人教版2024高考英語(yǔ)全套解析一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件:語(yǔ)法精要11 名詞性從句

7.賓語(yǔ)從句中that的省略 that在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),很多情況下都可省略。但在下列情況下一般不可省略:如在動(dòng)詞answer,imply后一般不可省。that也常出現(xiàn)在像convince sb.that;inform sb.that;remind sb.that;tell sb.that等之后。在較長(zhǎng)的句子里,特別在動(dòng)詞后跟兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),第一個(gè)that可省,第二個(gè)或第三個(gè)that不可省。如: Everybody knows(that)money doesn't grow on
trees. 每個(gè)人都知道錢不是長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)上的。 The man told me (that)how much he was prepared to pay for my car and that I could have the money without delay. 那個(gè)人告訴我他準(zhǔn)備為我的車付多少錢,并且我可以馬上拿到錢。 8.賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移 在believe,think,imagine,suppose等動(dòng)詞之后的賓語(yǔ)從句中,若從句為否定意義,通常把否定形式從that從句轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中(僅限于主句的主語(yǔ)為第一人稱I,we)。
請(qǐng)比較下面兩句英、漢表達(dá)方式的不同: I don't believe she'll arrive before 7:00. 我相信她七點(diǎn)以前不會(huì)到達(dá)。 I don't suppose you can help us. 我想你幫不了我們。
1.注意知識(shí)積累,掌握基本句型。 高考備考時(shí),應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)從句語(yǔ)法特征和語(yǔ)意特征的思考和學(xué)習(xí),形成純正的英語(yǔ)思維能力。注意相似句型的積累,比較其結(jié)構(gòu)和意義。在平日的閱讀過(guò)程中,遇到從句的時(shí)候,考慮分析其功能和意義。例如: ________is no chance that they'll show up at the party. A.ThatB.There C.It
D.This [解析]在英語(yǔ)中有很多句型用It is...或There is...開(kāi)頭。There is no chance that“沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)……”,為固定句型。句意:他們沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)在晚會(huì)上露面。show up“出現(xiàn),到場(chǎng),露面”。此題不要誤選C項(xiàng)。 [答案]B 2.分析句子成分,判斷從句功能。 遇到考查句法的題目時(shí),要通讀全句,首先考慮是不是某種句型,如強(qiáng)調(diào)句型;題干句若是疑問(wèn)句,首先把它恢復(fù)為正常語(yǔ)序;觀察設(shè)空的前前后后,確定相關(guān)從句的性質(zhì);確定從句性質(zhì)后,回憶相關(guān)從句的用法特點(diǎn),從而做出取舍;注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)和并列連詞(and,but)的作用;將選項(xiàng)代入句子,看前后是否語(yǔ)意貫通。例如: (2010·上海春招)There is no obvious evidence________there is life on any other planet in the solar system. A.which
B.that C.how
D.where [解析]
此處是that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)evidence進(jìn)行具體的說(shuō)明,不是定語(yǔ)從句。句意:沒(méi)有明顯的證據(jù)表明在太陽(yáng)系的其他行星上有生命存在。 [答案]B
語(yǔ)法精要十一 名詞性從句
1.主語(yǔ)從句 (1)主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語(yǔ)。引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的詞如下: who,that,which,what,when,where,how,whether,why,whoever,whichever,whatever等。如: What I want to drink is coffee.我想喝的是咖啡。
That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time. 長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)我聽(tīng)到的最好的消息就是你要去倫敦。 When they will come hasn't been made public. 他們來(lái)的時(shí)間沒(méi)有公布。 Whatever you want can be found here. 你在這里可以找到任何你想要的。
(2)主語(yǔ)從句可以放在句子后面,而用it作形式主語(yǔ)放在句首,尤其是that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句常用于此種句式中,即:It+be+adj./n.+that-clause。但what,whatever,whoever,whichever引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句一般不后置。如: It is possible that I may not be able to come. 我有可能不能來(lái)了。 It is a pity that you missed such a fine talk. 很遺憾你錯(cuò)過(guò)了如此美好的談話。 (3)whoever,whatever,whichever引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句:whoever相當(dāng)于anyone who,表明泛指關(guān)系,表示“任何……的人都,凡是……的人都”。如: Whoever comes will be welcome. 誰(shuí)來(lái)都會(huì)歡迎。 whatever相當(dāng)于anything that,表示“所……的一切,無(wú)論……”。如: Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 在這里所說(shuō)的一切都要保密。 whichever意為“無(wú)論哪個(gè);無(wú)論哪些”。既可指人,也可指物;既可單獨(dú)使用,也可修飾名詞,也可以跟of短語(yǔ)連用。如:
