① 介詞by常用來(lái)表示變化的幅度及大小差距等， 在句中作狀語(yǔ)。

　　After a heavy rain, the water in the river has risen by 30cm. 大雨過(guò)后， 河里的水漲了30厘米。 ②insist在此意為“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”， 賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用陳述語(yǔ)氣。

　　當(dāng)insist意為“堅(jiān)持要求”時(shí)， 賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 漢譯英。 1. 他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒有偷錢包。 He insisted that he didn't steal the wallet.

　　2. 他堅(jiān)持要求我們?cè)琰c(diǎn)出發(fā)。 He insisted that we should set out early.

　　14、Given this data, it_seems_that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.(P6)

　　鑒于這些數(shù)據(jù)，人類活動(dòng)和全球溫度升高的聯(lián)系不僅僅是一個(gè)偶然。

　　It seems that…為固定句型用來(lái)比較婉轉(zhuǎn)地陳述意見、看法、主張或得出結(jié)論。 漢譯英。 1. 似乎沒人能勝任這個(gè)職位。

　　It seems that no one will be fit for the position.

　　2. 看來(lái)我們必須得請(qǐng)醫(yī)生了。

　　It seems that we have to send for a doctor.

　　()(2007·上海卷)With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years.

　　A. discovered B. have discovered

　　C. had been discovered D. have been discovered

　　D　in the last / past ＋ 一段時(shí)間，句中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

　　The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come.(P10) Part1 M8.Unit22 Unit22　Environmental Protection Module8 1、refer to 查閱；提到，涉及；提交 She referred to the subject several times during her speech.

　　在演講中她好幾次提到這個(gè)話題。 英漢互譯。 1. 這件事已經(jīng)結(jié)束了， 所以別再提了。 This matter is finished, so please do not refer to it.

　　2. 關(guān)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題， 請(qǐng)參閱我們的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)。 As to this matter, please refer to the data of our survey.

　　3. These notes refer to the case of a teenage murderer.

　　這些記錄是有關(guān)一樁青少年謀殺案的。 4. Please refer to our catalogue for details of all our products.

　　對(duì)于本公司所有產(chǎn)品的詳細(xì)情況請(qǐng)查閱商品目錄。 2、given prep. 考慮到，鑒于 ① given sth. Given the circumstances, you've coped well.

　　考慮到各種情況，你已經(jīng)算是處理得很好的了。

　?、?given that-clause

　　Given that he can get another chance, he will surely succeed.

　　如果他能再得到一次機(jī)會(huì)的話，他肯定會(huì)成功的。

　　漢譯英。 1. 由于她喜歡孩子，教書看來(lái)是很適合她的工作。

　　Given her interest in children, teaching seems the right job for her.

　　2. 考慮到?jīng)]有多少時(shí)間， 我認(rèn)為他們算是做得不錯(cuò)。 Given that there was so little time, I think they've done a good job.

　　3、sacrifice vt. 用……作祭品；犧牲；獻(xiàn)出 ① sacrifice sth. for sb./sth.

　　He did not hesitate to sacrifice his all for protecting his motherland.

　　他為保衛(wèi)祖國(guó)不惜犧牲自己的一切。 ② sacrifice sth. to do sth. He sacrificed his life to save the child from the fire.

　　他為了從火中救出孩子而犧牲了自己的生命。 ③ n. [C] 祭品；[C]& [U]犧牲 They offered a pig as a sacrifice.

　　他們提供了一頭豬當(dāng)祭品。 made a sacrifice/sacrifices

　　I would never dream of asking you to make such a sacrifice.

　　我從來(lái)沒有想過(guò)讓你作這樣的犧牲。 漢譯英。 1. 她必須犧牲自己， 別無(wú)選擇。 She must sacrifice herself; there was no other way.

　　2. 父母經(jīng)常為他們的孩子做一些犧牲。 Parents often make some sacrifices for their children.

　　3. 不管怎么樣， 犧牲沒有白費(fèi)。 The sacrifice had, at any rate, not been in vain.

　　4、take action 采取行動(dòng) I felt it was time for me to take action.

