必修 Unit4

　　Earthquakes

　　單元知識(shí)預(yù)覽

　　項(xiàng)目 單詞及其詞性變化（語(yǔ)法填空必備）

　　重點(diǎn)單詞 1．burst vi.爆裂；爆發(fā) n．突然破裂，爆發(fā)

　　2．event n．事件；大事

　　3．nation n．民族；國(guó)家；國(guó)民→national adj.國(guó)家的，民族的→nationality n．國(guó)籍

　　4．ruin n．廢墟；毀滅 vt.毀滅；使破產(chǎn)

　　5．suffering n．苦難；痛苦→suffer v．受苦，遭受

　　6．extreme adj.極度的→extremely adv.

　　7．injure vt.損害；傷害→injured adj.受傷的→injury n．傷害，損害

　　8．destroy vt.破壞；毀壞；消滅

　　9．useless adj.無(wú)用的；無(wú)效的；無(wú)益的→useful(反義詞)→use v. & n．使用，利用

　　10．shock vt. & vi.(使)震驚；震動(dòng) n．休克；打擊；震驚

　　11．rescue n. & vt.援救；營(yíng)救

　　12．trap vt.使陷入困境 n．陷阱；困境

　　13．electricity n．電；電流；電學(xué)→electric adj.用電的；帶電的；發(fā)電的→electrical adj.與電有關(guān)的；電學(xué)的

　　14．disaster n．災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍

　　15．bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隱藏

　　16．shelter n．掩蔽；掩蔽處；避身處

　　17．damage n. & vt.損失；損害

　　18．frighten vt.使驚嚇；嚇唬→frightened adj.受驚的；受恐嚇的→frightening adj.令人恐懼的

　　19．judge n．裁判員；法官 vt.斷定；判斷；判決→judgement n．判斷，判決

　　20．express vt.表示；表達(dá)n.快車；速遞→expression n．表達(dá)→expressive adj.有表現(xiàn)力的

　　重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) 1．right away立刻

　　2．a(chǎn)t an end

　　結(jié)束

　　3．in ruins

　　成為廢墟

　　4．dig out

　　掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn)

　　5．a(chǎn)(great) number of

　　許多；大量的

　　6．give out

　　分發(fā)；發(fā)出(氣味、熱等)

　　7．thousands of

　　成千上萬(wàn)

　　8．think little of

　　不重視；不假思索

　　9．blow away

　　吹走；刮走

　　10．be proud of

　　以……而自豪

　　11．instead of

　　代替

　　12．be trapped in

　　陷入……之中

　　13．be known for/as

　　因?yàn)?作為……出名14．bring in

　　引進(jìn)；引來(lái)

　　經(jīng)典句型

　　（高考書(shū)面表達(dá)必備） 1．In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在農(nóng)家院子里，雞和豬都煩躁不安，以致不吃食。

　　2．It seemed as if the world was at an end! 世界似乎到了末日！

　　3．All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破滅了。

　　4．Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. 老鼠從田地里跑出來(lái)找地方藏身。

　　5. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.工人們?yōu)槟切┘覉@遭受破壞的幸存者建了住所。

　　必備語(yǔ)法（高級(jí)句型） 名詞性從句（2）

　　晨讀范文背誦

　　背誦這篇范文注意劃線部分的用法

　　假設(shè)你是晨光中學(xué)的學(xué)生會(huì)主席李津。一批來(lái)自英國(guó)的高中生與你校學(xué)生開(kāi)展了為期兩周的交流活動(dòng)。現(xiàn)在，他們即將回國(guó)，你將在歡送會(huì)上致辭。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下提示寫(xiě)一篇發(fā)言稿。

　　回顧雙方的交流活動(dòng)（如學(xué)習(xí)、生活、體育、文藝等方面）；

　　談?wù)勈斋@或感情；

　　表達(dá)祝愿語(yǔ)期望。

　　注意：

　　詞數(shù)不少于100；

　　可適當(dāng)加入細(xì)節(jié)，是內(nèi)容充實(shí)、行文連貫；

　　開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

　　Dear friends,

　　How time flies!

　　Thank you.

　　【答案】

　　One possible version:

　　Dear__friends,__

　　How__time__flies! Two weeks went by before we realized that our exchange activities ended. On behalf of our school, I would like to express my feelings.

　　As scheduled, we took part in several instructive activities. We have learnt many Chinese characters and often took exercise together. We went to the restaurant to taste the Chinese traditional food. The food was extremely delicious and different from our food. While visiting the art exhibition, we discussed the great artists' works.

　　As far as I'm concerned, everyone here is a member of our big family. And at last I sincerely wish you a pleasant trip to your country. I hope we'll get together again next year.

　　Thank__you.