Whichever of us fulfils his task first will lend a helping hand to others. 無(wú)論我們中哪一個(gè)先完成了任務(wù)都將幫助其他人。 Whichever book you choose doesn't matter to me. 你選哪本書(shū)不關(guān)我的事。 2.賓語(yǔ)從句 (1)賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語(yǔ)。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的詞如下: that,what,whether,if,where,when,whatever,whoever等。如: We must find out who did all this. 我們必須查明誰(shuí)做了這個(gè)。 I'm wondering if the letter is overweight. 我擔(dān)心這封信是否超重。 He walked to where I stood. 他朝我站的地方走過(guò)來(lái)。 I don't think you are right.我認(rèn)為你不正確。 (2)由whatever,whichever,whoever,whosever引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如: You may do whatever(anything that) you like. 你可以做任何你喜歡的事。 Return the book to whosever(anyone whose) name is on it. 把書(shū)還給書(shū)上寫(xiě)名字的人。 I'll read whichever book (any that) I like. 我將讀我喜歡的書(shū)。 (3)介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。如: Tom is a nice boy,except that he is sometimes late for school. 湯姆是個(gè)很棒的男孩,除了有時(shí)上學(xué)遲到。 I always think of how I can improve my spoken English. 我總是在考慮如何提高口語(yǔ)。 The teacher is pleased with what she has said. 老師很高興聽(tīng)到她說(shuō)的話。 (4)形容詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句(that可省略)。如: I'm afraid(that)I can't accept your invitation. 恐怕我不能接受你的邀請(qǐng)。 We're glad that our football team has won the match. 我們很高興我們的足球隊(duì)贏了比賽。
They're surprised that he has left without saying good-bye. 他沒(méi)有說(shuō)再見(jiàn)就離開(kāi)了,這讓他們很吃驚。 (5)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。如: Realizing that it was just a difference in the custom,the foreigner smiled and said nothing. 當(dāng)外國(guó)人意識(shí)到這只是習(xí)慣上的不同,就笑笑什么也沒(méi)說(shuō)。 On being asked whether he had had any good food in Italy,he answered“Terrible”. 當(dāng)被問(wèn)到他是否在意大利享受過(guò)美食時(shí),他回答“很糟”。 (6)賓語(yǔ)從句中的形式賓語(yǔ)it。 在“及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)中,賓語(yǔ)如果是由從句來(lái)?yè)?dān)任,則通常放在賓補(bǔ)的后面,用形式賓語(yǔ)it來(lái)代替它,此時(shí),that一般不可省。如: I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the plan. 我很清楚,我已下定決心實(shí)施這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。
I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們應(yīng)花更多時(shí)間練習(xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)。 (7)賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣: ①desire愿望,demand要求,insist堅(jiān)決要求,order命令,request請(qǐng)求,suggest建議,propose提議、建議等詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)形式:should+do,should可以省略。如:
He insisted that she (should) stay here for another week. 他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為她應(yīng)該在這再待一周。 They suggested that we (should) start at once. 他們建議我們立即開(kāi)始。 ②wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 3.表語(yǔ)從句 (1)that和what引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別: that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí),充當(dāng)連詞的作用,沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義,不作句子成分;what引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句,既充當(dāng)連接代詞的作用,又作句子成分。如: Our plan is that we'll go there once a week. 我們的計(jì)劃是我們一周去一次。 That's what he said.那就是他說(shuō)的話。 (2)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí),用whether,不能用if。如: The question is whether he has signed the contract.(不能用if) 問(wèn)題是他是否已經(jīng)簽了合同。