　　我認(rèn)為該是我采取行動(dòng)的時(shí)候了。

　　① come/go into action 開始戰(zhàn)斗；開始行動(dòng) ② in action 在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中；在活動(dòng)中；在戰(zhàn)斗中 用action的有關(guān)詞組填空。 1. We watched the machine in action.

　　2. They got permission to take action in self-defence.

　　3. Are you ready? We will go into action at midnight.

　　apart from, besides, but與except ① apart from既可以表示“除……是個(gè)例外”， 還可表示“包括……在其中”的意思；也就是說(shuō)， 它既可以代替besides也可以代替except。

　　No one has passed the difficult exam, apart from the new student.

　　＝No one has passed the difficult exam except the new student. 除了新來(lái)的那個(gè)學(xué)生外， 沒有人通過(guò)這次艱難的考試。 5、 ② besides作介詞用時(shí)意思是“除了……之外還有”。

　　The boy works hard at his lesson besides being intelligent. 那男孩除了腦子聰明以外， 學(xué)習(xí)也很用功。 ③ but作介詞用時(shí)的意思是“除了……之外”， 相當(dāng)于except, 但它前面一般是不定代詞。 He never told me anything but his work.

　　除了工作， 他不和我說(shuō)任何事情。 ④ except作介詞時(shí)的意思是“除了……外”。

　　We go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday. 我們除了星期六和星期天不上學(xué)外， 其他的日子都上學(xué)。 完成句子。 1.除了足球， 我還喜歡打籃球和排球。

　　Besides football, I like playing basketball and volleyball.

　　2.這輛汽車，除了添麻煩什么用處也沒有。 This car's been nothing but trouble.

　　3.我們班除了湯姆之外， 其他人都通過(guò)了期末考試。

　　Everyone in our class has passed the final exam except Tom.

　　occasion,

　　circumstance, situation與scene ① occasion多作可數(shù)名詞， 意為“特殊的大事， 特殊的場(chǎng)合， 特殊的時(shí)刻；時(shí)機(jī)， 機(jī)會(huì)等”。

　　A wedding is a big family occasion.

　　婚禮是家庭中的一件大事。 6、 ②circumstance意為“情況， 環(huán)境”，常與介詞in, under搭配。

　　She did the job well in the circumstances.

　　在那種情況下，她干得很出色。 ③situation意為“形勢(shì)， 局面”，常與介詞in搭配。

　　The company is in a poor financial situation.

　　該公司經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況艱難。 ④scene意為“(事故或事情的)發(fā)生地點(diǎn)”， on the scene 意為“在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)”。 用occasion, circumstance, situation與scene填空。 1.Under no circumstances are you to leave the house.

　　2.He's in a difficult situation and doesn't know what to do.

　　3.Reporters were soon on the scene after the accident.

　　4.He turned his back on the occasion of seeing the film.

　　7、arm ① n. 手臂；手臂狀的東西；武器(均用復(fù)數(shù)形式)；狹長(zhǎng)地帶 I saw him walking with a girl on his arm.

　　我看見他手臂上挽著一位姑娘走著。 He turned and walked down the arm of the hall.

　　他轉(zhuǎn)身沿著從大廳通往房間的過(guò)道走去。 His armed forces are equipped mostly with American arms. 他的武裝部隊(duì)大部分配備有美國(guó)武器裝備。 ② vt. 武裝 He said both sides are arming themselves.

　　他說(shuō)雙方都在武裝自己。 猜猜下列句子中黑體部分的意思。 (

　　C )1. The boys ran down the road arm in arm. ( A )2. The country kept 50, 000 men under arms at all times.

　　( D )3. The majority of their soldiers simply laid down their arms. ( B )4. The people were quick to take up arms to defend their freedom.

　　A.在備戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)　

　　B. 拿起武器， 準(zhǔn)備戰(zhàn)斗　 C. 手挽手地　

　　D. 放下武器， 投降 8、turn on

　　①襲擊， 攻擊

　　His normally placid dog turned on him and bit him in the leg. 他那條狗平日很溫順， 這次突然攻擊他，咬了他的腿。 ②打開， 擰開

　　He forgot to turn on the radio and thus missed the program.

