

　　Last year Linda asked the mother for a second wish list — one that didn't include the basics. “Every child should have a Christmas that sticks with them for a lifetime.” She purchased iPods for the two older children and a video game system for the youngest. 揑 have learned a very valuable lesson in all of this—，” says Linda. “Pay attention to what's going on in your own backyard — no matter where you live.”

　　The joy of giving as secret Santas is much sweeter when the gift is anonymous.

　　81. What reaction does Linda imagine the children will have？(No more than 5 words)

　　(2 marks)

　　______________________________________________

　　82. Why did Linda join the American Women's Club of Toronto？(No more than 10 words)

　　(2 marks)

　　______________________________________________

　　83. Why did Linda ask for a second wish list？(No more than 15 words)

　　(3 marks)

　　______________________________________________

　　84. What kind of people does “secret Santas” in the passage refer to？(No more than 12 words)

　　(3 marks)

　　______________________________________________

　　本文為記敘文。講述了居住在多倫多的美國人Linda充當(dāng)秘密圣誕老人，給那些需要幫助的孩子以匿名的方式給他們送去圣誕禮物的故事。

　　81. They will feel greatly surprised. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)…Linda wakes up, and tries to imagine the wide-eyed surprise of children in another household as they unwrap the presents she carefully chose for them.可知孩子們打開她精心選擇的禮物時(shí)會(huì)感到非常吃驚。

　　82. She joined in for fellowship and community service. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)…who join together for fellowship and community service.可知Linda加入這個(gè)多倫多美國婦女俱樂部的目的是為了獲得友誼和便于社區(qū)服務(wù)。

　　83. She wanted to give children some other gifts rather than the basics. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Last year Linda asked the mother for a second wish list — one that didn't include the basics.可知Linda想給孩子們送一些其他的禮物而不是一些基本的生活用品。

　　84. It refers to people who give away anonymous gifts on Christmas. 推斷題。根據(jù)最后一句The joy of giving as secret Santas is much sweeter when the gift is anonymous.可知“秘密圣誕老人”指的是那些在圣誕節(jié)時(shí)以匿名的方式給孩子們送去禮物的愛心人士。

　　五、概括主旨大意型、確定文章標(biāo)題型和判斷推理型的解題技巧

　　主旨大意型考查考生對語篇的整體理解能力以及分析、推理、歸納等能力。不同的文體，主旨大意的歸納方法也不盡相同。一般來說，說明文、議論文在文章第一段的段首或段尾，文章最后一段的段首或段尾往往會(huì)以主題句的形式呈現(xiàn)文章的主旨大意。

　　對于這類題目可以通過了解文章中段落和主題句的形式來總結(jié)文章的主旨大意。而對于其他類型的文章，如記敘文文體，則要在把握全篇的基礎(chǔ)上對文章進(jìn)行概括和總結(jié)，最后給出文章的主旨大意。這類題要求考生用最簡潔而又內(nèi)容豐富的詞或短語高度概括文章的中心思想。做題的步驟是先找到主題句，通過對主題句進(jìn)行加工、整合或重組，才能得出最佳答案。

　　確定文章的標(biāo)題，其實(shí)質(zhì)是要求對文章作深層次理解，是文章主旨大意的一種升華，這類題往往具有以下特點(diǎn)：

　?、俑爬ㄐ?。標(biāo)題在最大程度上概括全文，體現(xiàn)文章的主旨大意，它是文章主旨大意的一種確認(rèn)方式。因此，在給文章起標(biāo)題時(shí)，要仔細(xì)體會(huì)文章字里行間所蘊(yùn)含的作者的思想態(tài)度，從全局出發(fā)進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)，防止本末倒置，主次不分，以點(diǎn)帶面，以偏概全。

　　確定文章標(biāo)題型

　?、卺槍π?。文章標(biāo)題要有一定的內(nèi)涵和外延界限，不能太大也不宜太小，要量體裁衣，大小適度。

　　③醒目性。文章標(biāo)題是文章的點(diǎn)睛之筆，其恰當(dāng)與否會(huì)影響文章的可讀性，讀者會(huì)根據(jù)標(biāo)題來選讀文章，故標(biāo)題應(yīng)比較醒目，甚至比較離奇，以達(dá)到吸引讀者的目的。

