2024屆高考英語一輪復習語法備考：短語動詞（含解析）
短語動詞考點
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. When he realized the police had seen him, the man ______ the exit as quickly as possible.
A. made off B. made for
C. made out D. made up
【陷阱】容易誤選A。
【分析】正確答案應選B。make for 意為“移向，走向”。最具干擾性的選項是A，因為make off 的意思是“匆匆逃走”。之所以不能選A，是因為 make off 不及物，其后不能接賓語；而 make for 是及物的，其后可以接賓語。另外兩個選項的意思是：make out 指“勉強了解，開出(支票等)，成功”；make up 指“彌補，虛構，整理，編輯，化妝”。
2. Now and then they would??______ our house and have a talk with us.
A. call on B. drop in at
C. drop in on D. drop in
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均容易誤選。
【分析】答案應選B。drop in 意為“順便走訪，不預先通知的拜訪”，為不及物動詞，其后不接賓語，若要接賓語，遵循以下原則：表示拜訪某人，后接介詞on；表示拜訪某地，后接介詞at。call 表示“拜訪”時也遵循以上原則，即 call at 后接地點，call on 后接人。
3. “Why didn’t you write?” “My ink has _______.”
A. used up B. run out of
C. given away D. given out
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均容易誤選。
【分析】最佳答案為D。give out 有很多意思，如表示“分發，發出(氣味、熱等)，發表，用盡，精疲力竭”等，此題取其“用盡”之義。選項A和B很具干擾性，它們均可表示“用完，用盡”，但是它們是及物的，其后應接賓語。假若將選項A改為been used up 也可以選。
4. I think your health will soon ______ if you have a holiday on the seaside.
A. give up B. pick up
C. take up D. get up
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均容易誤選。
【分析】答案選B。pick up 的意思很多，其中一個用法是表示“恢復，改進，改善”。如：
The weather may pick up. 天氣會好轉的。
Business is picking up again. 生意又有所好轉。
除此之處還可表示“拿起，撿起；收拾，整理；學會，獲得；(用車)來接，去取；重新開始，繼續；感染(疾病、壞習慣等)”等。
其他幾個選項的意思分別為：give up 意為“放棄”；take up 意為“開始(學習或從事等)，繼續，占去，接納，提出”；get up 意為“起床”。
◆精編陷阱題訓練◆
1. To our surprise the stranger _____ to be an old friend of my mother’s.
A. turned out B. turned up
C. set out D. set up
2. All the girls swam in the lake except two, who _____ halfway.
A. gave off B. gave up
C. gave away D. gave out
3. If the new arrangement doesn’t _____, we’ll go back to the old one.
A. work over B. work out
C. work up D. work in
4. “Have great changes taken place in your village?” “Yes, A new school was ______ in the village last year.”
A. held up B. set up
C. sent up D. brought up
5. I had to ______ because someone else wanted to use the phone.
A. give up B. put up
C. hang up D. ring up
6. Elephants would ______ if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished.
A. die down B. die out
C. die away D. die off
7. My study of biology has ___C___ much of my spare time, but it has given me a great deal of enjoyment.
A. taken off B. taken down
C. taken up D. taken away
8. The plan
___ just because people were unwilling to co-operate(合作).
A. broke down B. pulled down
C. turned down D. put down
9. The government has _______ the parents to work with teachers in the education of their children.
A. asked for B. called for
C. looked for D. paid for
10. John has put on so much weight recently that his mother has to ______ all his trousers to his measure.
A. let out B. give away
C. bring in D. make up
11. I can ______ some noise while I’m studying, but I can’t stand very loud noise.
A. put up with B. get rid of
C. have effect on D. keep away from
12. The mother often tells her son to be a good boy, warning him to ______ trouble.
A. hold back from B. keep out of
C. break away from D. get rid of
13. To my surprise, the manager ______ 30 dollars from my salary without any good reason.
A. cut off B. held up
C. brought down D. kept back
14. Steven has a lot of work to _______ in the office since he has been away for quite a few days.
A. take up B. make up
C. work out D. carry out
15. Although Jane agrees with me on most points, there was one on which she was unwilling to _______.
A. give out B. give in
C. give away D. give off
16. You should ______ what your parents expect of you.
A. live up to B. stand up to
C. look up to D. run up to
17. I can hardly believe my eyes. What a poor composition you have _______. There are so many wrong spellings in it.
A. turned into B. turned off
C. turned to D. turned in
18. “Why don’t we go for a picnic this weekend?” “Good idea! I would ______ the car and you’ll prepare the food.”
