重慶市2024高考英語閱讀理解選編（28）（附解析）?

　　閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。

　　(2024·河南省鄭州市高中畢業班第一次質量預測)

　　Chinese writer Mo Yan’s Nobel Prize for Literature might ignite an explosion of global interest in Chinese literature and lead to more titles translated into English，European experts say.

　　“Hopefully，the award means more people will read Chinese literature and more works will get translated，” says Michel Hockx，professor of the Languages and Cultures of China and Inner Asia from University of London.“Many very good Chinese writers have been accepted globally for a long time already.Mo Yan is probably the most translated Chinese writer alive，with at least five of his novels made available in English over the past 20 years.”

　　Jonathan Ruppin，web editor of bookseller Foyles，says Mo’s win coincides with growing interest in Chinese literature and recognizes the talents of a distinctive and visionary (富于幻想的) writer.“We are very excited by the fact that English translations

　　of

　　more

　　of

　　his

　　books

　　should

　　now

　　become available，”

　　Ruppin says.He made the comment after Mo became the first Chinese citizen to win the Nobel Prize for Literature in its century-long history.

　　As

　　East-West

　　cultural

　　exchange

　　has

　　been

　　booming，Chinese literature has been attracting growing attention in recent years.Hockx explains，“It’s mainly because there are many more opportunities for Chinese writers to visit other countries，to publish their works outside China and to interact with readers abroad.At the same time，more and more people globally are learning Chinese and taking an interest in the Chinese language and culture.”

　　University of Oxford lecturer in modern Chinese literature Margaret Hillenbrand says，“The obvious reason for the growing global presence of Chinese literature is the growing global presence of China itself.People have come to realize that there is a serious knowledge deficit (缺少) between China and its international counterparts—in particular，China knows incomparably more about Europe and America than the other way round—and reading Chinese literature is an effective，simple means of solving that gap.”

　　1．The underlined word “ignite” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”．

　　A．start out

　　　B．burn up

　　C．set off 　D．appeal to

　?。瓹hinese literature has been attracting growing attention mainly because________.

　　A．Chinese writers have been writing more and more books in English

　　B．the Chinese language has become the most widely used language in the world

　　C．the Chinese government attaches great importance to literature

　　D．the cultural communication between China and western countries has developed

　?。甒hich of the following is true according to the passage? A．Chinese literature has spread with the development of China.

　　B．The Nobel Prize for Literature has a history of hundreds of years.

　　C．In the past，no Chinese writers were accepted outside China.

　　D．Foreigners know about China mainly by reading Mo Yan’s works.

　　4．How do you understand the underlined part in the last paragraph?

　　A．China knows more about Europe and America than before. B．China knows more about Europe and America than they know about China.

　　C．China，Europe and America know one another more than before.

　　D．Compared with America，China knows more about Europe.

　　語篇解讀　中國作家莫言獲得諾貝爾文學獎激起了全球對中國文學的興趣，更多的中國作品被譯成英語。這是中國在全球的影響力不斷加大的結果。

　?。馕觯骸≡~義猜測題。根據下文可知，此處表示“中國作家莫言獲得諾貝爾文學獎激起了全球對中國文學的興趣”，故ignite與set off同義，表示“引發，激起”。

　　答案：　C

　?。馕觯骸〖毠澙斫忸}。根據倒數第二段中的“As East-West cultural exchange has been booming，Chinese literature has been attracting growing attention in recent years.”可知，正是東西方文化交流的繁榮才使得中國文學受到越來越多的關注。

　　答案：　D

　?。馕觯骸≌`判斷題。根據最后一段中的“The obvious reason for the growing global presence of Chinese literature is the growing global presence of China itself.”可知，是中國在全球的影響力，即中國的發展使得中國文學能在世界范圍內得以傳播。

　　答案：　A

　?。馕觯骸【湟饫斫忸}。根據畫線部分的前后句可知，此處表示“中國對歐美了解甚多而歐美則相反，對中國了解偏少”。the other way round意為“相反地”。

　　答案：　B閱讀理解2024·南昌市高三第三次模擬測試Millions of people are using cell phones today.In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one.In many countries，cell phones are very popular with young people.They find that the phones are more than a means of communication—having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.

