【溫馨提示】　過去分詞作狀語同現在分詞作狀語時一樣，其邏輯上的主語就是主句的主語，但所不同的是，過去分詞與主語之間存在被動關系，但有時無被動意味，只是表示一種狀態或動作的完成，而現在分詞與主語之間存在著主動關系。 ③Given_better_attention，the flowers could have grown better.要是照看得好一點，這些花會長得更好。 ④Dressed in white，she looks really pretty. 穿著白衣服，她看起來真美。 ⑤Seeing the photo，he couldn’t help thinking of his good old days.看到那張照片，他禁不住想起了美好的往昔。 3(教材P35)The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study，but this_being_my first_experience，I stayed at the top and watched them. 另外兩人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的巖漿，我是第一次經歷這樣的事，所以留在山頂上觀察他們。 【點津】　this being my first experience 是獨立主格結構。,獨立主格結構的構成方法： n./pron.＋v.-ing/-ed/to do/n./adj./adv./prep.phrase。 其中名詞或代詞起著邏輯主語的作用；另一部分表示狀態、狀況或動作。 獨立主格結構本身不是句子，但在語義上相當于一個句子。在句子中作狀語，表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨等。獨立主格結構一般用逗號與主句分開。 ①The guide leading the way，we had no trouble getting out of the forest.向導領著路，我們毫不費勁地走出了森林。 ②Weather_permitting，we will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天氣允許的話，我們將在明天組織一次海濱旅游。 ③He left the office，tears_in_eyes. 他眼里含著淚水離開了辦公室。 ④He walked into the classroom，his head lowered. 低著頭，他走進教室。 ⑤There being no one else to turn to，I had to come to see you.我沒有其他可以求助的人，只能來找你。 跟蹤訓練 1．Leonardo Da Vinci(1452～1519)________birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. A．is said to be buying B．is said to have bought C．had said to buy

　　D．has said to have bought 解析：選B。本題考查動詞不定式及時態的應用。因為say與主語(人)是動賓關系，所以應用被動語態；再由括號中的時間標志可知應用現在完成時。故選B。 2．It is often ________that human beings are naturally equipped to speak. A．said

　　B．to say C．saying

　　D．being said 解析：選A。句意為：經常聽人說人類天生有說話的能力。It is said that...為固定句式，意為“據說……”。 3．AIDS is said________the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years. A．that it is

　　B．to be C．that it has been

　　D．to have been 解析：選D。句意為：據說，在過去的幾年中，艾滋病對于那個地區的男女來說已是最大的健康挑戰。It is said that從句可轉換為Sb./Sth.be said to do/to be doing/to have done的形式。由此可淘汰A、C兩項，由句子中的時間狀語over the past few years可知要用完成時，所以淘汰B項，故選D。 4．________in the queue for half an hour，the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. A．Waiting

　　B．To wait C．Having waited

　　D．To have waited 解析：選C。本題考查非謂語動詞。根據the old man與wait之間的關系，應該選擇v.ing形式，再根據句意得知他是先“wait”后才“realize”。所以先發生的動作應該用完成式having waited。 5．The children went home from

　　the grammar school，their lessons ________for the day. A．finishing

　　B．finished C．had finished

　　D．were finished 解析：選B。本題考查名詞的獨立主格結構。名詞短語their lessons和動詞finish之間是被動完成關系，故用過去分詞finished。 6．The car burns more fuel，but ________all things into consideration,it’s still a good car. A．taken

