2024高考英語閱讀理解一輪（暑假）訓練（3）及答案
2024高考英語閱讀理解一輪（暑假）訓練（3）及答案
【2024高考復習】閱讀理解In 2006，Paul Letourneau of Worcester，Mass，lost his parents，his home and his pet dog.And that August，his life-long mild depression took a turn for the worse as he became suicidal(有自殺傾向的)．
“I said I didn't want to be alive anymore，”Letourneau,67，recalled telling his best friend.
He and his friend had gone for a walk when Letourneau stopped and asked his friend about ways to die painlessly.His friend advised him to admit himself to a hospital.
“When I went back home，physically，I was shaking so much－and emotionally，I couldn't stop，”Letourneau said，“I knew I had to get help.”
For many men，it takes a lot more than feeling down to recognize that they are depressed and then step through the doors
of a hospital，or a friend's or relative's home to ask for help.Men who are depressed usually refuse to get appropriate treatment，depression experts and patients say.
“When men get depressed，the depression can be quite severe，”said Dr.lan Cook，professor of psychiatry at the Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.“The challenge is getting men to acknowledge that they're depressed.”
Depression affects about 15 million people in the United States，according to the National Institutes of Mental Health，and men get depressed about half as often as women.
“It's unclear how much of this is a reporting bias，”Cook
said.“The stigma(恥辱)issues are somewhat different for men than they are for women.”
“Men intend to consider that asking for help is a sign of
weakness，but when they can't complete the task of bringing themselves to the Promised Land，they become at risk.” said
Steven Lappen，who was once a depression patient.
【語篇導讀】 在美國，大部分男性抑郁癥患者由于種種原因不愿讓人知道他們的病情，因而不愿求助于他人，甚至不找醫(yī)生治療。等他們發(fā)現自己無能為力的時候已經晚了。
20．Which of the following about Paul Letourneau is TRUE?
A．He got sick with mild depression in 2006.
B．He made a very painful choice before he decided to go to the hospital.
C．He became suicidal because his depression was too hard to
cure.
D．He didn't commit suicide because his friend didn't tell him a painless way.
答案 B [細節(jié)理解題。由第四段內容可知，Letourneau在做出去看醫(yī)生的決定時，身心都遭受著痛苦。]
21．What does the author mainly want to tell us through Paragraph 5?
A．It takes men patients a lot of money to treat their disease.
B．Many men patients recognize their disease but refuse to see a doctor.
C．Men patients would rather get help from doctors than friends or relatives.
D．Many men patients feel down and refuse to let others know about their disease.
答案 D [段落大意題。本段主要是說很多男性抑郁癥患者不但會感到消沉，而且他們不愿承認自己患了抑郁癥，也不愿意求助醫(yī)生和朋友。]
22．How many women are suffering from depression in the U．S.according to the passage?
A．About 5 million.
B．About 7.5 million.
C．About 10 million.
D．About 15 million.
答案 C [細節(jié)理解題。由第七段內容可知，在美國受抑郁癥影響的人有大約一千五百萬，而男性患者是女性患者的一半，由此可知患有抑郁癥的婦女大約為一千萬。]
23．The underlined phrase“Promised Land”in the last paragraph refers to________.
A．a state of being mentally health
B．a place filled with sufferings
C．a place of interest
D．a state of death
答案 A [指代關系題。由最后一段內容可知，男人會把尋求幫助看成是軟弱的表現，但是假如他們在不求人的情況下不能擺脫抑郁癥的困擾而恢復健康的話，那就危險了。由此可知答案。]
24．It can be inferred from the passage that________.