A. look after B. take care of
C. see about D get down to
19. How I wish that I could ______ my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the net.
A. set out B. set off
C. set over D. set up
20. Some kinds of animals can _______ the colour of their surroundings.
A. take on B. dress up
C. put on D. get into
【答案與解析】
1. 選A。turn out 意為“結果是，原來是”等；turn up 意為“找到， 發現，出現，開大音量”等；set out 意為“開始，出發，陳述”等；set up 意為“設立，豎立，架起，升起，創(紀錄)，提出”等。
2. 選B。give up 意為“放棄”；give out 意為“分發，發出(氣味、熱等)，發表，用盡，精疲力竭”；give away意為“送掉，分發，放棄，泄露，出賣”；give off 意為“發出(蒸汽、光等)，長出（枝、杈等）”。
3. 選B。work out 在此表示“有預期結果”；work over 意為“調查，重做”；work up 意為“逐步建立，逐步發展”；work in 意為“配合，引進”。
4. 選B。set up 意為“建立”；hold up 意為“舉起，支撐，繼續下去，阻擋，攔截”；send up 意為“發出，射出，長出，使上升”；bring up 意為“教育，培養，提出”。
5. 選C。give up 指“放棄”，put up 指“舉起，架起，修建，張貼”等，hang up 指“掛斷(電話)”，ring up 指“給某人打電話”。
6. 選B。die away 指“(聲音、風、光線等)漸息，漸弱”；die down 指“(慢慢)熄滅，平靜下來”；die off 指“一個一個地死去”；die out 指“(家族、種族、習俗、觀念等)滅絕，絕跡”。
7. 選C。take up 意為“開始(學習或從事等)，繼續，占去，接納，提出”；take off意為“脫下，起飛，打折，請假”；take away 意為“取走”；take down 意為“寫下，拆下”。
8. 選A。break down意為“中止，毀掉，壓倒，停頓，倒塌”；pull down 意為“摧毀，推翻，使降低，使身體變差”；turn down 意為“拒絕，關小音量，減弱，降低”；put down 意為 “放下，拒絕，鎮壓，削減，記下”。
9. 選B。call for 意為“要求，提倡”；ask for 意為“請求，索要”；look for 意為“尋找”；pay for 意為“為……付錢”。
10. 選A。let out 意為“放掉，泄露，放大，出租”；give away 意為“送掉，分發，放棄，泄露, 出賣，讓步”；bring in 意為“生產， 掙得，介紹引進”；make up 意為“彌補，虛構，縫制，整理，和解，編輯，化妝”。
11. 選A。put up with 意為“忍受，容忍”；get rid of 意為“擺脫，消除，去掉”；have effect on 意為“對……有影響”；keep away from意為“遠離，不接近”。
12. 選B。hold back from 意為“向……隱瞞”；keep out of 意為“使在……之外”；break away from 意為“脫離”；get rid of 意為“擺脫，消除，去掉”。
13. 選D。keep back 意為“扣下，留下，阻擋，隱瞞”；hold up意為“舉起，支撐”；bring down 意為“打倒，擊落，打死，降低”；cut off 意為“切斷，斷絕”。
14. 選B。make up 意為“彌補，虛構，整理，編輯，化妝”；take up 意為“拿起，開始從事，繼續，吸收”；work out 意為“計算出，設計出，有預期結果”；carry out 意為“完成，實現，貫徹，執行”。
15. 選B。give in 意為“讓步，屈服，上交”；give away 意為“分發，贈送，背棄，出賣，泄漏”； give off 意為“發出(光、熱、聲音、氣味等)”；give out 意為“分發，散發，用完，耗盡，垮掉，失靈，出故障，發表，公布，發出(熱、聲音、信號等)”。
16. 選A。live up to 意為“實踐，做到”；stand up to 意為“勇敢地抵抗”；look up to 意為“尊敬，仰望”；run up to 意為“達到，積累到”。
17. 選D。turn in 意為“上交，歸還”；turn into 意為“進入，(使)變成”；turn to 意為“轉向，變成，求助于，致力于”；turn off 意為“關掉，避開”。
18. 選C。see about 意為“查詢，留意于”；look after和take careof均表示為“照顧，關心”；get down to 意為“開始認真考慮”。
19. 選A。set out 意為“陳述，陳列，出發，開始”；set off 意為“出發，動身”；set over 意為“移交，置于……上，指派……管理”；set up意為“設立，豎立，架起，升起，創(紀錄)，提出”。
20. 選A。take on意為“披上，呈現，具有，雇用，接納，流行”；dress up 意為“打扮，裝飾，偽裝”；put on 意為“穿上，把……放在上，裝出，增加”；get into意為“進入，陷入，穿上”。
短語動詞考點
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. When he realized the police had seen him, the man ______ the exit as quickly as possible.