　　B．having taken C．taking

　　D．to take 解析：選C。獨立成分作狀語。注意有些分詞短語的形式是固定的，不受上下文影響，因此被稱為獨立成分。句意為：這輛汽車耗油量較大，但是綜合整體情況來看，它仍不失為一部好車。 本部分內容講解結束 按ESC鍵退出全屏播放 解析：選C?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。根據后半句“甚至連警告通知都沒有掃上一眼就走進了森林”可知“這位獵人對自己的安全很確信(sure)”。be curious about“對……好奇”，be anxious about“對……擔心”。 短語精釋 1make one’s way　前往；獲得成功 (教材P35)It was not easy to walk in these suits，but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red，boiling centre. 穿著這些衣服走起路來實在不容易，但我們還是緩緩往火山口的邊緣走去,并且向下看到了紅紅的沸騰的中央。 歸納拓展 fight one’s way 奮力前進 lose one’s way 迷路 feel one’s way 摸索前進 force one’s way 強行前進；擠出去 push one’s way 擠出來 wind one’s way 蜿蜒前進 ①We managed to make our way through the excited crowd. 我們奮力地從激動的人群中擠了出來。 ②I’m glad that he makes his way in his career. 我很高興他在事業上有所進步。 ③Without experience on it，we have to feel_our_way. 由于在這方面沒有經驗，我們必須摸索著前進。 2vary from...to...　由……到……不等 (教材P39)The land varies in height from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.　這里地面的高度由海拔700米到2000多米不等，是多種多樣的珍稀動植物的生長地。 歸納拓展 ①(朗文P2273)The price of seafood varies according to the season.海產品的價格隨季節而變化。 ②Opinions on this matter vary from person to person. 對于這件事，人人意見不一。 ③As in China，the climate in Canada varies，depending on the area.正如中國一樣，加拿大的氣候也因地而異。 ④For various/a_variety_of reasons，he didn’t attend the meeting.因種種原因，他沒參加會議。 跟蹤訓練 Ⅰ.選詞填空 burn to the ground；build up；make one’s way；vary from...to...；feel one’s way 1．Finally he turned round and，slowly began to ____________ back towards the house. 2．The famous hotel on the corner had __________________________ before police arrived. make his way been burnt to the ground 3．There was no moonlight outside.They had to ________________ in the dark. 4．These are

　　relatively large

　　files，____________500K____________1 MB. feel their way varying from to 5．Many a large business has been ____________from a smaller one. built up Ⅱ.單項填空 1．It is obvious that the hopes，goals,fears and desires________ widely between men and women，between the rich and the poor. A．transform

　　B．strengthen C．transfer

　　D．vary 解析：選D。句意為：很明顯男人和女人，富人和窮人在希望、目標、恐懼和欲望方面有很大的不同。vary between...and...由……到……的情況不等。transform“使改觀，使變形；使轉化”；strengthen“(使)變強，加強；使更堅固”；transfer“轉換”。 2．If you want to __________ in the world，you must learn to work hard while you are still young. A．make much of yourself

　　B．make the way out C．make you out

　　D．make your way 解析：選D。根據語境應是“如果你想成功”，故選D。make one’s way除了可表示“到(某地)，(向某地)走去”之外，還可表示“成功；有出息”。make much of sb.“重視”；make sth.out“看清；辨認清楚”；make sb.out “看透；弄懂某人”。 3．—How much will I pay for a night? —Prices __________ from room to room. A．vary