(3)reason后面的表語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo);定語(yǔ)從句用why或that引導(dǎo)。請(qǐng)比較下面兩個(gè)復(fù)合句: The reason why we don't trust him is that he has often lied. 我們不信任他的原因是他經(jīng)常撒謊。 You must tell him the reason why/that you won't accept his offer. 你必須告訴他你不接受他報(bào)價(jià)的原因。 (4)由連接副詞引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。如: That is where the great writer used to live. 那就是大作家以前住的地方。 That is why he didn't pass the exam. 那就是他沒(méi)通過(guò)考試的原因。 That was when I was thirty. 那就是我30歲的時(shí)候。 (5)表語(yǔ)從句還可用as,as if/though引導(dǎo)。如: Things were not as they seemed. 事情并不像他們看到的那樣。 It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去好像要下雨了。 as if引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用陳述語(yǔ)氣,也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如: When a man loses consciousness,it looks as if he were dead. 當(dāng)一個(gè)人失去知覺(jué),他看上去像死了。 4.同位語(yǔ)從句 (1)同位語(yǔ)從句常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt等名詞的后面,是對(duì)前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步的解釋,說(shuō)明前面的名詞的具體的含義。如: The hope that he may recover is not gone yet. 他恢復(fù)的希望還沒(méi)有破滅。
The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.(if不能代替whether來(lái)引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句) 是否我們應(yīng)該繼續(xù)做實(shí)驗(yàn)的問(wèn)題已經(jīng)解決了。 I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他將何時(shí)回來(lái)。 (2)同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別: 同位語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)前面名詞的內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步的解釋、說(shuō)明,引導(dǎo)詞只起引導(dǎo)作用,不在句中作任何成分,一般不可省略。定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)前面名詞進(jìn)行修飾、限制,引導(dǎo)詞在句中作一定的句子成分。如: The news that_they_had_won_the_game soon spread over the whole school. 他們贏得比賽的消息很快就傳遍了整個(gè)學(xué)校。(此句為同位語(yǔ)從句,進(jìn)一步解釋“the news”的內(nèi)容) The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 你昨天告訴我的消息真的很令人失望。(此句是定語(yǔ)從句,它指的是“你昨天告訴我的那個(gè)消息”) 5.whether與if在名詞性從句中的用法區(qū)別 (1)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí) whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句可放在句首,也可放在后面,但if引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句一般放在句尾。如: Whether I'll go there is not decided. 是否我將去那還沒(méi)決定。 It is not decided whether/if I'll go there. 是否我將去那還沒(méi)決定。
(2)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí) whether與if引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),大多數(shù)情況下可換用。但作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),只能用whether;后面直接跟不定式時(shí),只能用whether;在與or not連用時(shí)也只能用whether。如: It all depends on whether they will support us. 這完全取決于他們是否支持我們。 He doesn't know whether to stay or not. 他不知道是否要留下。 He wants to know whether or not we want dinner. 他想知道我們是否想吃飯。(但可說(shuō):He wants to know if/whether we want any dinner or not.) 6.what與that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí),表示“所……的(東西)”,并且在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分;而that作為連詞,引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí),其本身沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義,不充當(dāng)句子成分,通常不可省略。如:
What she was afraid of was their taking her daughter
abroad. 她害怕的是他們帶她女兒出國(guó)。 That he will refuse the offer is unlikely. 他不可能拒絕這個(gè)報(bào)價(jià)。 It is reported that three people were killed in the