　　The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professional worried.Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones.In England，there has been a serious debate about this issue.Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas.They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.

　　On the other hand，why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones？Signs of change in the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning equipment.In one case，a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss.He couldn’t remember even simple tasks.He would often forget the name of his own son.This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day，every day of his working week，for a couple of years.His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use，but his employer’s doctor didn’t agree.

　　What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful？The answer is radiation.High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones.Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation.But they say the amount is too small to worry about.

　　As the discussion about their safety continues，it appears that it’s best to use mobile phones less often.Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time.Use your mobile phone only when you really need it.Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient，especially in emergencies.In the future，mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health.So for now，it’s wise not to use your mobile phone too often.

　　1．People buy cell phones for the following reasons except that________.

　　A．they’re popular　B．they’re convenient

　　C．they’re useful

　　　D．they’re cheap

　　2．The word “detected” in Paragraph 3 could be best replaced by________.

　　A．discovered

　　　B．removed

　　C．cured

　　　D．caused

　　3．The salesman retired young because________.

　　A．he disliked using mobile phones

　　B．he couldn’t remember simple tasks

　　C．he was tired of talking on his mobile phone

　　D．his employer’s doctor persuaded him to

　　4．On the safety issue of mobile phones，the manufacturing companies________.

　　A．deny the existence of mobile phone radiation

　　B．develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation

　　C．hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about

　　D．try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health

　　5．The writer’s purpose of writing this article is to advise people________.

　　A．to buy mobile phones

　　B．to use mobile phones less often

　　C．to update regular phones

　　D．to stop using mobile phones

　　語篇解讀　本文是一篇議論文。手機給我們的生活帶來了很多便利。但是手機輻射卻威脅著我們的身體健康。

　　1．解析：　細節理解題。根據文章第一段第三句中的“cell phones are very popular with young people”可知，A項表述正確；根據最后一段倒數第三句中的“be very useful and convenient”可知，B、C兩項表述正確；D項文中未提及。

　　答案：　D

　　2．解析：　詞義猜測題。根據語境可知，畫線詞所在句子的句意為：通過現代掃描儀器掃描，可以探測一些大腦和頭部組織發生變化的信號。

　　答案：　A

　　3．解析：　細節理解題。根據文章第三段第三、四句“In one case，a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss.He couldn’t remember even simple tasks.”可知，答案B符合文意。

　　答案：　B

　　4．解析：　細節理解題。根據文章第四段最后一句“Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation，but they say the amount is too small to worry about.”可知，答案C符合文意。

　　答案：　C

　　5．解析：　寫作意圖題。根據文章最后一段第一句“As the discussion about their safety continues，it appears that it’s best to use mobile phones less often.”可知，作者建議人們盡量少用手機。

　　答案：　B閱讀下列材料，從每題所給的選項中選出最佳選項。SHANGHAI—Health experts in Shanghai are calling for more protection for young children as the latest research shows about half of the youngsters are suffering from secondhand smoke.About 45 percent of children suffer passive smoking in families，50

　　percent in public places，and almost 6 percent on public transportation，shows a research released by the Shanghai Children's Medical Center on Tuesday.

　　“Not only adults but also children and newborn babies are at risk for the adverse effects of passive smoking, ”said Tang Jingyan, a doctor at the Shanghai Children's Medical Center.“Actually, those young children whose bodies are still growing and developing are more sensitive to the effects of secondhand smoke.”

　　Research has shown that children who are exposed to secondhand smoke will suffer from more colds, coughs and sore throats，and they are more likely to suffer from bronchitis, pneumonia and will have a higher risk of developing cancer.Doctors even suggested that children suffering passive smoking are more likely to have behavioral problems and may not developmentally as quickly as their peers.Other research by the Shanghai Children's Medical Center has found that more than 80 percent of child patients in the center live in a smoke filled household, where one or both parents smoke.