A．reports about men with depression are usually false
B．men are more likely to become depressed than women
C．most people with depression have lost their relatives
D．the actual number of men with depression is larger than reported
答案 D [推理判斷題。由第五段和最后一段可知，很多男性抑郁癥患者都羞于讓人知道他們患??；再根據倒數二、三段可推知，報告中統計的男女抑郁癥患者的數字是有偏差的，男性患者的實際數字會高于報告中的數字。]
Passage four(preface) ? Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist. ? This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or – independently of any course – simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture. ? We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far form being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally. ? We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn’t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living. 1.According to the passage, ‘scientific subculture’ means [A] cultural groups that are formed by scientists. people whose knowledge of science is very limited. [C] the scientific community. [D] people who make good contribution to science. 2.We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because [A] it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists. Science affects almost every aspect of our life. [C] Scientists live in a specific subculture. [D] It is easier to understand general characteristics of science. 3.The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who [A] are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about science. are good at producing various gadgets. [C] work in a storehouse of dried facts. [D] want to have a superficial understanding of science. 4.According to this passage, [A] English is a sexist language. only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly. [C] women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language. [D] male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists. 5.This passage most probably is [A] a book review. the preface of a book. [C] the postscript of a book. [D] the concluding part of a book. Vocabulary subculture ? ? ? ? ? ?亞文化群（指在一個社會或一種文化內具有獨特性的一群人） superficial ? ? ?膚淺的，淺薄的，表面的 ? ? ? lay person ? ? ? ? ? ?外行，門外漢，俗人 musty ? ? ? ? ? ?發(fā)毒的，老朽的，陳腐的 gadget ? ? ? ? ? ?小玩意兒，小配件，新發(fā)明 pervasive ? ? ? ? ? ?滲透的，彌漫的，遍布的 populate ? ? ? ? ? ?居住于……中，在……中占一席之地 implicit ? ? ? ? ? ?含蓄的，內含的 unspecified ? ? ?未特別提出的 offset ? ? ? ? ? ?抵消，補償 難句譯注 An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist. 【參考譯文】如果一個人知道那些使科學家激動不已和灰心喪氣的東西，那就比較容易了解科學的一般（普遍）特征以及特殊科學概念。 We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitude and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are and what they do. 【參考譯文】我們希望這本書能引導讀者對科學觀念有一個更為廣闊的透視；對什么是科學、科學家是些什么人以及他們在干什么有一個更為現實的觀點。 In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture. 【參考譯文】另外，讀者可學會正確評價科學觀點與我們文化中無處不在的某些價值觀和哲學思想之間的關系。 This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. 【參考譯文】科學亞文化群中婦女作用越來越大。這不是難得一見的意外事件，而是，確切地說，在社會各部門顯著潮流的一部分由于越來越多婦女進入了傳統上為男子統治的領域并作出了重大的貢獻。 