accident. 據(jù)報(bào)道,三個(gè)人在這起事故中死亡。
7.賓語(yǔ)從句中that的省略 that在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),很多情況下都可省略。但在下列情況下一般不可省略:如在動(dòng)詞answer,imply后一般不可省。that也常出現(xiàn)在像convince sb.that;inform sb.that;remind sb.that;tell sb.that等之后。在較長(zhǎng)的句子里,特別在動(dòng)詞后跟兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),第一個(gè)that可省,第二個(gè)或第三個(gè)that不可省。如: Everybody knows(that)money doesn't grow on
trees. 每個(gè)人都知道錢不是長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)上的。 The man told me (that)how much he was prepared to pay for my car and that I could have the money without delay. 那個(gè)人告訴我他準(zhǔn)備為我的車付多少錢,并且我可以馬上拿到錢。 8.賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移 在believe,think,imagine,suppose等動(dòng)詞之后的賓語(yǔ)從句中,若從句為否定意義,通常把否定形式從that從句轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中(僅限于主句的主語(yǔ)為第一人稱I,we)。
請(qǐng)比較下面兩句英、漢表達(dá)方式的不同: I don't believe she'll arrive before 7:00. 我相信她七點(diǎn)以前不會(huì)到達(dá)。 I don't suppose you can help us. 我想你幫不了我們。
1.注意知識(shí)積累,掌握基本句型。 高考備考時(shí),應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)從句語(yǔ)法特征和語(yǔ)意特征的思考和學(xué)習(xí),形成純正的英語(yǔ)思維能力。注意相似句型的積累,比較其結(jié)構(gòu)和意義。在平日的閱讀過(guò)程中,遇到從句的時(shí)候,考慮分析其功能和意義。例如: ________is no chance that they'll show up at the party. A.ThatB.There C.It
D.This [解析]在英語(yǔ)中有很多句型用It is...或There is...開(kāi)頭。There is no chance that“沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)……”,為固定句型。句意:他們沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)在晚會(huì)上露面。show up“出現(xiàn),到場(chǎng),露面”。此題不要誤選C項(xiàng)。 [答案]B 2.分析句子成分,判斷從句功能。 遇到考查句法的題目時(shí),要通讀全句,首先考慮是不是某種句型,如強(qiáng)調(diào)句型;題干句若是疑問(wèn)句,首先把它恢復(fù)為正常語(yǔ)序;觀察設(shè)空的前前后后,確定相關(guān)從句的性質(zhì);確定從句性質(zhì)后,回憶相關(guān)從句的用法特點(diǎn),從而做出取舍;注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)和并列連詞(and,but)的作用;將選項(xiàng)代入句子,看前后是否語(yǔ)意貫通。例如: (2010·上海春招)There is no obvious evidence________there is life on any other planet in the solar system. A.which
B.that C.how
D.where [解析]
此處是that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)evidence進(jìn)行具體的說(shuō)明,不是定語(yǔ)從句。句意:沒(méi)有明顯的證據(jù)表明在太陽(yáng)系的其他行星上有生命存在。 [答案]B
語(yǔ)法精要十一 名詞性從句
1.主語(yǔ)從句 (1)主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語(yǔ)。引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的詞如下: who,that,which,what,when,where,how,whether,why,whoever,whichever,whatever等。如: What I want to drink is coffee.我想喝的是咖啡。
That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time. 長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)我聽(tīng)到的最好的消息就是你要去倫敦。 When they will come hasn't been made public. 他們來(lái)的時(shí)間沒(méi)有公布。 Whatever you want can be found here. 你在這里可以找到任何你想要的。
(2)主語(yǔ)從句可以放在句子后面,而用it作形式主語(yǔ)放在句首,尤其是that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句常用于此種句式中,即:It+be+adj./n.+that-clause。但what,whatever,whoever,whichever引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句一般不后置。如: It is possible that I may not be able to come. 我有可能不能來(lái)了。 It is a pity that you missed such a fine talk. 很遺憾你錯(cuò)過(guò)了如此美好的談話。 (3)whoever,whatever,whichever引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句:whoever相當(dāng)于anyone who,表明泛指關(guān)系,表示“任何……的人都,凡是……的人都”。如: Whoever comes will be welcome. 誰(shuí)來(lái)都會(huì)歡迎。 whatever相當(dāng)于anything that,表示“所……的一切,無(wú)論……”。如: Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 在這里所說(shuō)的一切都要保密。 whichever意為“無(wú)論哪個(gè);無(wú)論哪些”。既可指人,也可指物;既可單獨(dú)使用,也可修飾名詞,也可以跟of短語(yǔ)連用。如:
