必修五

　　Unit 4　Global warming

　　晨背三部曲（簡單句there be句型)

　　經(jīng)典佳句　

　　1．在把手上貼有我的姓名和住址。

　　There is a label on the handle with my name and address on it.

　　2．有很多學生持相反意見。

　　There remained many students holding an opposite view.

　　3．自2000年以來，我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨變。

　　There have been great changes in my hometown since 2000.

　　4．毫無疑問必須采取措施來預防網(wǎng)絡犯罪。

　　There's no doubt that measures should be taken to prevent online crimes

　　5．山腳處似乎有人在拍照。

　　There seems to be someone taking photos at the foot of the mountain.

　　句式仿寫

　　1．五年前這座河邊有一座老房子。

　　There_was_an_old_house by the river five years ago.

　　2．幾天來一直未下雨。

　　There_hasn't_been any rain for some days.

　　3．他的電腦好像出了一些問題。

　　There_seems_to_be something wrong with his computer.

　　Ⅰ.詞海拾貝

　　基礎記憶

　　1．random adj.　胡亂的；任意的

　　2．range n.

　　種類；范圍

　　3．glance vi.

　　看一下；掃視n.

　　一瞥

　　4．widespread adj.

　　分布廣的；普遍的

　　5．a(chǎn)verage adj.

　　平均的

　　6．a(chǎn)dvocate vt.

　　擁護；提倡；主張

　　7．casual adj.

　　隨便的；漫不經(jīng)心的；偶然的

　　8．circumstance n.

　　環(huán)境；情況

　　9．refresh vt.

　　使恢復；使振作

　　10．phenomenon n．現(xiàn)象→phenomena (pl.)現(xiàn)象

　　11．quantity n．量；數(shù)量→quality n．質量

　　12．tend vi.趨向；易于；照顧 vt.照顧；護理→tendency n．傾向；趨勢

　　13．oppose vt.反對；反抗；與(某人)較量→opposed adj.反對的；對立的

　　14．consequence n．結果；后果；影響→consequent adj.隨后發(fā)生的；作為結果的→consequently adv.因此；所以

　　15．steady adj.平穩(wěn)的；持續(xù)的；穩(wěn)固的→steadily adv.平穩(wěn)地；持續(xù)地

　　16．existence n．生存；存在→exist vi.存在

　　17．state vt.陳述；說明→statement n．說明；說法；表白

　　18．contribution n．貢獻→contribute v．貢獻；投稿

　　語境記憶

　　19．They contributed a lot of food and clothing to the refugees (難民) and their contributions will certainly help the refugees live through the winter.(contribute)

　　20．It was stated that the president made a statement announcing new policies to deal with the new situation.(state)

　　篇章記憶

　　Quantities of data and graphs indicate a steady widespread famine phenomenon as the consequence of the trend of advocating too much individual consumption.

　　Ⅱ.短語互譯

　　1.發(fā)生；造成　come_about

　　2．上升；增長；升起

　　go_up

　　3．即使

　　even_if

　　4．大體上；基本上

　　on_the_whole

　　5．代表……一方；作為……的代言人

　　on_behalf_of

　　6．忍受；容忍

　　put_up_with

　　7．只要

　　so_long_as

　　8．rather than

　　而不是

　　9．subscribe to

　　同意；贊成；訂購

　　10．quantities of

　　大量的

　　11．result in

　　導致

　　12．be opposed to

　　反對……

　　13．keep on

　　繼續(xù)

　　14．a(chǎn)nd so on

　　等等

　　Ⅲ.句型一覽

　　1.There is no doubt that ... 毫無疑問……

　　There_is_no_doubt_that (毫無疑問) the earth is becoming warmer ...

　　2．It is/was＋被強調部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分

　　It_is_human_activity_that (是人類活動) has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.

　　3．even if引導讓步狀語從句

　　Even_if (即使) we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.

　　4．a(chǎn)s/so long as引導的條件狀語從句

　　It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so_long_as (只要) you are using it — if not, turn it off!

　　5．It takes ... to do sth. 需要(時間、精力等)做某事

　　It_takes_a_lot_of_energy (需要大量能源) to make things from new materials, so, if you can, buy things made from recycled materials.