This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgement of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of human race equally. 【參考譯文】這一策略并不理想，但它至少承認了一個事實，那就是在平等對待人類另一半上，我們的語言功能還不全。 寫作方法與文章大意 這是一篇書的序言，作者用夾敘夾議的寫作方法介紹了書的涉及面及其功能。 首先提出科學是我們文化的重大主題，但人們也該了解科學家生活的亞文化群，只有懂得一些激勵和挫傷科學家的種種情況，才能理解科學的一般特征及其特殊概念。 第二方面指出書的讀者對象是對科學一知半解的學生及門外漢。書可作理工科課程的輔助（補充）讀物，又可獨立自成體系。它可開闊人們科學的視野，真正了解科學、科學家及其工作，理解科學和文化的關系，科學觀點和哲學的關系。 第三方面指出亞文化群中婦女增多，貢獻巨大，而我們的語言卻隱含這性別的歧視，難以充分平等地反映婦女。 最后指出書信息量大又具娛樂性，寓教于樂。 答案詳解 1.C 科學社區(qū)。答案在第一段第二句，人們也該了解科學家生活在其中的亞文化群以及他們是什么樣的人。第三段又講到，有關科學社區(qū)的畫面以及婦女對科學亞文化的貢獻。可見科學社區(qū)即亞文化。 A. 科學家所組成種種文化群體。 ?B. 科學知識有限的一些人。 ?C. ?對科學作出很大貢獻的人。 2.B 因為科學幾乎影響到我們生活的各個方面。文章開綜明旨點出：科學是我們文化中的重要主題，由于它幾乎涉及到我們生活的每一方面，有知識的人至少需要熟悉一些結構和作用。 3.A. 了解激發(fā)和挫傷科學家的事情可不太容易。（比較難） C. 科學家生活在特定的亞文化群中。D. 了解科學的一般特性比較容易。 A 不太了解科學的大學生或門外漢。第二段首句就點出了這本書為對科學一知半解的大學生和門外漢所寫，為某些人，一直把科學看作干巴巴的事實堆砌的發(fā)霉的石屋的人；為那種把科學的主要目的視為生產小配件的人；為那些把科學視為某種魔術的人而寫。這說明主要為A項人所寫，對科學了解不多的大學生和普通人。 B. 善于生產各種小配件。 ?C. 在干巴巴的事實堆砌的石屋中工作。 D. 相對科學有膚淺了解的人。 4.D 不應當用陽性的名詞和代詞去指科學家。第三段集中講了這本書提供精確而又現代的有關科學社區(qū)（社會）和居住在其中的人的畫卷。近年來，越來越多的婦女包括進來，原因是許多婦女進入傳統上為男人統治的領域，并作出巨大貢獻，所以婦女在科學亞文化群中的增多并不是罕見的偶然事件，而是社會各部門明顯趨勢的組成部分。在討論其變化和貢獻時，我們面臨著隱含性別歧視的語言――用陽性名詞和代詞來指未指定人物，為了消除這種偏頗，我們在可能和必要時采用了復數名詞和代詞來取代他或她。 A. 英語是一種性別語言。 B. 只有在科學領域中，婦女的作用增長很快。 C. 婦女在曉民我們語言中的不適當性作出了巨大的貢獻。根據此題注釋說明這三項都不對。英語不能說成是有性別的語言，其中雖有些詞性表示男性或女性。文內明確指科學界婦女增多是整個社會的趨勢的組成部分。由于婦女在科學界的貢獻，所以不能再用陽性名詞或代詞去指科學界，并不是在消滅語言…… 5.B 書的前言，見文章大意。 A. 書的評論。 C. 書跋、書的附錄。 D. 書的結論部分。
高考英語沖刺閱讀理解專項The Terrafugia, a small airplane that can drive on roads and has been billed as the first “ flying car,”is now one step closer to becoming street-and-sky-legal. The vehicle has cleared a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)(聯邦航空管理委員會）regulation for craft classification (分類）by weight. A well-designed production model might be just around the corner, according to multiple reports.
At issue was Mass-based company Terrafugia wanting its Transition vehicle to be classified as a “Light Sport Aircraft" by the FAA so people eager to fly it would need only 20 hours of flying time. Yet the two-seater vehicle came in 110 pounds (50 kilograms) overweight in providing roadworthy-assuring safety items. The FAA said that so long as customers are advised about this extra weight, the car-plane mixture can be sold.
The Terrafugia completed its maiden voyage last March in upstate New York. According to its maker, the Terrafugia can transform from a readable vehicle that can hit a highway speed of 65 miles per hour to a winged aircraft in 30 seconds.
The plane version can cruise at about 115 miles per hour ( 185 kilometers per hour) and cover about 400 miles ( 644 kilometers) worth of the area before needing a refill of regular unleaded gas.
The price of a Terrafugia is expected to be around $200,000 and deliveries could start next year, assuming the vehicle passes crash tests. The company has envisioned its vehicle as finding a home with amateur pilots who live near air fields, but as any Jetsons’ fan knows, flying cars might well be the wave of the future.