　　B．increase C．divide

　　D．range 解析：選A。vary from...to...“因……而異”。句意為：——住一夜我得付多少錢？——價格因房間而異。 1(教材P39)_It_is_said_that this boy，who had a great gift for languages and persuasion，is the father of the Manchu people.　據說這個男孩就是滿族人的祖先，他具有語言天賦和很強的說服力。 句型精析 【點津】　(1)It is said that...表示“據說……”的意思，實際上it為形式主語,that 引導的為主語從句。相當于People say that...的意思。該結構還可以改變成Sb.is said to do...結構。 (2)注意根據動詞不定式和is said動作之間的時間關系，使用不定式的一般式、進行式或完成式。 ①John is said to be one of the best teachers in the school. ＝It_is_said_that John is one of the best teachers in the school.據說約翰是這個學校最好的老師之一。 ②He is said to have written a new book about workers. ＝It is said that he has written a new book about workers.據說他寫了一本有關工人的新書。 歸納拓展 It is thought that...大家認為…… It is believed that...人們相信…… It is hoped that...人們希望…… It is reported that...據報道…… It is well-known that...眾所周知…… It is generally considered that...大家認為…… It is supposed that...據推測 ③It was reported that more than 180 people had been killed in the fire.據報道，那場大火燒死了180多人。 ④It_is_hoped_that the terrible disease will soon be controlled.人們希望這種可怕的疾病能迅速得到控制。 2(教材P34)Having_collected_and evaluated_the_information，I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. 收集和評估了這些信息之后，我就幫助其他科學家來預測熔巖接著將往何處流去，流速是多少。 【點津】　having collected and evaluated the information是現在分詞的完成式在句中作狀語，表明從句動作發生在主句動作之前。 ①Having answered the teacher’s questions，she sat down and felt much more relaxed. 回答老師的問題后，她坐下來，感到輕松多了。 ②Having_been_separated_from other continents for millions of years，Australia has many plants and animals not found anywhere else in the world. 由于與其他的大洲分離了幾百萬年了,澳大利亞有許多在世界上其他地方都找不到的動植物。 ③In my opinion，the programme is_not_suitable_for children. 依我看來,這個節目兒童不宜。 辨析suit/match/fit suit 多指合乎需要、口味、性格、條件、地位、場合等。 match 多指色調、形狀、性質等方面的搭配。 fit 多指大小、形狀的合適。 巧思妙解 用suit，match，fit填空 (1)These shoes don’t __________ me.Have you got a larger size? fit (2)The color of the clothes __________ a woman at my wife’s age. (3)—How about eight o’clock outside the cinema? —That __________ me fine. matches suits 3panic　vi.& vt.(使人或動物)受驚；驚慌(過去式與過去分詞都為panicked；現在分詞為panicking)　 n. 驚慌；恐慌 (教材P38)I felt very nervous and had to force myself not to panic.　我非常緊張，不得不強迫自己不要驚慌。 歸納拓展

　?、?朗文P1478)Lisa panicked when she heard she might be fired.莉薩聽說自己可能會被解雇后驚慌失措。 ②(牛津P1440)There is no point getting into a panic about the exams.對考試驚慌失措是沒有用的。 ③(朗文P1478)Small business owners are in a panic over whether they will survive. 小企業主們不知道自己能否生存下去,因此惶恐不安。 ④The audience were_thrown_into_a_panic when the fire started.一發生火災，觀眾頓時陷入一片慌亂之中。 4guarantee　vt. 保證……免受損失或傷害；擔保 n. 保證；保證書 (教材P39)If you are lucky enough to visit the Lake of Heaven with your loved one， don’t forget to drop a coin into the clear blue water to guarantee your love will be as deep and lasting as the lake itself.　如果你有幸和你的愛人一起游覽天池，不要忘了向清澈、湛藍的湖中投入一枚硬幣來保證你們的愛情像湖水一樣幽深而長久。 歸納拓展

　?、?朗文P919)Even if you complete your training，I can’t guarantee_you_a_job. 即使你接受完培訓，我也不能擔保你會有工作。 ②(朗文P919)The plan would guarantee health care to all Americans. 這項計劃將保證所有美國人都能享受醫療保健服務。 ③(朗文P919)Going out with friends is guaranteed to cheer you up.和朋友一起出去玩肯定會讓你高興起來。 ④(朗文P919)Can you give_me_a_guarantee_that the work will be finished on time? 你能向我保證工作會按時完成嗎？ 5anxious　adj.憂慮的，不安的 (教材P38)I was so anxious and couldn’t move at first. 我非常擔心，一開始嚇得動彈不得。

　　(1)be anxious for/to do sth.渴望某事/做某事 be anxious(for sb.)to do sth.急于讓某人做…… 歸納拓展

　　(2)be anxious about...為……擔心/擔憂 be anxious that...擔心……(that從句采用should do虛擬語氣，should可以省略) ①(牛津P75)She was_anxious_to finish school and get a job.她渴望畢業找份工作。 ②(浙江高考)My mother always gets a bit anxious if we