　　Ⅳ.語法自測——it的用法(2)

　　完成句子

　　1．It_is_only_if/when_you_realize/It_is_only_by_realizing the mistake that you will be able to find a solution to it.(realize)

　　只有意識到這個錯誤，你才能找到解決它的方法。

　　2．It was not_until_she_(had)_arrived_home_that she remembered the appointment with her doctor.(arrive)

　　直到她回到家才想起了和醫(yī)生的預約。

　　3．It is your efforts, not your intelligence, that_contribute_to your success.(contribute)

　　正是你的努力，而不是你的聰明促成你的成功。

　　4．It is I, rather than anybody else, who/that_am_to_blame_for the failure in the examination.(blame)

　　是我，而非其他任何人，應該為這次考試失利負責。

　　5．People seemed to have forgotten how_many_years_ago_it_was that the power stations were built there.(how)

　　人們似乎已經(jīng)忘了到底是多少年之前在那里建造了這些發(fā)電站。

　　1.subscribe vi.同意；捐贈；訂閱 vt.(簽署)文件；捐助

　　subscribe to同意；贊成；訂購

　　subscribe name

　　簽名

　　①The authorities no longer subscribe to the view that disabled people are unsuitable as teachers.

　　當局不再支持殘疾人不適合做教師的觀點。

　　②My main reason for subscribing to New Scientist is to keep the pace of advances in science.

　　我訂閱《新科學家》的主要原因是要跟上科學的進步。

　　【對點練習】

　　完成句子

　　Don't go and ask for her idea about our plan.Never will_she_subscribe_to the trip.(subscribe)

　　不要去問她對我們這個計劃的想法。她不會同意這次旅行的。

　　I have_subscribed_to several magazines recently. (subscribe)

　　最近我訂閱了幾份雜志。

　　2.quantity n．量；數(shù)量；大量

　　　大量；很多

　　a (large/small) quantity of

　　大量的/少量的

　　quantities of

　　大量；許多

　　(2)quality n.

　　質量

　　It's cheaper to buy goods in quantity/in large quantities.

　　大批量購貨較便宜。

　　②As far as I'm concerned, it is quality rather than quantity that really matters.

　　就我個人而言，真正重要的是質量而不是數(shù)量。

　　【關鍵一點】　a quantity of或quantities of后既可接可數(shù)名詞也可接不可數(shù)名詞，“a quantity of＋名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)；“quantities of＋名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。

　　【對點練習】

　　用所給詞的適當形式填空

　　①Large quantities of money have (have) been sent to the earthquake victims.

　　②There is (be) a large quantity of rain in the south this year.

　　3.oppose vt.反對；反抗；與(某人)較量

　　(1)oppose

　　　 oppose sth. to/against sth.

　　使某事物與另一事物對照或對抗

　　(2)opposed adj.

　　相反的；對立的

　　be opposed to ...

　　反對……；與……對立

　　Oppose your views against mine.

　　把你的觀點和我的觀點對照一下。　

　　②I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly.(2024·廣東閱讀B)

　　我一直堅決反對定期喂嬰兒。

　　【對點練習】

　　對比填空

　　父母反對女兒單獨去那里。

　　The parents

　　their daughter going

　　there alone.

　　4.range n．種類；范圍；幅度；界限 v．(在一定范圍內)變動；變化；排列

　　(1)a wide range of　一系列……

　　in/within range

　　在射程以內；在范圍內

　　beyond/out of range

　　在射程外；在范圍外

　　out of one's range

　　某人能力達不到的；某人知識以外的

　　(2)range from ... to ...

　　在……范圍內變動；包括(由……到……)之間的各類事物

　　range between ... and ...

　　在……和……范圍內變動

　　①In addition to these traditional activities, we have a wider range of choices such as travelling.(2024·遼寧書面表達)

　　除了這些傳統(tǒng)的活動外，我們有更多的選擇，比如旅游等。

　　②The price of the car ranges from 20,000 dollars to 30,000 dollars, which is out of his range.

　　這種車的價格從2萬美元到3萬美元不等，這超出了他的購買能力。

　　【對點練習】

　　寫出下列句中range的含義

　　①He spent a whole morning ranging his books on the shelf. 排列

　　②This weapon can kill at a range of 200 yards.射程

　　③Several cars are available within this price range.范圍

　　④The factory makes a whole range of tools.種類

　　⑤The children's ages range between 8 and 15.變化

　　5.glance vi.看一下；瞥一眼；匆匆一看；掃視 n．一瞥；掃視

　　(1)glance at/over/through　瀏覽；匆匆地看一眼

　　(2)at a glance

　　立刻；(只)看一眼

　　at first glance

　　乍一看；乍看之下

　　take/show/throw a glance (at sb./sth.)