　　語(yǔ)言知識(shí)精析

　　重點(diǎn)單詞精講

　　考點(diǎn)1．burst vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆發(fā)n. 突然破裂；爆發(fā)

　　【教材原句】In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. but the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.在市內(nèi)，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂開(kāi)來(lái)。但是，唐山市的一百萬(wàn)居民幾乎都沒(méi)有把這些情況當(dāng)一回事，當(dāng)天晚上照常睡著了。

　　【例句研讀】

　　(1)She burst out crying for a while, and burst into laughter for another moment, which made us at a loss.她一會(huì)兒突然哭起來(lái)，一會(huì)兒又___________，這使我們一頭霧水。

　　（1）

　　(2)We all thought his heart would burst with happiness.

　　我們都認(rèn)為他心中的快樂(lè)快要____________了。

　　（2）

　　(3)The police burst in and arrested the gang.

　　警察______________逮捕了那幫人。

　　（3）

　　【歸納拓展】

　　burst out 迸發(fā)；突然發(fā)作；突然……起來(lái)

　　burst into 闖入；突然出現(xiàn)；突然……起來(lái)；突然發(fā)作

　　burst into tears/songs/laughter/angry speech突然哭/唱/笑/吵起來(lái)

　　burst out crying/singing/laughing突然哭起來(lái)/唱起來(lái)/笑起來(lái)

　　burst in 闖入

　　burst with anger/grief/joy 勃然大怒/心痛欲絕/樂(lè)不可支

　　be bursting to do 渴望，急著要做(某事)

　　at a(one) burst 一陣；一口氣；一舉；一下

　　a burst of anger 怒火的迸發(fā)

　　【即時(shí)鞏固】

　　單項(xiàng)填空

　　1. One minute she burst into ____, and the next she burst out ____. We just couldn’t catch her mood at any moment.

　　A．crying; laughter

　　B．tears; laughing

　　C．tears; laughter

　　D．crying; laughing

　　2.Rose’s humor was________ make every student?burst?into_______.

　　A．so amused as to…laughter B．so amusing as to… laughter

　　C．such that…laughing D．so that… laughing

　　完成句子

　　3.After that, he ______________________(突然大哭起來(lái))．

　　4.There came _______________________(一陣笑聲)．

　　5.He blew the balloon ________________(直到它爆裂為止)．

　　考點(diǎn)2．ruin n. [U]毀壞；毀滅，崩潰[C](pl.) 廢墟，遺跡v. (使)破產(chǎn)，(使)墮落，毀滅

　　【教材原句】In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的15秒鐘內(nèi)，一座大城市就沉淪在一片廢墟之中。

　　【例句研讀】

　　(1)Drink was his father's ruin and it will be the ruin of him too.

　　酗酒是他父親________的原因，他也將遭同樣的__________。（1）

　　(2)Years of fighting have left the area in ruins.

　　多年的戰(zhàn)事已經(jīng)使得這個(gè)地區(qū)__________。

　　（2）

　　(3)A large number of churches fell to ruin after the revolution. 革命過(guò)后，許多教堂________。（3）

　　(4)The heavy rain ruined our holiday.

　　大雨把我們的假期徹底__________。

　　（4）

　　(5)If you go on like this, you'll ruin yourself.

　　如果你繼續(xù)這樣下去，你會(huì)自己___________。

　　（5）

　　【歸納拓展】

　　in ruins 成為廢墟；破敗不堪

　　be the ruin of 成為……毀滅(墮落)的原因

　　come/fall to ruin 毀滅，滅亡；崩潰；破壞掉

　　bring sb. to ruin 使某人失敗；使傾家蕩產(chǎn)

　　bring ruin upon oneself 自取滅亡

　　ruin oneself 自取滅亡

　　ruin one's health/fame 毀壞某人的健康/名譽(yù)

　　【即時(shí)鞏固】

　　根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子

　　(1)An earthquake________________________(使全城到處是頹垣斷壁)．(leave)

　　(2)Some pre－war constructions were abandoned and eventually ________________(成了廢墟)．

　　(3)That one mistake ________ (毀壞)his chances of getting the job.

　　（4）His future lies __________ because he was caught stealing in the shop and put into prison.

　　A．a(chǎn)s usual B．in ruins

　　C．by mistake D．on purpose

　　考點(diǎn)3．injure vt. 損害，傷害

　　【教材原句】The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.死傷的人數(shù)達(dá)到40多萬(wàn)。

　　【例句研讀】

　　(1)The boy injured his leg.

　　這個(gè)男孩把腿_____________。

　　（1）

　　(2)Your remark may injure her pride.

　　你的話也許會(huì)___________。

　　（2）

　　(3)I didn't mean to do her an injury.