　　他忘了打開收音機(jī)， 因此錯(cuò)過(guò)了那個(gè)節(jié)目。 漢譯英。 1. 你們?yōu)槭裁炊纪蝗粵_我來(lái)了(批評(píng)或責(zé)備我)? Why are you all turning on me (criticizing/blaming me)? 2. 墻上有一開電燈的開關(guān)。 There is a switch on the wall for turning on the lights.

　　9、construct vt.

　?、?建造， 修建 This factory was constructed by our company.

　　這家工廠是由我們公司建造的。 ② 編寫， 構(gòu)思

　　It is quite a long elaborate play, and is constructed rather like a Greek play.

　　它是一部相當(dāng)精美的長(zhǎng)劇， 構(gòu)思很像希臘劇。 ① construction n. 建造， 建設(shè)(不可數(shù)名詞)；建筑物；(句子、短語(yǔ)等的)結(jié)構(gòu)

　　under construction (正在)修建

　　The new skyscraper is still under/being construction.

　　新的摩天大樓還在建造中。 ② constructor n. 建筑者；建造者 ③ constructive adj. 建設(shè)性的 漢譯英。 1. 修建一座大橋大約需要兩年的時(shí)間。

　　It takes about two years to construct a large bridge.

　　2. 這是個(gè)構(gòu)思很巧妙的故事。

　　It is a cleverly constructed story. 10、flee (fled, fled) ① vt. 逃離 flee the village ② vi. 逃離(某地)；迅速消散， 消失 Many German artists fled to America at the beginning of World War Ⅱ. 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)初期， 很多德國(guó)藝術(shù)家逃到了美國(guó)。 Mists fled before the rising sun. 日出霧散。 漢譯英。 1. 我們被迫逃離這個(gè)國(guó)家。

　　We were forced to flee the country.

　　2. 當(dāng)我們的人到達(dá)時(shí)， 敵人已逃離村子了。

　　The enemies had fled the village when our men arrived.

　　3. 驚恐萬(wàn)分的人們逃離了火災(zāi)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。

　　The frightened people fled from the fire. considerate與considerable ①considerate考慮周到的， 體貼的，常與of/to/towards連用。

　　It was considerate of you to bring me so much food and clothes.

　　你考慮得真周到， 給我?guī)н@么多吃的和穿的。 11、

　　We young generation should be considerate towards the happiness of the old.

　　我們年青一代應(yīng)該考慮到老人們的幸福。 ② considerable 值得考慮的， 重要的， 可觀的， 相當(dāng)?shù)模?該詞往往作定語(yǔ)。

　　There was a considerable growth of education in China in the 1990s. 在20世紀(jì)90年代， 中國(guó)的教育有了相當(dāng)大的發(fā)展。 用considerate, considerable填空。 1. I have given considerable thought to the matter.

　　2. It is considerate of you to let us know you were going to be late.

　　3. Mr. Smith was a considerable figure in local politics.

　　4. He is no more considerate of others than his brother is.

　　5. The losses are considerable.

　　12、with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

　　with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成形式是：with＋賓語(yǔ)(由名詞或代詞充當(dāng))＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(由現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、不定式、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng))。 用法詳見語(yǔ)法部分考點(diǎn)8非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 ① with＋n./pron. ＋adv.

　?、?with＋n./pron. ＋prep. phrase ③ with＋n./pron. ＋adj.

　　④ with＋n./pron. ＋to do ⑤ with＋n./pron. ＋doing(表伴隨) ⑥ with＋n./pron. ＋done 用with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)完成句子。 1. The child likes to sleep with the window open (開著窗).

　　2. With the old man leading the road (由于有這位老人帶路), we had no trouble in finding the place.

　　3. All the afternoon he worked with the door locked (鎖著門).

　　4. The woman with a baby in her arms (抱著孩子) is my aunt from Shanghai.

　　5. With the temperature falling down (要是體溫降下來(lái)),

　　the patient can take the medicine.