　　don’t arrive when

　　we say we will.如果我們不能在我們所說的時間到達，母親總是有點焦慮。 ③I felt_anxious_about/was_anxious about his safety when I heard the news of the train accident. 當我聽到火車事故的消息時，我很擔心他的安全。 ④(牛津P75)If you are worried about your health，share your anxieties with your doctor. 你要是擔心自己的健康，就把自己的憂慮告訴醫生吧。 跟蹤訓練 Ⅰ.完成句子 1．She __________________(十分驚慌)when she thought she’d lost the ticket. got into a real panic 2．Such a life as you describe _____________________(不適合我)． 3．Buying a train ticket two days ahead of time will usually ________________________(保證你有個好座位)． would not suit me guarantee you a good seat 4．We must _____________________ (任命一位新老師)at once to the mountain school. 5．It is reported that there are plenty of graduates ________________(渴求工作)． appoint a new teacher anxious for work Ⅱ.單項填空 1．(2011·高考湖北卷)“Tommy，run！Be quick！The house is on fire！” the mother shouted，with __________ clearly in her voice. A．Anger

　　B．rudeness C．regret

　　D．panic 解析：選D。句意：“湯米，快跑！快點！房子著火了！”媽媽大聲喊著,聲音里顯然帶著恐慌?？疾槊~辨析。房間著火了，媽媽叫孩子趕緊跑出去,從這些信息看，本空應選D，表示“恐慌，驚恐”。A項“憤怒”；B項“粗魯，粗暴”；C項“懊悔，遺憾，抱歉”，都不符合句意。 2．We could go now or this afternoon.Whatever time ________ you best? A．fits

　　B．meets C．satisfies

　　D．suits 解析：選D。句意為：我們可以現在或者今天下午走，哪個時間更適合你？suit指“適合某種安排、需要和目的”,符合題意。fit多指“(大小、形狀)適合,適宜，吻合”；meet “滿足(愿望、要求)，達到(目的)”；satisfy “滿足(欲望)；使某人滿意”。 3．__________ the vacant post，Smith felt very happy and decided to be up to the job. A．Concerning

　　B．Concerned about C．Appointed to

　　D．Applied to 解析：選C。句意為：因為被委任到這個空缺的職位上，史密斯很高興，并決定要勝任這份工作。appointed to是過去分詞短語作狀語。concerning “鑒于；考慮到”；be concerned about“關心”。 4．Food safety __________ to customers,which should be the minimum requirement for the food industry. A．guarantees

　　B．is guaranteed C．is guaranteeing

　　D．guaranteed 解析：選B。考查時態和語態。句意為：保證顧客食品安全應該是對食品行業的最低要求?！笆称钒踩睉撌恰氨槐ＷC”，故B項正確。 5．The hunter was so __________ about his own safety that he didn’t even look at the warning notice before walking in the forest. A．curious

　　B．sad C．sure

　　D．anxious Unit 5　The power of nature ——大自然的力量 基礎盤點自測自評 核心單詞

　　1．When the train began to move quickly，Helen excitedly ____________(揮手)at her friends on the platform. waved 2．Most researchers believe that，in theory，mobile phones are ____________(絕對地)safe. 3．My time is ____________(珍貴的)；I can only give you a few minutes. absolutely precious 4．When he came out of the water，he was____________(顫抖)with cold. 5．She got into a ____________(驚慌)when she found she had lost her necklace. trembling panic 6．Interest is the best teacher，and a lack of interest is a ____________(保證)of failure. 7．A number of ____________(可能的) buyers have expressed interest in the company and placed orders for some of its products. guarantee potential 8．I think you can come any time in the afternoon，if that ____________(適合)you. 9．Tom made a big____________(運氣)in his business，but____________(不幸的是)，he went bankrupt because of his careless investment. suits fortune unfortunately 10．He was____________(憂慮的) to leave and he could not hide his ____________(擔心；焦慮)． anxious anxiety 高頻短語

　　1．________________前往 2．________________

　　匆匆看一遍 3．________________

　　由……到……不等 4．________________

　　生產；產生 5．___________________

　　與……相比 make one’s way glance through vary from...to... give birth to be compared with... 6．________________

