湖南長沙市2024高考英語（二輪）閱讀理解訓(xùn)練（50）及答案

　　閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。

　　體裁：議論文　話題：健康生活　時間：7分鐘

　　A new study suggests you are where you live—at least in terms of weight.

　　A rural address could be a risk factor for being overweight，according to the research published in the fall issue of The Journal of Rural Health.

　　The study，led by researchers at the University of Kansas，analyzed data from the National Center for Health Statistics.They said it is the first in more than 30 years to use actual measurements of height and weight，rather than self-reported data，which can be unreliable.

　　About 70 million Americans，or 23% of the population，live in rural areas.The researchers found that 39.6% of them are obese(肥胖的)，while 33.4% of urban residents are obese.Including overweight people as well，the comparative totals are 70.8% and 67.1%，the study said.

　　The factors at work could be the “cultural diet” of rural America，as well as the isolation(隔離) that often exists，said the lead researcher，Christie Befort，assistant professor of

　　preventive medicine and public health at the University of Kansas Medical Center.

　　That diet includes “rich homemade foods” with lots of meat and desserts，she said.Rural Americans typically consume more fats than their urban counterparts，the study found.

　　Another factor could be the increased mechanization(機械化) of farm work，Befort said.Older generations showed less difference in weight than younger ones—older farmers would have put in more physical labor，she said.

　　“Although some intervention(介入) research has begun to address

　　obesity among rural adults and families，great attention needs to be focused on widespread effective programs in rural areas，which contain some of the largest medically underserved communities in the nation，” the researchers said.

　　【語篇導(dǎo)讀】　肥胖癥的研究有了新的發(fā)現(xiàn)——居住地也是造成肥胖癥的重要因素。39.6%的美國鄉(xiāng)下居民患有肥胖癥，這與油膩的飲食、農(nóng)場機械化、落后的醫(yī)療服務(wù)等有很大的關(guān)系。

　　1．What do we know about the study about weight in the passage?

　　A．The new study is the first study of rural obesity in the past 30 years.

　　B．The new study is the first time to research into the cause of obesity.

　　C．Results in the past years can be inaccurate as they haven't adopted actual measurements.

　　D．The result of the new study is not reliable at all.

　　解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段可知，這個研究分析了國家健康中心的數(shù)據(jù)，是近30年來第一次使用身高和體重的實際測量數(shù)據(jù)，而不是使用未必可靠的“自我報告的數(shù)據(jù)(self-reported data)”，從這些信息可推知，過去的研究數(shù)據(jù)不是很準確，不太可靠。因此選C。

　　答案　C

　　2．What

　　do we know from the fourth paragraph?

　　A．The rural population in America has increased by 23%.

　　B．About 27.72 million rural Americans have the problem of obesity.

　　C．Obese people have moved to live in the countryside for its natural environment.

　　D．23% of the 70 million Americans live in the countryside.

　　解析　推理判斷題。第四段說美國人口的23%，即七千萬美國人，住在農(nóng)村，其中39.6%是肥胖者，因此B正確(39.6%×70 million＝27.72 million)。C項文章未提及，A、D項均是對第四段第一句話的曲解。

　　答案　B

　　3．What does the report suggest to deal with the problem?

　　A．Calling on the farmers to do more physical work.

　　B．Paying attention to widespread effective programs in rural areas.

　　C．Getting farmers connected with each other.

　　D．Persuading people to move to the urban area.

　　解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，研究者認為應(yīng)該更關(guān)注向農(nóng)村——那里有醫(yī)療服務(wù)極其低下的地區(qū)——推廣有效的項目，由此推斷選B。

　　答案　B

　　4．What does the underlined word“address” in the last paragraph mean?

　　A．deal withB．write downC．refer toD．cure

　　解析　猜測詞義題。最后一段研究員介紹了如何應(yīng)對肥胖問題，因此該詞的含義應(yīng)該是“對付，處理”，而不是“治療”。

　　答案　A

　　【長難句解讀】　

　　原文　“Although some intervention(介入) research has begun to address obesity among rural adults and families，great attention needs to be focused on widespread effective programs in rural areas，which contain some of the largest medically underserved communities in the nation，” the researchers said.

　　譯文　研究者稱：“盡管已經(jīng)開始了一些介入性的研究來解決鄉(xiāng)村成年人與家庭的肥胖問題，但也需要關(guān)注向鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)大范圍地推廣有效的項目，在鄉(xiāng)村有些地方醫(yī)療水平極其低下。”

　　分析　Although在句中引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞rural areas。

　　閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。

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　　1. Which course would be helpful for an English beginner?

　　A. High School ESL

　　B. General English

　　C. Night Classes

　　D. Academic English

　　2. How much will you pay if you spend two weeks taking the Night Classes?

　　A. $ 360

　　B. $ 300.

　　C. $600. D. $240.

　　3. If you want to learn more about the courses mentioned in the text，you can

　　A. make a call B. write an email

　　C. visit the website D. submit an application

　　參考答案1—3、BAC

　　2024高考訓(xùn)練題。閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。

　　BIRDS can fly----- this is something that we take for granted. But have you ever thought about how they developed this amazing ability?

　　It may be impossible for us to go back in time in person to witness how it happened，but scientists from Yale University，US，studied the fossils of ancient birds. These fossils are like recorded tapes of ancient times that took the scientists back 150 million years.

　　Back then, there lived a kind of animal known as the Archaeopteryx. It is considered to be the earliest bird because it had feathers and wings-----the key factors for a bird to fly. Meanwhile, it also had features of a reptile，such as teeth in its mouth, claws on its wings，and a long，bony tail，which means the ancestors of birds were probably reptiles.