　　13、Over the last 100 years, the global average temperature has increased by 1℉ and many experts insist that the blame for this global warming can mostly be pinned on human activities.(P3) 在過(guò)去的100年里，全球的平均溫度增加了1華氏度，許多專家堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，在很大程度上，人類的活動(dòng)要對(duì)全球變暖負(fù)責(zé)。

　　in/over the last/past…years, 意為“在過(guò)去的……年中”， 在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)， 主句通常會(huì)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

　?、?介詞by常用來(lái)表示變化的幅度及大小差距等， 在句中作狀語(yǔ)。

　　After a heavy rain, the water in the river has risen by 30cm. 大雨過(guò)后， 河里的水漲了30厘米。 ②insist在此意為“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”， 賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用陳述語(yǔ)氣。

　　當(dāng)insist意為“堅(jiān)持要求”時(shí)， 賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 漢譯英。 1. 他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒有偷錢包。 He insisted that he didn't steal the wallet.

　　2. 他堅(jiān)持要求我們?cè)琰c(diǎn)出發(fā)。 He insisted that we should set out early.

　　14、Given this data, it_seems_that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.(P6)

　　鑒于這些數(shù)據(jù)，人類活動(dòng)和全球溫度升高的聯(lián)系不僅僅是一個(gè)偶然。

　　It seems that…為固定句型用來(lái)比較婉轉(zhuǎn)地陳述意見、看法、主張或得出結(jié)論。 漢譯英。 1. 似乎沒人能勝任這個(gè)職位。

　　It seems that no one will be fit for the position.

　　2. 看來(lái)我們必須得請(qǐng)醫(yī)生了。

　　It seems that we have to send for a doctor.

　　()(2007·上海卷)With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years.

　　A. discovered B. have discovered

　　C. had been discovered D. have been discovered

　　D　in the last / past ＋ 一段時(shí)間，句中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

　　The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come.(P10) Part1 M8.Unit22 Unit22　Environmental Protection Module8 1、refer to 查閱；提到，涉及；提交 She referred to the subject several times during her speech.

　　在演講中她好幾次提到這個(gè)話題。 英漢互譯。 1. 這件事已經(jīng)結(jié)束了， 所以別再提了。 This matter is finished, so please do not refer to it.

　　2. 關(guān)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題， 請(qǐng)參閱我們的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)。 As to this matter, please refer to the data of our survey.

　　3. These notes refer to the case of a teenage murderer.

　　這些記錄是有關(guān)一樁青少年謀殺案的。 4. Please refer to our catalogue for details of all our products.

　　對(duì)于本公司所有產(chǎn)品的詳細(xì)情況請(qǐng)查閱商品目錄。 2、given prep. 考慮到，鑒于 ① given sth. Given the circumstances, you've coped well.

　　考慮到各種情況，你已經(jīng)算是處理得很好的了。

　?、?given that-clause

　　Given that he can get another chance, he will surely succeed.

　　如果他能再得到一次機(jī)會(huì)的話，他肯定會(huì)成功的。

　　漢譯英。 1. 由于她喜歡孩子，教書看來(lái)是很適合她的工作。

　　Given her interest in children, teaching seems the right job for her.

　　2. 考慮到?jīng)]有多少時(shí)間， 我認(rèn)為他們算是做得不錯(cuò)。 Given that there was so little time, I think they've done a good job.

　　3、sacrifice vt. 用……作祭品；犧牲；獻(xiàn)出 ① sacrifice sth. for sb./sth.

　　He did not hesitate to sacrifice his all for protecting his motherland.

　　他為保衛(wèi)祖國(guó)不惜犧牲自己的一切。 ② sacrifice sth. to do sth. He sacrificed his life to save the child from the fire.

　　他為了從火中救出孩子而犧牲了自己的生命。 ③ n. [C] 祭品；[C]& [U]犧牲 They offered a pig as a sacrifice.

　　他們提供了一頭豬當(dāng)祭品。 made a sacrifice/sacrifices

　　I would never dream of asking you to make such a sacrifice.

　　我從來(lái)沒有想過(guò)讓你作這樣的犧牲。 漢譯英。 1. 她必須犧牲自己， 別無(wú)選擇。 She must sacrifice herself; there was no other way.

　　2. 父母經(jīng)常為他們的孩子做一些犧牲。 Parents often make some sacrifices for their children.

　　3. 不管怎么樣， 犧牲沒有白費(fèi)。 The sacrifice had, at any rate, not been in vain.

　　4、take action 采取行動(dòng) I felt it was time for me to take action.