A. made off B. made for
C. made out D. made up
【陷阱】容易誤選A。
【分析】正確答案應選B。make for 意為“移向，走向”。最具干擾性的選項是A，因為make off 的意思是“匆匆逃走”。之所以不能選A，是因為 make off 不及物，其后不能接賓語；而 make for 是及物的，其后可以接賓語。另外兩個選項的意思是：make out 指“勉強了解，開出(支票等)，成功”；make up 指“彌補，虛構，整理，編輯，化妝”。
2. Now and then they would??______ our house and have a talk with us.
A. call on B. drop in at
C. drop in on D. drop in
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均容易誤選。
【分析】答案應選B。drop in 意為“順便走訪，不預先通知的拜訪”，為不及物動詞，其后不接賓語，若要接賓語，遵循以下原則：表示拜訪某人，后接介詞on；表示拜訪某地，后接介詞at。call 表示“拜訪”時也遵循以上原則，即 call at 后接地點，call on 后接人。
3. “Why didn’t you write?” “My ink has _______.”
A. used up B. run out of
C. given away D. given out
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均容易誤選。
【分析】最佳答案為D。give out 有很多意思，如表示“分發，發出(氣味、熱等)，發表，用盡，精疲力竭”等，此題取其“用盡”之義。選項A和B很具干擾性，它們均可表示“用完，用盡”，但是它們是及物的，其后應接賓語。假若將選項A改為been used up 也可以選。
4. I think your health will soon ______ if you have a holiday on the seaside.
A. give up B. pick up
C. take up D. get up
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均容易誤選。
【分析】答案選B。pick up 的意思很多，其中一個用法是表示“恢復，改進，改善”。如：
The weather may pick up. 天氣會好轉的。
Business is picking up again. 生意又有所好轉。
除此之處還可表示“拿起，撿起；收拾，整理；學會，獲得；(用車)來接，去取；重新開始，繼續；感染(疾病、壞習慣等)”等。
其他幾個選項的意思分別為：give up 意為“放棄”；take up 意為“開始(學習或從事等)，繼續，占去，接納，提出”；get up 意為“起床”。
◆精編陷阱題訓練◆
1. To our surprise the stranger _____ to be an old friend of my mother’s.
A. turned out B. turned up
C. set out D. set up
2. All the girls swam in the lake except two, who _____ halfway.
A. gave off B. gave up
C. gave away D. gave out
3. If the new arrangement doesn’t _____, we’ll go back to the old one.
A. work over B. work out
C. work up D. work in
4. “Have great changes taken place in your village?” “Yes, A new school was ______ in the village last year.”
A. held up B. set up
C. sent up D. brought up
5. I had to ______ because someone else wanted to use the phone.
A. give up B. put up
C. hang up D. ring up
6. Elephants would ______ if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished.
A. die down B. die out
C. die away D. die off
7. My study of biology has ___C___ much of my spare time, but it has given me a great deal of enjoyment.
A. taken off B. taken down
C. taken up D. taken away
8. The plan
___ just because people were unwilling to co-operate(合作).
A. broke down B. pulled down
C. turned down D. put down
9. The government has _______ the parents to work with teachers in the education of their children.
A. asked for B. called for
C. looked for D. paid for
10. John has put on so much weight recently that his mother has to ______ all his trousers to his measure.
A. let out B. give away
C. bring in D. make up
11. I can ______ some noise while I’m studying, but I can’t stand very loud noise.
A. put up with B. get rid of
C. have effect on D. keep away from
12. The mother often tells her son to be a good boy, warning him to ______ trouble.
A. hold back from B. keep out of
C. break away from D. get rid of
13. To my surprise, the manager ______ 30 dollars from my salary without any good reason.
A. cut off B. held up
C. brought down D. kept back
14. Steven has a lot of work to _______ in the office since he has been away for quite a few days.
A. take up B. make up
C. work out D. carry out
15. Although Jane agrees with me on most points, there was one on which she was unwilling to _______.
A. give out B. give in
C. give away D. give off
16. You should ______ what your parents expect of you.
A. live up to B. stand up to
C. look up to D. run up to
17. I can hardly believe my eyes. What a poor composition you have _______. There are so many wrong spellings in it.
A. turned into B. turned off
C. turned to D. turned in
18. “Why don’t we go for a picnic this weekend?” “Good idea! I would ______ the car and you’ll prepare the food.”