　　判斷推理型考查考生根據(jù)文中全部信息或事實(shí)，在通篇理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的言外之意，并作出正確的推理和判斷。推理判斷題包括理解和推測作者或人物的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度、意圖、身份、情感，對作者或文段所涉及的人物、事件作出評價(jià)等，該題型屬于深層理解試題。與閱讀理解題中的推斷題一樣，簡答題的答案在原文中是不能找到的，它要求考生以文章中的某些詞、整篇文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)、作者的寫作手法等為依據(jù)，進(jìn)行合理的推斷。

　　判斷推理型

　　要準(zhǔn)確理解文段的隱含信息，除了要熟練地掌握基本的語言知識(shí)，準(zhǔn)確理解句子的字面意思外，還要求我們運(yùn)用自己已有的知識(shí)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)，結(jié)合文段的相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行推理、判斷。在題目設(shè)計(jì)中出現(xiàn)的形式有：數(shù)據(jù)推斷題、知識(shí)推斷題、邏輯結(jié)論推斷題、作者情感態(tài)度意圖推斷題等。此類問題常涉及infer, conclude, imply, learn, intend, purpose, attitude等詞。

　　該題常見的設(shè)問方式有：

　?、賅hat can we infer/conclude from the passage?

　　②What can we learn from the passage?

　?、踂hat does the passage imply but doesn't tell us directly?

　?、躓hat's the purpose of the passage?

　?、軼hat's the writer's attitude?

　?、轜hat does the writer suggest in the passage?

　　第27講

　　閱讀簡答（2）

　　(2010·湖南卷)

　　Secret Santas

　　On Christmas morning, Linda wakes up, and tries to imagine the wide-eyed surprise of children in another household as they unwrap the presents she carefully chose for them. Linda has never met the children, but that's all part of the joy of giving as secret Santas, she says.

　　“It's an amazing feeling to buy gifts on an anonymous (匿名的) basis，” says Linda.

　　“It brings a whole new meaning to the holidays.”

　　Linda and Tony are an American couple living in Toronto, Canada, and Linda did charitable work as a member of the American Women's Club of Toronto. As the name suggests, members are U. S. citizens living in Toronto, who join together for fellowship and community service.

　　To find her “adopted” family, Linda goes to the local schools and requests a wish list for a family that's struggling to survive. Last year she helped a single mother with three children. The mother works as a cleaning lady in a nursing home.

　　揟he list is always heartbrceaking. They have an opportunity to ask for anything and do just the opposite, asking for basic clothes or simple toys，” she says. “We always buy the kids a new winter coat, hats, and gloves.” She also buys gifts for the parents.

　　Last year Linda asked the mother for a second wish list — one that didn't include the basics. “Every child should have a Christmas that sticks with them for a lifetime.” She purchased iPods for the two older children and a video game system for the youngest. 揑 have learned a very valuable lesson in all of this—，” says Linda. “Pay attention to what's going on in your own backyard — no matter where you live.”

　　The joy of giving as secret Santas is much sweeter when the gift is anonymous.

　　81. What reaction does Linda imagine the children will have？(No more than 5 words)

　　(2 marks)

　　______________________________________________

　　82. Why did Linda join the American Women's Club of Toronto？(No more than 10 words)

　　(2 marks)

　　______________________________________________

　　83. Why did Linda ask for a second wish list？(No more than 15 words)

　　(3 marks)

　　______________________________________________

　　84. What kind of people does “secret Santas” in the passage refer to？(No more than 12 words)

　　(3 marks)

　　______________________________________________

　　本文為記敘文。講述了居住在多倫多的美國人Linda充當(dāng)秘密圣誕老人，給那些需要幫助的孩子以匿名的方式給他們送去圣誕禮物的故事。

　　81. They will feel greatly surprised. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)…Linda wakes up, and tries to imagine the wide-eyed surprise of children in another household as they unwrap the presents she carefully chose for them.可知孩子們打開她精心選擇的禮物時(shí)會(huì)感到非常吃驚。

　　82. She joined in for fellowship and community service. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)…who join together for fellowship and community service.可知Linda加入這個(gè)多倫多美國婦女俱樂部的目的是為了獲得友誼和便于社區(qū)服務(wù)。