　　In order to escape from dangerous animals, reptiles leaped from tree to tree. They gradually grew feathers on their arms so they could leap a little farther, then a little farther still. However, they were far from becoming true fliers because their wings and feathers were quite different from those of birds today.

　　Looking closely at the fossils, scientists found that ancient feathers contained many layers of long feathers, like a penguin's. This made the wings rather heavy and difficult for birds to move up and down. “We don't think these things could take off from the ground," said Nicholas Longrich, of Yale University, lead author of the study. “They can’t fly like a modern bird.”

　　This is why scientists concluded that early feathers were only used by birds to glide (滑翔)from high trees, or keep warm, or maybe as camouflage (偽裝),but not flying, according to National Geographic.

　　Over the next millions of years, the evolution of feathers never stopped. Birds developed wings that included a layer of long feathers covered with short feathers on top. This structure allowed birds to separate their feathers more easily to create wider span (翼展）and to change directions in midair. They have also grown special wrist bones so that they can spread their wings when flying and fold them into their sides when walking.

　　"This new research is throwing light not just on how birds came to fly, but more specially on how feathers came to be the way they are today---one of the most amazing and highly specialized structures in nature," said Jakob Vinther, from the University of Bristol UK.

　　1. According to the article, scientists conclude that early birds__________。

　　A. could already fly high B. only used feathers to keep warm

　　C. could only leap and glide

　　D. could easily open their wings wide

　　2. Modern birds are different from their ancestors in that________。

　　A. they have layers of long feathers

　　B. they have special wrist bones so that they can change directions in midair

　　C. they have a layer of long feathers topped with a layer of short feathers

　　D. they have teeth in the mouth and long bony tails

　　3. What is critical in finding out how feathers came to be the way they are?

　　A. Fossils of ancient birds.

　　B. Tapes of old times.

　　C. Comparing features of reptiles and birds.

　　D. Studying bones and structures of modern birds.

　　4. The passage mainly aims to_。

　　A. explore how birds looked 150 million years ago.

　　B. explore how modern birds developed from ancient reptiles.

　　C. list all the fossils of ancient birds recently discovered.

　　D. look at the evolution of feathers that enabled birds to fly.

　　參考答案1—4、CCAD

　　閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。

　　體裁：記敘文　話題：關(guān)愛動物　時間：7分鐘

　　My husband and I had just opened up a pet sitting business earlier that year.Our customers had slowly risen from three to thirty a month.We were busy through those hot summer months，driving between visits.Our services were strictly held at the pet owner's home.It was almost too busy for the two of us，but we were making good money!

　　We asked pet owners new to our services to phone two weeks ahead so we had enough time to meet the owners and pets at their homes and make any following meeting before the owner leaves.

　　One day，we decided to take on a new customer just two days before they would leave.We met the family，filled in a form，and spent some time with their dog，Hercules.He playfully jumped on us and touched our hands and arms using his tongue.The family laughed as he did this，showing us that he was very loving.

　　Two days later I appeared at the house，alone.I came up to Hercules and said hello happily.I filled up his water bowl and cleaned any messes he made.Meanwhile，he was so lovely sitting beside.I thought this would be the good picture to send to the owners，a usual service.After the light and “click” sound went off，Hercules rushed at me.I didn't know what had just happened until I noticed the drops of blood.I ran out and did the only thing—calling my husband.

　　Then I went to neighbors for help.My husband arrived after ten minutes.The helpful

　　neighbor and my husband led Hercules back into his pen(圈)．Then my husband and I took off to the hospital.

　　I must have looked like I was shot when I walked into the hospital.The nurses quickly moved me to a room.I asked the doctor in a weak but playful manner，“Am I going to die？” He replied，“Finally.”

　　【語篇導(dǎo)讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。作者和她丈夫從事給別人看護寵物的工作，工作非常繁忙。有一次，作者外出照看寵物卻發(fā)生了意外。

　　1．According to the text，the author's work was ______.

　　A．tiring and dangerous

　　B．easy and free

　　C．well paid

　　D．done outdoors

　　解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段的最后兩句可知，作者和她丈夫的工作主要是在客戶家里進行的，他們非常忙碌，但是報酬是很高的。故選C項。

　　答案　C

　　2．What did the author often do during her work?

　　A．Cleaning the clients' house.

　　B．Walking the pets outside.

　　C．Bringing the pets to her own house.

　　D．Taking a photo of pets to the owners.

　　解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第五句“I thought this would be the good picture to send to the owners，a usual service.”可知，D項正確。

　　答案　D

　　3．It can be inferred from the text that the author was attacked because ______.

　　A．Hercules feared the sound and flash

　　B．the author attacked Hercules first

　　C．Hercules was very hungry then

　　D．the author treated Hercules badly

　　解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第三句和倒數(shù)第二句可知，在作者拍照的時候，隨著相機發(fā)出閃光和咔嚓聲后，Hercules襲擊了作者。由此可推知，Hercules害怕相機的閃光燈和咔嚓聲。

　　答案　A

　　4．The doctor's answer gave us a sense of ______.

　　A．a(chǎn)nger

　　B．humor

　　C．carelessness

　　D．patience

　　解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，作者問醫(yī)生“我要死了嗎？”，醫(yī)生的回答是“最終會的”可知，作者這次是沒有生命危險的，而醫(yī)生的回答給讀者一種幽默感。

　　答案　B

　　閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, but manners on the road are becoming horrible．Everybody knows that the nicest men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel．It is all right to have a tiger in a cage, but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter altogether.

　　Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too．It takes the most cool-headed drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving．On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling and fighting．A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and calm so necessary in modern traffic condition．But such behaviors of politeness are by no means enough．Many drivers nowadays don’t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.