　　“Though doctors have stressed the harm of passive smoking over and over, it is still hard to reach a totally smoke free home, ”said a pediatrician named Zhang Yiwen, noting that parents are often tempted to smoke even though they have learned the harmful effects of secondhand smoke.

　　China has 540 million people suffering from passive smoke，180 million of them younger than 15.The age of smokers is also getting lower, earlier reports said.

　　“There are more young smokers than before.You can see young people wearing a school uniform and carrying a schoolbag light a cigarette on the street.Some of them are even female students, ”said Jing Xingming, a professor of children's developmental behavior at the center.“Children like to imitate adults, especially their parents.If parents often smoke at home, it is very likely children will develop a smoking habit, which can cause a vicious circle，”Jin said.

　　Reports from the Ministry of Health said China has about 350 million smokers, of whom 15 million are underage smokers.Also, around 40 million of the country's 130 million children aged between 13 and 18 had tried smoking, and 15 million had become addicted to tobacco.

　　【語篇解讀】　本文主要說明了許多兒童目前受二手煙的影響，以及二手煙對兒童產生的危害。

　　1．What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A．About half of the youngsters are suffering from secondhand smoke.

　　B．Experts are calling for more protection for youngsters from smoking.

　　C．More and more youngsters are picking up the habit of smoking.

　　D．Smoking does great harm to the health of the youngsters.

　　答案　B　

　?。甒hich youngsters most possibly develop a habit of smoking?

　　A．Children of nonsmoking mothers.

　　B．Children of nonsmoking fathers.

　　C．Children of heavy smokers.

　　D．Children from some smoking centers.

　　答案　C　

　?。甒hich of the following diseases may NOT be connected with secondhand smoking?

　　A．Cancer.

　　B．Behavioral problems.

　　C．Sore throats.

　　D．Coughs.

　　答案　B　

　　．The underlined word “vicious” in the sixth paragraph most probably means ________．

　　A．complete

　　B．simple

　　C．great

　　D．bad

　　答案　D　

　　5．What can be inferred from the passage?

　　A．About 80 percent of the children in the Shanghai Children's Medical Center smoke heavily.

　　B．About 45 percent of children suffer passive smoking in the Shanghai Children's Medical Center.

　　C．About 540 million people are heavy smokers in China.

　　D．Children aged between 13 to 18 are more likely addicted to smoking.

　　答案　D　

　　, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。

　　(2024·合肥市二模，E)

　　Telling fewer lies benefits people physically and mentally. Anita Kelly, study author and professor of psychology at the University of Notre Dame, employed 110 adults for her study. She divided them into two groups and asked one group to stop lying for 10 weeks. Lies included big ones and tiny ones—any false statements—but participants were still allowed to leave out the truth, keep secrets and avoid questions they didn't want to answer, etc. The other group wasn't given any special instructions about lying.

　　It turns out that both groups reduced their lying, but those who were specifically told to tell the truth improved their health more. “We found that the participants could purposefully and dramatically reduce their everyday lies, and that in turn was associated with significantly improved health，” said Kelly.

　　When participants in the nolie group told three fewer white lies than they did in other weeks, they experienced, on average, fewer mentalhealth complaints and physical complaints. They were less likely to feel tense or sad and also experienced fewer sore throats and headaches. They also reported that personal relationships improved.

　　Additionally,

　　participants found themselves honest about their daily accomplishments, and they stopped making up excuses for being late or failing to complete a task, for example.

　　“It's certainly a worthy goal to have people be more honest and interact with others in a more honest way，” says psychologist Robert Feldman. “That would be beneficial, I'm a little doubtful whether it makes us all healthier, but it may make us healthier in a psychological way.”

　　文章大意：本文是一篇科研報告。研究了撒謊和健康之間的關系。

　　1．Which of the following is true according to the text?

　　A．People who tell lies are healthier than those who don't.

　　B．Being honest can help cure sore throats and headaches.