A. look after B. take care of
C. see about D get down to
19. How I wish that I could ______ my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the net.
A. set out B. set off
C. set over D. set up
20. Some kinds of animals can _______ the colour of their surroundings.
A. take on B. dress up
C. put on D. get into
【答案與解析】
1. 選A。turn out 意為“結果是，原來是”等；turn up 意為“找到， 發現，出現，開大音量”等；set out 意為“開始，出發，陳述”等；set up 意為“設立，豎立，架起，升起，創(紀錄)，提出”等。
2. 選B。give up 意為“放棄”；give out 意為“分發，發出(氣味、熱等)，發表，用盡，精疲力竭”；give away意為“送掉，分發，放棄，泄露，出賣”；give off 意為“發出(蒸汽、光等)，長出（枝、杈等）”。
3. 選B。work out 在此表示“有預期結果”；work over 意為“調查，重做”；work up 意為“逐步建立，逐步發展”；work in 意為“配合，引進”。
4. 選B。set up 意為“建立”；hold up 意為“舉起，支撐，繼續下去，阻擋，攔截”；send up 意為“發出，射出，長出，使上升”；bring up 意為“教育，培養，提出”。
5. 選C。give up 指“放棄”，put up 指“舉起，架起，修建，張貼”等，hang up 指“掛斷(電話)”，ring up 指“給某人打電話”。
6. 選B。die away 指“(聲音、風、光線等)漸息，漸弱”；die down 指“(慢慢)熄滅，平靜下來”；die off 指“一個一個地死去”；die out 指“(家族、種族、習俗、觀念等)滅絕，絕跡”。
7. 選C。take up 意為“開始(學習或從事等)，繼續，占去，接納，提出”；take off意為“脫下，起飛，打折，請假”；take away 意為“取走”；take down 意為“寫下，拆下”。
8. 選A。break down意為“中止，毀掉，壓倒，停頓，倒塌”；pull down 意為“摧毀，推翻，使降低，使身體變差”；turn down 意為“拒絕，關小音量，減弱，降低”；put down 意為 “放下，拒絕，鎮壓，削減，記下”。
9. 選B。call for 意為“要求，提倡”；ask for 意為“請求，索要”；look for 意為“尋找”；pay for 意為“為……付錢”。
10. 選A。let out 意為“放掉，泄露，放大，出租”；give away 意為“送掉，分發，放棄，泄露, 出賣，讓步”；bring in 意為“生產， 掙得，介紹引進”；make up 意為“彌補，虛構，縫制，整理，和解，編輯，化妝”。
11. 選A。put up with 意為“忍受，容忍”；get rid of 意為“擺脫，消除，去掉”；have effect on 意為“對……有影響”；keep away from意為“遠離，不接近”。
12. 選B。hold back from 意為“向……隱瞞”；keep out of 意為“使在……之外”；break away from 意為“脫離”；get rid of 意為“擺脫，消除，去掉”。
13. 選D。keep back 意為“扣下，留下，阻擋，隱瞞”；hold up意為“舉起，支撐”；bring down 意為“打倒，擊落，打死，降低”；cut off 意為“切斷，斷絕”。
14. 選B。make up 意為“彌補，虛構，整理，編輯，化妝”；take up 意為“拿起，開始從事，繼續，吸收”；work out 意為“計算出，設計出，有預期結果”；carry out 意為“完成，實現，貫徹，執行”。
15. 選B。give in 意為“讓步，屈服，上交”；give away 意為“分發，贈送，背棄，出賣，泄漏”； give off 意為“發出(光、熱、聲音、氣味等)”；give out 意為“分發，散發，用完，耗盡，垮掉，失靈，出故障，發表，公布，發出(熱、聲音、信號等)”。
16. 選A。live up to 意為“實踐，做到”；stand up to 意為“勇敢地抵抗”；look up to 意為“尊敬，仰望”；run up to 意為“達到，積累到”。
17. 選D。turn in 意為“上交，歸還”；turn into 意為“進入，(使)變成”；turn to 意為“轉向，變成，求助于，致力于”；turn off 意為“關掉，避開”。
18. 選C。see about 意為“查詢，留意于”；look after和take careof均表示為“照顧，關心”；get down to 意為“開始認真考慮”。
19. 選A。set out 意為“陳述，陳列，出發，開始”；set off 意為“出發，動身”；set over 意為“移交，置于……上，指派……管理”；set up意為“設立，豎立，架起，升起，創(紀錄)，提出”。
20. 選A。take on意為“披上，呈現，具有，雇用，接納，流行”；dress up 意為“打扮，裝飾，偽裝”；put on 意為“穿上，把……放在上，裝出，增加”；get into意為“進入，陷入，穿上”。
