2024屆高考英語二輪專題檢測精品練習：閱讀理解（26）

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　　高考英語二輪專題檢測精品練習：閱讀理解（26）

　　People diet to look more attractive. Fish diet to avoid being beaten up, thrown out of their social group, and getting eaten as a result. That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientists.

　　The research team have discovered that subordinate fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors. “In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals, a male and female, had breeding （繁殖） rights within the group,” explains Marian Wong. “All other group members are nonbreeding females, each being 5-10% smaller than its next largest competitor. We wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation.”

　　The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the evicted fish is then eaten up.

　　It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish. Whether they did so voluntarily, by restraining how much they ate, was not clear. The research team decided to do an experiment. They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened. To their surprise, the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered, clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights, over having a feast.

　　The discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group. Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves, so keeping their competitors small.

　　While the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious, Dr. Wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understanding how hierarchical （等級的） societies remain stable.

　　The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to humans. “As yet, we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature,” the researchers comment. “Data on human dieting suggests that, while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness, rarely does it improve long-term health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females’ own ideal.”

　　65. When a goby grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it

　　A. faces danger

　　B. has breeding rights

　　C. eats its competitor

　　D. leaves the group itself

　　66. The underlined words “the evicted fish” in Paragraph 3 refer to

　　A. the fish beaten up

　　B. the fish found out

　　C. the fish fattened up

　　D. the fish driven away

　　67. The experiment showed that the smaller fish

　　A. fought over a feast

　　B. went on diet willingly

　　C. preferred some extra food D. challenged the boss fish

　　68. What is the text mainly about?

　　A. Fish dieting and human dieting.

　　B. Dieting and health.

　　C. Human dieting.

　　D. Fish dieting.

　　(2024屆·河北省高考模擬考試)

　　Maybe you have heard the expression—When in Rome，do as the Romans do.So when you want to do business in France，you have to get to know French culture，to make marketing plans，and to run your business by local laws.

　　__1__The French take great pride in their language，so anyone who does not speak it may run the risk of being disrespected by his French colleagues or business partners.Also，another reason why learning French is important is that it is a great way to show every possible French business partner that you care and respect their country’s culture and language.

　　The first thing that you should do when meeting someone

　　new is to shake his hand firmly and always look the person in the eye.In social meetings with friends，kissing is common.

　　__2__The French will sometimes introduce themselves using their surname first，followed by their first name.

　　Dress well.__3__Your business clothing is a reflection of your success and social status.Always try to be tasteful and stylish.Women are advised to dress simply but elegantly.Wearing make-up is practised widely by businesswomen.

　　The French

　　are

　　passionate

　　about

　　food，so

　　lunches

　　are common in doing business in France，which usually consist of an appetizer，a main meal with wine，cheese，dessert and coffee，and normally take up to two hours.__4__

　　Do not begin eating until the host says “bon appetit”．Pass dishes to the left，keep wrists above the table and try to eat everything on the plate.__5__This may suggest that you find the food tasteless.If eating in a restaurant，the person who invites always pays.

　　A．The French draw information about people based on their appearance.

　　B．This is a time for relationship building.

　　C．Remember to be as polite as possible.

　　D．Language should be the focus of anyone planning to do business in France.

　　E．Be careful with adding salt，pepper or sauces to your food.

　　F．Use Monsieur or Madame before the surname.

　　G．Make an appointment with your business partner in advance.

　　You’re sitting on the train home and the person opposite you yawns(打哈欠). Suddenly, you’re yawning with him, though you’re not tired.

　　This phenomenon confused scientists for years until a recent study found that people tend to sympathize with fellow humans. Supporting this claim was the discovery that those children who were unable to form normal emotional ties with others did not experience contagious(有感染力的) yawning, which showed that humans communicate regularly with out words.

　　Hugo Critchley, a neuroscientist, has conducted an experiment recently, which will prove that happiness and sadness can spread like the common cold. According to Critechley, our mind and body are in constant exchange about how we’re feeling. “Emotions are closely linked with states of internal(內部的) responses,” he explained. “ There are also more visible changes in our gestures and facial expression. When we’re in a group, these signals can spread to another person. For example, there’s the obvious tendency to smile when smiled at and there are less obvious changes that reflect emotions of surprise, anger or sadness such as a change in our heart rate and blood pressure.

