2024屆高考英語一輪復習頂尖學案：選修7 Unit 21　Human Biology　人類生物學（北師大版）

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　　核心詞匯

　　1．In times of prosperity money ____________(流通；發行)quickly.

　　2．I’ll ____________(交換)you three of mine for one of yours.

　　3．He wrote a very____________(有爭議的)book but I think he’s since regretted it.

　　4．Those newspapers ____________(迎合)to the lowest tastes.

　　5．They ____________(延遲，延緩)sending an answer to the request.

　　核心詞匯

　　6．It is ____________(不合理的)to go out in such terrible weather.

　　7．I cannot ____________(忍受)your bad manners.

　　8．Dr.Thomas was c____________for violating medical ethics.

　　9．I shall give up my claim，in ____________(屈從)to your wishes.

　　10．Drinking is p____________and the p____________against drunken driving will save many lives.

　　1．circulates　2.swap　3.controversial　4.cater　5.postponed　6.absurd　7.tolerate　8.condemned　9.submission　10.prohibited；prohibition

　　高頻短語

　　1．________________

　　徒然；白費力氣

　　2．________________

　　隨便地；隨意地

　　3．________________

　　不管多大代價；無論如何

　　4．________________

　　立刻；馬上

　　5．________________

　　徹底消滅

　　6．________________

　　終止；消滅

　　7．________________

　　無論如何；至少

　　8．________________

　　推遲

　　9．________________

　　開始做

　　10．________________

　　教育；養育；嘔吐；引述

　　11．________________

　　經歷；通過

　　12．________________

　　通過(考試等)；完成

　　13．________________

　　聚焦；集中；對準

　　14．________________

　　長期地；永遠地

　　15．________________

　　遺漏；遺忘；錯過機會

　　1．in vain　2.at random　3.at all costs　4.straight away

　　5．wipe out　6.stop sth.in its tracks　7.at any rate

　　8．put off 　9.get down to 　10.bring up　11.go through

　　12．get through　13.focus on　14.for good(and all)

　　15．miss out

　　重點句式

　　1．Many contemporary amateur athletes________________world records________they________________the first Olympic Games.

　　許多當代的業余運動員如果參加了首屆奧運會，他們會打破很多項世界紀錄的。

　　2．Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but these were all__________.

　　弗洛伊德·蘭蒂斯做了幾次站不住腳的辯解，責怪他因傷服用的藥物，但是這些都是徒勞的。

　　3．________is compulsory for winners____________but other participants are only tested____________.

　　獲勝者要強制性地進行檢查，而其他參與者只是隨意地檢查。

　　4．The Olympic spirit－the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part ____________winning－has been violated by the desire to succeed ____________________.

　　人們不惜任何代價來獲勝的愿望違背了重在參與而不是獲勝的奧林匹克精神。

　　5．Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old，the Spanish Flu____________the most acute epidemic in history.

　　西班牙流感在18個月內使多達5千萬人喪命，并且發病的傾

　　向為：該病似乎專門侵襲年輕力壯的人而非老年人，被認為是歷史上最嚴重的流行病。

　　6．In Western Medicine，treatment is ________only________the part of the body that is ill.

　　在西方醫藥學里，治療的重點放在身體的病灶部分。

　　7．________________________thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.

　　很遺憾，由于無知，成千上萬的人們錯過了用傳統中醫治療的機會。

　　8．Traditional Chinese Medicine is finally getting the chance it ________to help create a healthier world.

　　傳統中醫終于獲得了應有的機會來幫助創造一個更加健康的世界。

　　1．would have broken；if ；had taken part in　2.in vain 　3.It；to be tested；at random　4.rather than；at all costs　5.is believed to have been　6.focused；on　7.It seems a real pity that　8.deserves

　　知識詳解

　　1 .abuse　vt.　濫用　n．　濫用；惡習

　　(回歸課本P34)Taking these drugs is known as“doping”and although they enhance performance，they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them.