　　83. She wanted to give children some other gifts rather than the basics. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Last year Linda asked the mother for a second wish list — one that didn't include the basics.可知Linda想給孩子們送一些其他的禮物而不是一些基本的生活用品。

　　84. It refers to people who give away anonymous gifts on Christmas. 推斷題。根據(jù)最后一句The joy of giving as secret Santas is much sweeter when the gift is anonymous.可知“秘密圣誕老人”指的是那些在圣誕節(jié)時(shí)以匿名的方式給孩子們送去禮物的愛心人士。

　　五、概括主旨大意型、確定文章標(biāo)題型和判斷推理型的解題技巧

　　主旨大意型考查考生對語篇的整體理解能力以及分析、推理、歸納等能力。不同的文體，主旨大意的歸納方法也不盡相同。一般來說，說明文、議論文在文章第一段的段首或段尾，文章最后一段的段首或段尾往往會(huì)以主題句的形式呈現(xiàn)文章的主旨大意。

　　對于這類題目可以通過了解文章中段落和主題句的形式來總結(jié)文章的主旨大意。而對于其他類型的文章，如記敘文文體，則要在把握全篇的基礎(chǔ)上對文章進(jìn)行概括和總結(jié)，最后給出文章的主旨大意。這類題要求考生用最簡潔而又內(nèi)容豐富的詞或短語高度概括文章的中心思想。做題的步驟是先找到主題句，通過對主題句進(jìn)行加工、整合或重組，才能得出最佳答案。

　　確定文章的標(biāo)題，其實(shí)質(zhì)是要求對文章作深層次理解，是文章主旨大意的一種升華，這類題往往具有以下特點(diǎn)：

　?、俑爬ㄐ?。標(biāo)題在最大程度上概括全文，體現(xiàn)文章的主旨大意，它是文章主旨大意的一種確認(rèn)方式。因此，在給文章起標(biāo)題時(shí)，要仔細(xì)體會(huì)文章字里行間所蘊(yùn)含的作者的思想態(tài)度，從全局出發(fā)進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)，防止本末倒置，主次不分，以點(diǎn)帶面，以偏概全。

　　確定文章標(biāo)題型

　?、卺槍π浴Ｎ恼聵?biāo)題要有一定的內(nèi)涵和外延界限，不能太大也不宜太小，要量體裁衣，大小適度。

　?、坌涯啃?。文章標(biāo)題是文章的點(diǎn)睛之筆，其恰當(dāng)與否會(huì)影響文章的可讀性，讀者會(huì)根據(jù)標(biāo)題來選讀文章，故標(biāo)題應(yīng)比較醒目，甚至比較離奇，以達(dá)到吸引讀者的目的。

　　判斷推理型考查考生根據(jù)文中全部信息或事實(shí)，在通篇理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的言外之意，并作出正確的推理和判斷。推理判斷題包括理解和推測作者或人物的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度、意圖、身份、情感，對作者或文段所涉及的人物、事件作出評價(jià)等，該題型屬于深層理解試題。與閱讀理解題中的推斷題一樣，簡答題的答案在原文中是不能找到的，它要求考生以文章中的某些詞、整篇文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)、作者的寫作手法等為依據(jù)，進(jìn)行合理的推斷。

　　判斷推理型

　　要準(zhǔn)確理解文段的隱含信息，除了要熟練地掌握基本的語言知識(shí)，準(zhǔn)確理解句子的字面意思外，還要求我們運(yùn)用自己已有的知識(shí)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)，結(jié)合文段的相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行推理、判斷。在題目設(shè)計(jì)中出現(xiàn)的形式有：數(shù)據(jù)推斷題、知識(shí)推斷題、邏輯結(jié)論推斷題、作者情感態(tài)度意圖推斷題等。此類問題常涉及infer, conclude, imply, learn, intend, purpose, attitude等詞。

　　該題常見的設(shè)問方式有：

　?、賅hat can we infer/conclude from the passage?

　?、赪hat can we learn from the passage?

　?、踂hat does the passage imply but doesn't tell us directly?

　　④What's the purpose of the passage?

　?、軼hat's the writer's attitude?

　?、轜hat does the writer suggest in the passage?