　　Hugo Critchley further explained, “Our bodies synchronies and when we like the other person, we ever copy his behavior. Next time you chat with a friend, take note fo how you’re sitting— it’s pretty likely that you will be the same. Scientists believe it’s our way of telling each other that we’re partners. Through body language, humans give each other very subtle(微妙的) but clear signals that show emotions.”

　　So, what lessons can we learn from this? “ Spend time with happy people— otherwise your health could suffer,” said Critchley.” When we’re sad, our body goes into fight or flight mode. But when we’re happy, our body works normally and we feel relaxed and positive. So we look bright, our skin glows, we feel healthy and it affects everyone around us.”

　　65. According to Hugo Critchley, ________.

　　A. emotions are as visible as facial expressions

　　B. we yawn more frequently when we have a cold

　　C. emotions are connected with states of internal responses

　　D. the change of blood pressure is not linked with the change of emotions.

　　66. The underlined word “synchronies” in Paragraph 4 means “_____”.

　　A. move slowly

　　B. change rapidly

　　C. relax temporarily

　　D. respond accordingly

　　67. From the passage we can learn ________.

　　A. sadness is as contagious as happiness

　　B. anger is less contagious than friendliness

　　C. surprise is more contagious than smile

　　D. surprise is the most contagious among emotions

　　68. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

　　A. Emotions have delicate influence on fellow humans.

　　B. Children like copying the actions of fellow humans.

　　D. People tend to communicate more with body language.

　　The elephant was lying heavily on its side, fast asleep. A few dogs started barking at it. The elephant woke up in a terrible anger: it chased the dogs into the village where they ran for safety.

　　That didn't stop the elephant. It destroyed a dozen houses and injured several people. The villagers were scared and angry. Then someone suggested calling Parbati, the elephant princess.

　　Parbati Barua's father was a hunter of tigers and an elephant tamer. He taught Parbati to ride an elephant before she could even walk. He also taught her the dangerous art of the elephant round-up -- how to catch wild elephants.

　　Parbati hasn't always lived in the jungle. After a happy childhood hunting with her father, she was sent to boarding school in the city. But Parbati never got used to being there and many years later she went back to her old fife. "Life in the city is too dull. Catching elephants is an adventure and the excitement lasts for days after the chase," she says.

　　But Parbati doesn't catch elephants just for fun. "My work," she says, "is to rescue man from the elephants, and to keep the elephants safe from man. " And this is exactly what Parbati has been doing for many years. Increasingly, the Indian elephant is angry: for many years, illegal hunters have attacked it and its home in the jungle has been reduced to small pieces of land. It is now fighting back. Whenever wild elephants enter a tea garden or a village, Parbati is called to

　　guide the animals back to the jungle before they can kill.

　　The work of an elephant tamer also involves love and devotion. A good elephant tamer will spend hours a day singing love songs to a newly captured elephant. "Eventually they grow to love their tamers and never forget them. They are also more loyal than humans," she said, as she climbed up one of her elephants and sat on the giant, happy animal. An elephant princess indeed!

　　65. For Parbati, catching elephants is mainly to

　　A. get long lasting excitement

　　B. keep both man and elephants safe

　　C. send them back to the jungle

　　D. make the angry elephants tame

　　66. Before Parbati studied in a boarding school,

　　A. she spent her time hunting with her father

　　B. she learned how to sing love songs

　　C. she had already been called an elephant princess

　　D. she was taught how to hunt tigers

　　67. Indian elephants are getting increasingly angry and they revenge because __________.

　　A. they are caught and sent for heavy work

　　B. illegal hunters capture them and kill them

　　C. they are attacked and their land gets limited

　　D. dogs often bark at them and chase them

　　68. The passage starts with an elephant story in order to explain that in India _________.

　　A. people easily fall victim to elephants' attacks

　　B. the man-elephant relationship is getting worse

　　C. elephant tamers are in short supply

　　D. dogs are as powerful as elephants

　　65【答案】A

　　【解析】細節推斷題。從第二段each being 5-10% smaller than its next largest competitor.可以判斷出小于5 - 10%的未來最大的競爭對手。

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】詞義判斷題。由上句it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not，…可以推斷出D的答案。

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】細節判斷題。從第三段最后一句話中可知道，拒絕供給他們額外的食物，而保持小,避免戰斗。故選B。