　　我認(rèn)為該是我采取行動(dòng)的時(shí)候了。

　　① come/go into action 開始戰(zhàn)斗；開始行動(dòng) ② in action 在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中；在活動(dòng)中；在戰(zhàn)斗中 用action的有關(guān)詞組填空。 1. We watched the machine in action.

　　2. They got permission to take action in self-defence.

　　3. Are you ready? We will go into action at midnight.

　　apart from, besides, but與except ① apart from既可以表示“除……是個(gè)例外”， 還可表示“包括……在其中”的意思；也就是說(shuō)， 它既可以代替besides也可以代替except。

　　No one has passed the difficult exam, apart from the new student.

　?。絅o one has passed the difficult exam except the new student. 除了新來(lái)的那個(gè)學(xué)生外， 沒有人通過(guò)這次艱難的考試。 5、 ② besides作介詞用時(shí)意思是“除了……之外還有”。

　　The boy works hard at his lesson besides being intelligent. 那男孩除了腦子聰明以外， 學(xué)習(xí)也很用功。 ③ but作介詞用時(shí)的意思是“除了……之外”， 相當(dāng)于except, 但它前面一般是不定代詞。 He never told me anything but his work.

　　除了工作， 他不和我說(shuō)任何事情。 ④ except作介詞時(shí)的意思是“除了……外”。

　　We go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday. 我們除了星期六和星期天不上學(xué)外， 其他的日子都上學(xué)。 完成句子。 1.除了足球， 我還喜歡打籃球和排球。

　　Besides football, I like playing basketball and volleyball.

　　2.這輛汽車，除了添麻煩什么用處也沒有。 This car's been nothing but trouble.

　　3.我們班除了湯姆之外， 其他人都通過(guò)了期末考試。

　　Everyone in our class has passed the final exam except Tom.

　　occasion,

　　circumstance, situation與scene ① occasion多作可數(shù)名詞， 意為“特殊的大事， 特殊的場(chǎng)合， 特殊的時(shí)刻；時(shí)機(jī)， 機(jī)會(huì)等”。

　　A wedding is a big family occasion.

　　婚禮是家庭中的一件大事。 6、 ②circumstance意為“情況， 環(huán)境”，常與介詞in, under搭配。

　　She did the job well in the circumstances.

　　在那種情況下，她干得很出色。 ③situation意為“形勢(shì)， 局面”，常與介詞in搭配。

　　The company is in a poor financial situation.

　　該公司經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況艱難。 ④scene意為“(事故或事情的)發(fā)生地點(diǎn)”， on the scene 意為“在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)”。 用occasion, circumstance, situation與scene填空。 1.Under no circumstances are you to leave the house.

　　2.He's in a difficult situation and doesn't know what to do.

　　3.Reporters were soon on the scene after the accident.

　　4.He turned his back on the occasion of seeing the film.

　　7、arm ① n. 手臂；手臂狀的東西；武器(均用復(fù)數(shù)形式)；狹長(zhǎng)地帶 I saw him walking with a girl on his arm.

　　我看見他手臂上挽著一位姑娘走著。 He turned and walked down the arm of the hall.

　　他轉(zhuǎn)身沿著從大廳通往房間的過(guò)道走去。 His armed forces are equipped mostly with American arms. 他的武裝部隊(duì)大部分配備有美國(guó)武器裝備。 ② vt. 武裝 He said both sides are arming themselves.

　　他說(shuō)雙方都在武裝自己。 猜猜下列句子中黑體部分的意思。 (

　　C )1. The boys ran down the road arm in arm. ( A )2. The country kept 50, 000 men under arms at all times.

　　( D )3. The majority of their soldiers simply laid down their arms. ( B )4. The people were quick to take up arms to defend their freedom.

　　A.在備戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)　

　　B. 拿起武器， 準(zhǔn)備戰(zhàn)斗　 C. 手挽手地　

　　D. 放下武器， 投降 8、turn on

　　①襲擊， 攻擊

　　His normally placid dog turned on him and bit him in the leg. 他那條狗平日很溫順， 這次突然攻擊他，咬了他的腿。 ②打開， 擰開

　　He forgot to turn on the radio and thus missed the program.