　　(朝某人/某物)一瞥；看一眼

　　①The little girl glanced at the picture book and then put it away.

　　小姑娘匆匆看了一下這本圖畫書，就把它放到了一邊。

　　②She took a glance at the room before she left.

　　她略微環(huán)視了一下房間才離開。

　　【個性比較】　glance, gaze, glare, stare

　　glance 強調動作的短暫

　　gaze “凝視；注視”，因驚異或贊賞而長時間無意識地凝視某人或某物

　　glare “怒視”，帶有敵對或威脅的態(tài)度

　　stare “盯著看”，含有無禮或粗俗的意味

　　【對點練習】

　　用glance的相關短語完成下列句子

　　①乍一看，我認為它有點可笑。(北京書面表達)

　　At_first_glance,_I think it's a bit funny.

　　②他一眼就看出了問題所在。

　　He could tell at_a_glance what was wrong.

　　6.average adj.平均的；普通的；正常的；平常的 n．平均數(shù)；平均水平；一般水準 v．平均為；計算出……的平均數(shù)

　　(1)an average of平均有(后跟數(shù)詞)

　　on (the) average

　　平均起來

　　above/below average

　　在平均水平以上/以下

　　up to average

　　達到平均數(shù)；達到一般水準

　　(2)average out

　　算出平均數(shù)；平均達

　　①Men lose an average of 3－4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more.(2024·浙江閱讀B)

　　隨著年齡的增長，男子在身高上平均降低3－4厘米，女子可能降低5厘米或更多。

　　②Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week.(2024·安徽閱讀A)

　　平均起來，老年人每周洗澡低于3次。

　　③They averaged out the numbers and got the result 7.

　　他們算出這幾個數(shù)的平均數(shù)是7。

　　【語境串記】　There were 90 students getting full marks in the exam, an average of 18 students in each class.Tom's was above average while John's was below average.

　　在這次考試中有90名同學得到滿分，每個班級平均有18名。湯姆的成績在平均水平之上，而約翰的成績在平均水平之下。

　　【對點練習】

　　寫出下列句中average的含義

　　①The average of 4 and 6 is 5.平均數(shù)

　　②Our car averages 550 kilometres a week.平均為

　　③Scientists believe the world's average temperature has risen by about 0.8℃ since 1900. (2024·四川閱讀E)平均的

　　7.circumstance n．(pl.)環(huán)境；情況

　　①But when we're acting as leaders, the circumstances are different.(2011·江蘇任務型閱讀)

　　可是當我們擔任領導的時候，情況就不同了。

　　in/under the circumstances　在這種情況下；既然如此

　　in/under no circumstances

　　決不；無論如何都不(置于句首時，句子倒裝)

　　②Under the circumstances, it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.

　　在這種情況下，不告訴他有關這次事故的情況似乎更好。

　　③Under no circumstances should you lend him any money.

　　你無論如何都不該把錢借給他。

　　【對點練習】

　　用circumstance的相關短語完成下列句子

　　①在這種情況下，他覺得無法接受這項工作。

　　Under/In_the_circumstances he felt unable to accept the job.

　　②無論如何她的父母都不會讓她跟這樣自私的人結婚。

　　Under/In_no_circumstances_will her parents allow her to marry such a selfish man.

　　8.come about發(fā)生；造成

　　①Can you tell me how the accident came about?

　　你能告訴我事故是怎么發(fā)生的嗎？

　　②How did it come about that you were absent from such an important meeting yesterday?

　　昨天你缺席了這么重要的會議，這是怎么回事？

　　【關鍵一點】　happen, occur, take place, break out也有“發(fā)生”之意，該類詞匯不用于被動語態(tài)。

　　【個性比較】　come about, happen, take place, break out, occur

　　come about “發(fā)生；產(chǎn)生”，指要求解釋或說明事情發(fā)生的理由

　　happen “發(fā)生”，常用詞匯，指偶然的、意外的、具體客觀事物的發(fā)生或出現(xiàn)，尤其指自發(fā)的未能預見的事情的發(fā)生