Whichever of us fulfils his task first will lend a helping hand to others. 無(wú)論我們中哪一個(gè)先完成了任務(wù)都將幫助其他人。 Whichever book you choose doesn't matter to me. 你選哪本書(shū)不關(guān)我的事。 2.賓語(yǔ)從句 (1)賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語(yǔ)。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的詞如下: that,what,whether,if,where,when,whatever,whoever等。如: We must find out who did all this. 我們必須查明誰(shuí)做了這個(gè)。 I'm wondering if the letter is overweight. 我擔(dān)心這封信是否超重。 He walked to where I stood. 他朝我站的地方走過(guò)來(lái)。 I don't think you are right.我認(rèn)為你不正確。 (2)由whatever,whichever,whoever,whosever引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如: You may do whatever(anything that) you like. 你可以做任何你喜歡的事。 Return the book to whosever(anyone whose) name is on it. 把書(shū)還給書(shū)上寫(xiě)名字的人。 I'll read whichever book (any that) I like. 我將讀我喜歡的書(shū)。 (3)介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。如: Tom is a nice boy,except that he is sometimes late for school. 湯姆是個(gè)很棒的男孩,除了有時(shí)上學(xué)遲到。 I always think of how I can improve my spoken English. 我總是在考慮如何提高口語(yǔ)。 The teacher is pleased with what she has said. 老師很高興聽(tīng)到她說(shuō)的話。 (4)形容詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句(that可省略)。如: I'm afraid(that)I can't accept your invitation. 恐怕我不能接受你的邀請(qǐng)。 We're glad that our football team has won the match. 我們很高興我們的足球隊(duì)贏了比賽。
They're surprised that he has left without saying good-bye. 他沒(méi)有說(shuō)再見(jiàn)就離開(kāi)了,這讓他們很吃驚。 (5)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。如: Realizing that it was just a difference in the custom,the foreigner smiled and said nothing. 當(dāng)外國(guó)人意識(shí)到這只是習(xí)慣上的不同,就笑笑什么也沒(méi)說(shuō)。 On being asked whether he had had any good food in Italy,he answered“Terrible”. 當(dāng)被問(wèn)到他是否在意大利享受過(guò)美食時(shí),他回答“很糟”。 (6)賓語(yǔ)從句中的形式賓語(yǔ)it。 在“及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)中,賓語(yǔ)如果是由從句來(lái)?yè)?dān)任,則通常放在賓補(bǔ)的后面,用形式賓語(yǔ)it來(lái)代替它,此時(shí),that一般不可省。如: I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the plan. 我很清楚,我已下定決心實(shí)施這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。
I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們應(yīng)花更多時(shí)間練習(xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)。 (7)賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣: ①desire愿望,demand要求,insist堅(jiān)決要求,order命令,request請(qǐng)求,suggest建議,propose提議、建議等詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)形式:should+do,should可以省略。如:
He insisted that she (should) stay here for another week. 他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為她應(yīng)該在這再待一周。 They suggested that we (should) start at once. 他們建議我們立即開(kāi)始。 ②wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 3.表語(yǔ)從句 (1)that和what引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別: that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí),充當(dāng)連詞的作用,沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義,不作句子成分;what引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句,既充當(dāng)連接代詞的作用,又作句子成分。如: Our plan is that we'll go there once a week. 我們的計(jì)劃是我們一周去一次。 That's what he said.那就是他說(shuō)的話。 (2)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí),用whether,不能用if。如: The question is whether he has signed the contract.(不能用if) 問(wèn)題是他是否已經(jīng)簽了合同。