　　他忘了打開收音機(jī)， 因此錯(cuò)過(guò)了那個(gè)節(jié)目。 漢譯英。 1. 你們?yōu)槭裁炊纪蝗粵_我來(lái)了(批評(píng)或責(zé)備我)? Why are you all turning on me (criticizing/blaming me)? 2. 墻上有一開電燈的開關(guān)。 There is a switch on the wall for turning on the lights.

　　9、construct vt.

　?、?建造， 修建 This factory was constructed by our company.

　　這家工廠是由我們公司建造的。 ② 編寫， 構(gòu)思

　　It is quite a long elaborate play, and is constructed rather like a Greek play.

　　它是一部相當(dāng)精美的長(zhǎng)劇， 構(gòu)思很像希臘劇。 ① construction n. 建造， 建設(shè)(不可數(shù)名詞)；建筑物；(句子、短語(yǔ)等的)結(jié)構(gòu)

　　under construction (正在)修建

　　The new skyscraper is still under/being construction.

　　新的摩天大樓還在建造中。 ② constructor n. 建筑者；建造者 ③ constructive adj. 建設(shè)性的 漢譯英。 1. 修建一座大橋大約需要兩年的時(shí)間。

　　It takes about two years to construct a large bridge.

　　2. 這是個(gè)構(gòu)思很巧妙的故事。

　　It is a cleverly constructed story. 10、flee (fled, fled) ① vt. 逃離 flee the village ② vi. 逃離(某地)；迅速消散， 消失 Many German artists fled to America at the beginning of World War Ⅱ. 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)初期， 很多德國(guó)藝術(shù)家逃到了美國(guó)。 Mists fled before the rising sun. 日出霧散。 漢譯英。 1. 我們被迫逃離這個(gè)國(guó)家。

　　We were forced to flee the country.

　　2. 當(dāng)我們的人到達(dá)時(shí)， 敵人已逃離村子了。

　　The enemies had fled the village when our men arrived.

　　3. 驚恐萬(wàn)分的人們逃離了火災(zāi)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。

　　The frightened people fled from the fire. considerate與considerable ①considerate考慮周到的， 體貼的，常與of/to/towards連用。

　　It was considerate of you to bring me so much food and clothes.

　　你考慮得真周到， 給我?guī)н@么多吃的和穿的。 11、

　　We young generation should be considerate towards the happiness of the old.

　　我們年青一代應(yīng)該考慮到老人們的幸福。 ② considerable 值得考慮的， 重要的， 可觀的， 相當(dāng)?shù)模?該詞往往作定語(yǔ)。

　　There was a considerable growth of education in China in the 1990s. 在20世紀(jì)90年代， 中國(guó)的教育有了相當(dāng)大的發(fā)展。 用considerate, considerable填空。 1. I have given considerable thought to the matter.

　　2. It is considerate of you to let us know you were going to be late.

　　3. Mr. Smith was a considerable figure in local politics.

　　4. He is no more considerate of others than his brother is.

　　5. The losses are considerable.

　　12、with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

　　with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成形式是：with＋賓語(yǔ)(由名詞或代詞充當(dāng))＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(由現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、不定式、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng))。 用法詳見語(yǔ)法部分考點(diǎn)8非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 ① with＋n./pron. ＋adv.

　?、?with＋n./pron. ＋prep. phrase ③ with＋n./pron. ＋adj.

　　④ with＋n./pron. ＋to do ⑤ with＋n./pron. ＋doing(表伴隨) ⑥ with＋n./pron. ＋done 用with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)完成句子。 1. The child likes to sleep with the window open (開著窗).

　　2. With the old man leading the road (由于有這位老人帶路), we had no trouble in finding the place.

　　3. All the afternoon he worked with the door locked (鎖著門).

　　4. The woman with a baby in her arms (抱著孩子) is my aunt from Shanghai.

　　5. With the temperature falling down (要是體溫降下來(lái)),

　　the patient can take the medicine.

　　13、Over the last 100 years, the global average temperature has increased by 1℉ and many experts insist that the blame for this global warming can mostly be pinned on human activities.(P3) 在過(guò)去的100年里，全球的平均溫度增加了1華氏度，許多專家堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，在很大程度上，人類的活動(dòng)要對(duì)全球變暖負(fù)責(zé)。

　　in/over the last/past…years, 意為“在過(guò)去的……年中”， 在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)， 主句通常會(huì)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。