1. The underlined part in the Para. 1 “has been billed" means_____.
A. has been sold
B. has been advertised
C. has been ordered
D. has been designed
答案解析：答案為B。本題為詞義推斷題。由第一段 “The Terrafugia, a small airplane that can drive on roads and has been billed as the first “ flying car,”is now one step closer to becoming street-and-sky-legal...A well-designed production model might be just around the corner, according to multiple reports.”可知，根據報道名字叫Terrafugia的小型飛機模型或許馬上就會問世，因此“has been billed”意思應該是“has been advertised”意為“已經得到了宣傳”，故答案為B。
2. The author tells us in the passage that ______.
A. this vehicle can carry only two passengers
B. the driver should weigh less than 110 pounds
C. anyone can drive this flying car if they want
D. the car flies faster than a modern plane
答案解析：答案為A。本題為細節(jié)題。由第二段 “Yet the two-seater vehicle came in 110 pounds (50 kilograms) overweight in providing roadworthy-assuring safety items. The FAA said that so long as customers are advised about this extra weight, the car-plane mixture can be sold.”可知，這個交通工具有兩個座位，只能超載110磅，FAA說顧客只有知道了這個額外重量，汽車飛機才能賣給他們，故A選項正確，B、C選項錯誤。第三、四段分別介紹了這個飛機汽車在公路上的時速和空中飛行速度，沒有與現代飛機進行比較，故D選項錯誤。
3. It is mentioned in the passage that flying cars might be______.
A. popular
B. light
C. convenient
D. safe enough
答案解析：答案為A。本題為細節(jié)推理題。由最后一段最后一句話 “...flying cars might well be the wave of the future.” 可知，飛機汽車或許是未來的一種趨勢，故答案為A。
4. Which is the best possible title of the passage?
A. Coolest Vehicles You ’ 11 Never Get to Ride
B. Flying Car Could Transform Traffic Jam
C. Flying Car One Step Closer to Reality
D. Transportation in Future Time
答案解析：答案為C。 結合第一題的分析和第一段的首句 “The Terrafugia, a small airplane that can drive on roads and has been billed as the first “ flying car,”is now one step closer to becoming street-and-sky-legal.”可知，飛機汽車還差一步就能在陸地和天空通行，故答案為C。
2024高考英語閱讀理解一輪（暑假）訓練（3）及答案
【2024高考復習】閱讀理解In 2006，Paul Letourneau of Worcester，Mass，lost his parents，his home and his pet dog.And that August，his life-long mild depression took a turn for the worse as he became suicidal(有自殺傾向的)．
“I said I didn't want to be alive anymore，”Letourneau,67，recalled telling his best friend.
He and his friend had gone for a walk when Letourneau stopped and asked his friend about ways to die painlessly.His friend advised him to admit himself to a hospital.
“When I went back home，physically，I was shaking so much－and emotionally，I couldn't stop，”Letourneau said，“I knew I had to get help.”
For many men，it takes a lot more than feeling down to recognize that they are depressed and then step through the doors
of a hospital，or a friend's or relative's home to ask for help.Men who are depressed usually refuse to get appropriate treatment，depression experts and patients say.
“When men get depressed，the depression can be quite severe，”said Dr.lan Cook，professor of psychiatry at the Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.“The challenge is getting men to acknowledge that they're depressed.”
Depression affects about 15 million people in the United States，according to the National Institutes of Mental Health，and men get depressed about half as often as women.
“It's unclear how much of this is a reporting bias，”Cook
said.“The stigma(恥辱)issues are somewhat different for men than they are for women.”
“Men intend to consider that asking for help is a sign of
weakness，but when they can't complete the task of bringing themselves to the Promised Land，they become at risk.” said
Steven Lappen，who was once a depression patient.
【語篇導讀】 在美國，大部分男性抑郁癥患者由于種種原因不愿讓人知道他們的病情，因而不愿求助于他人，甚至不找醫(yī)生治療。等他們發(fā)現自己無能為力的時候已經晚了。
20．Which of the following about Paul Letourneau is TRUE?
A．He got sick with mild depression in 2006.
B．He made a very painful choice before he decided to go to the hospital.
C．He became suicidal because his depression was too hard to
cure.
D．He didn't commit suicide because his friend didn't tell him a painless way.