　　保護……免受……傷害 7．________________

　　被委派為…… 8．________________

　　全部焚毀 9．________________

　　即將做某事；馬上就要做某事 10．________________

　　查閱，參考，指的是 protect...from... be appointed as... burn to the ground be about to do sth. refer to 典型句式 1．現在分詞作狀語 ___________________________________ _________________________(收集和評估這些信息之后)，I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. Having collected and evaluated the information 2．be about to...when...結構 I ____________________________(正要再睡)when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. 3．獨立主格結構 ..._______________________________ (但這是我的第一次經歷)，I stayed at the top and watched them. was about to go back to sleep but this being my first experience 4．it be＋過去分詞＋that從句 _________________________________(據說)this boy,who had a great gift for languages and persuasion，is the father of the Manchu people. It is said that v．-ing形式 1．(2024·浙江溫州八校聯考)They made a great effort to prepare the exhibition，________to achieve a big success. A．hopedB．hoping C．to hope

　　D．hope 單元語法 解析：選B?？疾榉侵^語動詞。現在分詞作伴隨狀語，表示與主句謂語動詞同時進行。 2．(2011·杭州二次質檢)A powerful earthquake struck Haiti’s capital，________tens of thousands homeless and buried in ruins. A．left

　　B．to leave C．being left

　　D．leaving 解析：選D?？疾榉侵^語動詞。句意為：海地首都發生強烈地震，導致數萬人無家可歸，數萬人被埋在廢墟中?？瞻滋幱矛F在分詞作結果狀語，表示地震發生后自然而然帶來的結果。 3．(2024·湖南炎德、英才、長沙一中聯考)The two old sisters，________so long，held each other and burst into tears. A．being separated

　　B．having separated C．having been separated

　　D．separating 解析：選C?？疾榉侵^語動詞。主語sisters與動詞separated之間為被動關系，且動作發生在謂語動詞held之前,故選C。 4．(2011·綿陽市第二次診斷)________the youth to the rising sun at 8 or 9 o’clock a．m.，Mao Zedong expressed his great hope for the young men. A．Compared

　　B．To compare C．Compare

　　D．Comparing 解析：選D。考查非謂語動詞。從句意和結構上可以看出compare與主語Mao Zedong是主動關系，因此用現在分詞comparing。

　　5．(2011·高考上海卷)At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam.Then I changed my mind，________ that he could do nothing to help. A．to realize

　　B．realized C．realizing

　　D．being realized 解析：選C。句意為：我曾經下決心要和Sam叔叔談談，可后來我改變了想法,意識到他根本幫不上忙?？疾榉侵^語動詞作狀語?？崭裉幏侵^語動詞和邏輯主語Ⅰ之間是主動關系，可排除表被動的B和D兩項；A項不定式通常表目的，在此不符合語境，也被排除。此題中用現在分詞作伴隨狀語，表原因。 考點串講講練互動 單詞精研 1appoint　vt. 約定；指定(時間、地點等)，任命；委任 (教材P34)I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory(HVO)twenty years ago. 我被任命為火山學家去夏威夷火山觀測站工作已經20年了。 歸納拓展 ①(牛津P82)They have appointed a new headmaster at my son’s school.我兒子讀書的學校任命了一位新校長。 ②(牛津P82)They appointed him (as) captain of the English team.他們任命他為英格蘭隊隊長。 ③The time appointed for the meeting was 10∶30. 規定開會的時間是10點30分。 ④(牛津P82)She made_an_appointment_for her son to see the doctor.她為兒子約定了看醫生的時間。 2suit　n. 一套外衣；套裝　vt. 適合；使適宜 (教材P35)It was not easy to walk in these suits，but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red，boiling centre. 穿著這些衣服走起路來實在不容易，但我們還是緩緩往火山口的邊緣走去,并且向下看到了紅紅的沸騰的中央。 (1)suit sb.適合某人 suit...to...使……適合、適應 suit one’s needs 適合需要 (2)a suit of clothes一套衣服 (3)be suitable for sb./sth.適合于某人/某物 be suitable to do sth.適合做某事 歸納拓展