　　我并未打算_________她。

　　（3）

　　【歸納拓展】

　　injury n. 傷，傷口；傷害

　　injured adj. 受傷的，受委屈的

　　do an injury to sb.傷害某人

　　the injured傷員

　　an injured look/expression委屈的樣子/表情

　　injured pride/feelings受到傷害的自尊/情感

　　【即時(shí)鞏固】

　　用wound, hurt或injure的適當(dāng)形式填空

　　(1)His cold behaviour

　　________ her deeply.

　　(2)The bullet________ him in the shoulder.

　　(3)He was ________ in the accident.

　　(4)When the girl learned that her boyfriend was ________ in the earthquake, she ________．

　　A．injured; burst in tear

　　B．killed; burst out tears

　　C．still alive; burst into tears

　　D．missing; burst into laughter

　　考點(diǎn)4．shock n. [U；C]打擊；震驚；震動(dòng)；休克vt. 使震驚，使驚愕

　　【教材原句】People were shocked.人們驚呆了。

　　【例句研讀】

　　(1)The news of his wife's death was a terrible shock to him.

　　他妻子去世的消息_________________。

　　（1）

　　(2)He was shocked at her smoking.

　　看到她在吸煙，他很______________。

　　（2）

　　(3) It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children.

　　看到鄰居們?nèi)绾螌?duì)待孩子，我感到________。（3）

　　【歸納拓展】

　　be shocked at/by (doing) sth. 被震驚

　　be shocked to do sth. 懼怕做某事

　　It shocked sb. to see/hear...看見(jiàn)/聽(tīng)到……使某人震驚。

　　(be) a shock to sb. 對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)打擊

　　提示：shocked adj. 感到驚奇的，驚訝的(主語(yǔ)多為人)

　　shocking adj. 令人氣憤的，令人驚訝的(主語(yǔ)多為物)

　　【即時(shí)鞏固】

　　(1)____________________ the sight.

　　這情景使我大為震驚。

　　(2)If you touch a live wire, __________________．

　　如果你摸帶電的線，就會(huì)觸電。

　　(3)The message __________________________．

　　這條消息使他震驚。

　　(4)The ________ news made all the people present ________.

　　A．shocking; shocking

　　B．shocking; shocked

　　C．shocked; shocking

　　D．shocked; shocked

　　（5）—Have you heard of ________ death of Steven Jobs?? — Yes. It must be________?shock?to Apple fans.

　　A．the; the B．a(chǎn); the C．the; a D．a(chǎn); /

　　考點(diǎn)5．bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隱藏

　　【教材原句】The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.部隊(duì)人員組成小分隊(duì)，將受困的人們挖出來(lái)，將死者掩埋。

　　【例句研讀】

　　(1)He was sitting with his head buried in a book.他坐著__________。（1）

　　(2)He walked slowly, his hands buried in his pockets.

　　他走得很慢，兩手_________。（2）

　　(3)After the divorce, she buried herself in her work.離婚后，她____________。（3）

　　【歸納拓展】

　　bury oneself in study 埋頭研究

　　bury oneself in (doing) sth. 專心致力于(做)某事

　　be buried in thoughts 沉思

　　bury one's face in one's hands 雙手掩面

　　be buried alive 被活埋；隱居

　　提示：表示“專心于，致力于”意義的短語(yǔ)還有：be devoted to, be addicted to, be absorbed in等。

　　【即時(shí)鞏固】

　　1. _______ in thought, I didn’t notice what was happening.

　　A．Having?buried B．Burying C．Buried D．To be?buried

　　2.________ deep down in the earth for thousands of years, the dead forest has rotted away and become coal．

　　A．Having?buried B．Being?buried

　　C．Buried D．To be?buried

　　3. After starting work, Cao spent his evenings _____ in his books and was eventually admitted to a secondary technical school.

　　A．burying B．buried

　　C．being?buried D．having?buried

　　考點(diǎn)6．judge v. 斷定；判斷；判決n. 裁判員；法官；評(píng)判員

　　【教材原句】Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.評(píng)委會(huì)的五位評(píng)委聽(tīng)了你的演講，他們都認(rèn)為你的演講是今年最好的。

　　【例句研讀】

　　(1)Don't judge a book by its cover.

　　勿________取人。（1）

　　(2) Judging from/by his accent, he must be a southerner.

　　根據(jù)他的口音_________，他一定是個(gè)南方人。（2）

　　(3)He was judged to be the best actor of this year.

　　他____________今年的最佳男演員。（3）

　　【歸納拓展】

　　judgment n. 判斷，審判，意見(jiàn)，判斷力

　　judging by/from 從……上看，根據(jù)……判斷

　　judge sb./sth. from/by... 從……來(lái)判斷

　　judge between right and wrong 判斷是非

　　as far as I can judge 據(jù)我判斷，我認(rèn)為

　　in one's judgement 依某人看來(lái)，按某人的看法