答案 B [細節(jié)理解題。由第四段內容可知，Letourneau在做出去看醫(yī)生的決定時，身心都遭受著痛苦。]
21．What does the author mainly want to tell us through Paragraph 5?
A．It takes men patients a lot of money to treat their disease.
B．Many men patients recognize their disease but refuse to see a doctor.
C．Men patients would rather get help from doctors than friends or relatives.
D．Many men patients feel down and refuse to let others know about their disease.
答案 D [段落大意題。本段主要是說很多男性抑郁癥患者不但會感到消沉，而且他們不愿承認自己患了抑郁癥，也不愿意求助醫(yī)生和朋友。]
22．How many women are suffering from depression in the U．S.according to the passage?
A．About 5 million.
B．About 7.5 million.
C．About 10 million.
D．About 15 million.
答案 C [細節(jié)理解題。由第七段內容可知，在美國受抑郁癥影響的人有大約一千五百萬，而男性患者是女性患者的一半，由此可知患有抑郁癥的婦女大約為一千萬。]
23．The underlined phrase“Promised Land”in the last paragraph refers to________.
A．a state of being mentally health
B．a place filled with sufferings
C．a place of interest
D．a state of death
答案 A [指代關系題。由最后一段內容可知，男人會把尋求幫助看成是軟弱的表現，但是假如他們在不求人的情況下不能擺脫抑郁癥的困擾而恢復健康的話，那就危險了。由此可知答案。]
24．It can be inferred from the passage that________.
A．reports about men with depression are usually false
B．men are more likely to become depressed than women
C．most people with depression have lost their relatives
D．the actual number of men with depression is larger than reported
答案 D [推理判斷題。由第五段和最后一段可知，很多男性抑郁癥患者都羞于讓人知道他們患病；再根據倒數二、三段可推知，報告中統計的男女抑郁癥患者的數字是有偏差的，男性患者的實際數字會高于報告中的數字。]
Passage four(preface) ? Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist. ? This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or – independently of any course – simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture. ? We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far form being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally. ? We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn’t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living. 1.According to the passage, ‘scientific subculture’ means [A] cultural groups that are formed by scientists. people whose knowledge of science is very limited. [C] the scientific community. [D] people who make good contribution to science. 2.We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because [A] it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists. Science affects almost every aspect of our life. [C] Scientists live in a specific subculture. [D] It is easier to understand general characteristics of science. 3.The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who [A] are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about science. are good at producing various gadgets. [C] work in a storehouse of dried facts. [D] want to have a superficial understanding of science. 