　　眾所周知，服用這些藥物就是服用“興奮劑”，盡管興奮劑有助于提高成績，但同時也會給那些濫用興奮劑的運動員招來日后生活中的嚴重的健康麻煩。

　　歸納拓展

　　例句探源

　　①Laws have been passed to prevent government officials from abusing their power.通過立法防止官員濫用權力。

　　②They were so rude that they often abused each other in public.他們很粗魯，經常在大庭廣眾之下彼此辱罵。

　　③What she did was an abuse of her position as manager.

　　她的所作所為是濫用經理職權。

　　1．It has been revealed that some government leaders________their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.

　　A．employB．take

　　C．abuse

　　D．overlook

　　解析：選C。句意：一些政府領導被揭露濫用職權，非法為個人謀利。abuse 濫用，妄用(權力等)；(不當地)使用；employ 雇用，使用；take 拿，取；overlook 俯瞰，眺望；忽略。

　　2 .seek　vt. 尋求；追求；探求；探索

　　(回歸課本P34)Doping is not only a problem in athletics，it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so.

　　服用興奮劑不僅僅是田徑運動中存在的問題，而且是每個運動項目都存在的問題，體育運動員想在這些運動中取得超常的成績而準備欺騙。

　　歸納拓展

　　例句探源

　　①(2010年高考重慶卷)．..we seek to understand and communicate with things that exist only in our imaginations or on a computer screen.

　　……對于僅存在于我們想象中或者在電腦屏幕上的東西，我們力圖去理解并與之交流。

　　②We should constantly seek advice from the masses.

　　我們應當經常征求群眾的意見。

　　③We should never seek for fame and position.

　　我們決不應該追求名譽和地位。

　　2．Early editions of Shakespeare’s plays are much________after by collectors.

　　A．run B．sought

　　C．charged

　　D．seized

　　解析：選B。考查動詞辨析。句意：搜集家們大量搜尋莎士比亞戲劇的早期版本。seek after尋找，搜尋，追求，探索。

　　3 .tolerate　vt. 容忍；忍受

　　(回歸課本P34)The sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.

　　由于它是影響力大的欺騙形式，所以體育界是不會容忍運動員服用興奮劑的。

　　歸納拓展

　　例句探源

　　①(朗文P1628)I won’t tolerate your bad manners any longer.

　　我再也不能忍受你那種惡劣的態度了。

　　②The plants are tolerant of frost.

　　這些植物耐霜。

　　3．用所給詞的適當形式填空

　　(1)There was no________(tolerate)for anyone who broke ranks.

　　答案：tolerance

　　(2)I can’t tolerate________ ________(treat)as a child.

　　答案：being treated

　　4 .oppose　vt.　反對

　　(回歸課本P34)Gene-therapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.

　　基因治療是很有爭議的，許多人反對對它做進一步研究。

　　歸納拓展

　　①200 attended，as opposed to 300 the previous year.

　　出席的有200人，而前一年是300人。

　　②Your evidence opposes the fact.

　　你的證據與事實相背。

　　③I’m strongly opposed to your suggestion.

　　我堅決反對你的建議。

　　例句探源

　　4．Looking from this hill，you may think the ________hill is higher.

　　A．contrary　B．opposite

　　C．objective

　　D．opposing

　　解析：選B。考查形容詞辨析。根據句意，應該是對面的山，所以答案為B。contrary相反的；objective客觀的；opposing對立的；對方的。

　　5 .contradict　vt.　與(其他事物)相矛盾；反駁

　　(回歸課本P34)However，if a generation of sports stars with enhanced genes were created，it would contradict the whole spirit of sport.

　　然而，如果一代有強化基因的運動明星被造出來，這將有悖于整個運動精神。

　　歸納拓展

　　①(朗文P472)Your behaviour is in direct contradiction to the principles you claim to have.

　　你的行為和宣稱的原則相違背。

　　②What he did contradicted what he said.