(3)reason后面的表語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo);定語(yǔ)從句用why或that引導(dǎo)。請(qǐng)比較下面兩個(gè)復(fù)合句: The reason why we don't trust him is that he has often lied. 我們不信任他的原因是他經(jīng)常撒謊。 You must tell him the reason why/that you won't accept his offer. 你必須告訴他你不接受他報(bào)價(jià)的原因。 (4)由連接副詞引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。如: That is where the great writer used to live. 那就是大作家以前住的地方。 That is why he didn't pass the exam. 那就是他沒(méi)通過(guò)考試的原因。 That was when I was thirty. 那就是我30歲的時(shí)候。 (5)表語(yǔ)從句還可用as,as if/though引導(dǎo)。如: Things were not as they seemed. 事情并不像他們看到的那樣。 It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去好像要下雨了。 as if引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用陳述語(yǔ)氣,也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如: When a man loses consciousness,it looks as if he were dead. 當(dāng)一個(gè)人失去知覺(jué),他看上去像死了。 4.同位語(yǔ)從句 (1)同位語(yǔ)從句常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt等名詞的后面,是對(duì)前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步的解釋,說(shuō)明前面的名詞的具體的含義。如: The hope that he may recover is not gone yet. 他恢復(fù)的希望還沒(méi)有破滅。
The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.(if不能代替whether來(lái)引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句) 是否我們應(yīng)該繼續(xù)做實(shí)驗(yàn)的問(wèn)題已經(jīng)解決了。 I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他將何時(shí)回來(lái)。 (2)同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別: 同位語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)前面名詞的內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步的解釋、說(shuō)明,引導(dǎo)詞只起引導(dǎo)作用,不在句中作任何成分,一般不可省略。定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)前面名詞進(jìn)行修飾、限制,引導(dǎo)詞在句中作一定的句子成分。如: The news that_they_had_won_the_game soon spread over the whole school. 他們贏得比賽的消息很快就傳遍了整個(gè)學(xué)校。(此句為同位語(yǔ)從句,進(jìn)一步解釋“the news”的內(nèi)容) The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 你昨天告訴我的消息真的很令人失望。(此句是定語(yǔ)從句,它指的是“你昨天告訴我的那個(gè)消息”) 5.whether與if在名詞性從句中的用法區(qū)別 (1)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí) whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句可放在句首,也可放在后面,但if引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句一般放在句尾。如: Whether I'll go there is not decided. 是否我將去那還沒(méi)決定。 It is not decided whether/if I'll go there. 是否我將去那還沒(méi)決定。
(2)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí) whether與if引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),大多數(shù)情況下可換用。但作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),只能用whether;后面直接跟不定式時(shí),只能用whether;在與or not連用時(shí)也只能用whether。如: It all depends on whether they will support us. 這完全取決于他們是否支持我們。 He doesn't know whether to stay or not. 他不知道是否要留下。 He wants to know whether or not we want dinner. 他想知道我們是否想吃飯。(但可說(shuō):He wants to know if/whether we want any dinner or not.) 6.what與that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí),表示“所……的(東西)”,并且在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分;而that作為連詞,引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí),其本身沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義,不充當(dāng)句子成分,通常不可省略。如:
What she was afraid of was their taking her daughter
abroad. 她害怕的是他們帶她女兒出國(guó)。 That he will refuse the offer is unlikely. 他不可能拒絕這個(gè)報(bào)價(jià)。 It is reported that three people were killed in the
accident. 據(jù)報(bào)道,三個(gè)人在這起事故中死亡。