　　他言行不一(相矛盾)。

　　③The two statements contradict each other.

　　兩種說法相互抵觸。

　　例句探源

　　5．完成句子

　　The driver’s words were completely________ ________ ________________________(與事實不符)．

　　答案：in contradiction to the fact

　　6 .postpone　vt.　推遲；延期

　　(回歸課本P37)Example 1 postpone

　　例1“阻止”

　　歸納拓展

　　①We’ll have to postpone the meeting until next week.

　　我們將不得不把會議推遲到下周舉行。

　　②They decided to postpone building the new school.

　　他們決定延遲興建新學校。

　　例句探源

　　易混辨析

　　postpone，delay，put off

　　三個詞或詞組后都不可以跟不定式。

　　(1)postpone是正式用語，語義較強，指有意識地延至將來某一特定時間，在多數情況下，后面說明何時進行。

　　(2)delay 指暫時阻撓或阻擋，稍后可再繼續進行，后跟耽擱的原因。

　　(3)put off與postpone 大致同義，但較口語化。

　　①(牛津P1545)The game has already been postponed three times.

　　②(牛津P527)Commuters will face long delays on the roads today.

　　③He keeps putting_off going to visit his uncle.

　　6．翻譯句子

　　(1)由于下雨我們推遲了比賽。

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　答案：We postponed the match because of rain.

　　(2)咱們在獲取更多信息之后再做出決定也不遲。

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　答案：Let’s postpone making a decision until we have more information.

　　(3)由于雙方隊員的沖突，比賽被迫推遲半個小時。

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　答案：The match was postponed for half an hour because of the conflict of players of the two sides.

　　7．It was an unpopular decision to postpone________the new school.

　　A．buildingB．to build

　　C．having built

　　D．to have built

　　解析：選A。考查postpone＋v.-ing。postpone后跟動詞用-ing形式，build將要發生而非已發生，故用動名詞的一般式。

　　7 .prohibit　vt. 　禁止；阻止

　　(回歸課本P38)．..，scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.

　　……，科學家們一直在做治療實驗以防止將來的再次爆發。

　　歸納拓展

　　【溫馨提示】　prohibit表示政府權威機構發布的禁令所禁止的東西，而ban除了具有上述意義之外，還具有譴責的意義。

　　例句探源

　　①(2010年高考陜西卷)If lawmakers do not do something soon to prohibit spam，the problem will certainly get much worse.如果法律的制定者不盡快采取措施去禁止垃圾郵件，問題當然會更糟。

　　②We are prohibited from drinking alcohol during working hours.工作時間內我們不得喝酒。

　　③The price prohibited us from buying it.

　　這東西價錢太高，我們買不起。

　　8．I fear that a prior engagement will ________me from joining you at dinner.

　　A．disagreeB．prohibit

　　C．allow

　　D．permit

　　解析：選B。句意：我有約在先，恐怕不能與你共進晚餐。根據fear一詞可以知道不能共進晚餐。A項搭配不對。

　　8 .decline　v．　下降；婉拒　n. 下降；減少

　　(回歸課本P40)Even though doctors don’t fully understand comas and the process of recovery，it is generally agreed that a patient’s chances of recovery decline the longer they stay in a coma.

　　雖然醫生們并沒有完全明白昏迷及其恢復過程，但是他們普遍認為病人持續昏迷的時間越長，會降低他們恢復的可能性。

　　歸納拓展

　　decline to do sth. 婉拒做某事

　　in decline 下降

　　decline in/of sth.在某方面減少/下降

　　fall/go into (a) decline 開始衰落；陷入衰退

　　例句探源

　　①(朗文P439)I offered to give them a lift but they declined.

　　我主動邀請他們搭車，但他們婉言謝絕了。

　　②An increase in cars has resulted in the decline of public transport.汽車的增加導致了公共交通的減少。

　　③Allen angrily declined to discuss the matter.

　　艾倫氣憤地拒絕談論此事。