4.According to this passage, [A] English is a sexist language. only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly. [C] women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language. [D] male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists. 5.This passage most probably is [A] a book review. the preface of a book. [C] the postscript of a book. [D] the concluding part of a book. Vocabulary subculture ? ? ? ? ? ?亞文化群（指在一個社會或一種文化內具有獨特性的一群人） superficial ? ? ?膚淺的，淺薄的，表面的 ? ? ? lay person ? ? ? ? ? ?外行，門外漢，俗人 musty ? ? ? ? ? ?發(fā)毒的，老朽的，陳腐的 gadget ? ? ? ? ? ?小玩意兒，小配件，新發(fā)明 pervasive ? ? ? ? ? ?滲透的，彌漫的，遍布的 populate ? ? ? ? ? ?居住于……中，在……中占一席之地 implicit ? ? ? ? ? ?含蓄的，內含的 unspecified ? ? ?未特別提出的 offset ? ? ? ? ? ?抵消，補償 難句譯注 An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist. 【參考譯文】如果一個人知道那些使科學家激動不已和灰心喪氣的東西，那就比較容易了解科學的一般（普遍）特征以及特殊科學概念。 We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitude and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are and what they do. 【參考譯文】我們希望這本書能引導讀者對科學觀念有一個更為廣闊的透視；對什么是科學、科學家是些什么人以及他們在干什么有一個更為現實的觀點。 In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture. 【參考譯文】另外，讀者可學會正確評價科學觀點與我們文化中無處不在的某些價值觀和哲學思想之間的關系。 This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. 【參考譯文】科學亞文化群中婦女作用越來越大。這不是難得一見的意外事件，而是，確切地說，在社會各部門顯著潮流的一部分由于越來越多婦女進入了傳統上為男子統治的領域并作出了重大的貢獻。 This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgement of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of human race equally. 【參考譯文】這一策略并不理想，但它至少承認了一個事實，那就是在平等對待人類另一半上，我們的語言功能還不全。 寫作方法與文章大意 這是一篇書的序言，作者用夾敘夾議的寫作方法介紹了書的涉及面及其功能。 首先提出科學是我們文化的重大主題，但人們也該了解科學家生活的亞文化群，只有懂得一些激勵和挫傷科學家的種種情況，才能理解科學的一般特征及其特殊概念。 第二方面指出書的讀者對象是對科學一知半解的學生及門外漢。書可作理工科課程的輔助（補充）讀物，又可獨立自成體系。它可開闊人們科學的視野，真正了解科學、科學家及其工作，理解科學和文化的關系，科學觀點和哲學的關系。 第三方面指出亞文化群中婦女增多，貢獻巨大，而我們的語言卻隱含這性別的歧視，難以充分平等地反映婦女。 最后指出書信息量大又具娛樂性，寓教于樂。 答案詳解 1.C 科學社區(qū)。答案在第一段第二句，人們也該了解科學家生活在其中的亞文化群以及他們是什么樣的人。第三段又講到，有關科學社區(qū)的畫面以及婦女對科學亞文化的貢獻?？梢娍茖W社區(qū)即亞文化。 A. 科學家所組成種種文化群體。 ?B. 科學知識有限的一些人。 ?C. ?對科學作出很大貢獻的人。 2.B 因為科學幾乎影響到我們生活的各個方面。文章開綜明旨點出：科學是我們文化中的重要主題，由于它幾乎涉及到我們生活的每一方面，有知識的人至少需要熟悉一些結構和作用。 3.A. 了解激發(fā)和挫傷科學家的事情可不太容易。（比較難） C. 科學家生活在特定的亞文化群中。D. 了解科學的一般特性比較容易。 A 不太了解科學的大學生或門外漢。第二段首句就點出了這本書為對科學一知半解的大學生和門外漢所寫，為某些人，一直把科學看作干巴巴的事實堆砌的發(fā)霉的石屋的人；為那種把科學的主要目的視為生產小配件的人；為那些把科學視為某種魔術的人而寫。這說明主要為A項人所寫，對科學了解不多的大學生和普通人。 B. 善于生產各種小配件。 ?C. 在干巴巴的事實堆砌的石屋中工作。 D. 相對科學有膚淺了解的人。 4.D 不應當用陽性的名詞和代詞去指科學家。第三段集中講了這本書提供精確而又現代的有關科學社區(qū)（社會）和居住在其中的人的畫卷。近年來，越來越多的婦女包括進來，原因是許多婦女進入傳統上為男人統治的領域，并作出巨大貢獻，所以婦女在科學亞文化群中的增多并不是罕見的偶然事件，而是社會各部門明顯趨勢的組成部分。在討論其變化和貢獻時，我們面臨著隱含性別歧視的語言――用陽性名詞和代詞來指未指定人物，為了消除這種偏頗，我們在可能和必要時采用了復數名詞和代詞來取代他或她。 A. 英語是一種性別語言。 B. 只有在科學領域中，婦女的作用增長很快。 C. 婦女在曉民我們語言中的不適當性作出了巨大的貢獻。根據此題注釋說明這三項都不對。英語不能說成是有性別的語言，其中雖有些詞性表示男性或女性。文內明確指科學界婦女增多是整個社會的趨勢的組成部分。由于婦女在科學界的貢獻，所以不能再用陽性名詞或代詞去指科學界，并不是在消滅語言…… 5.B 書的前言，見文章大意。 A. 書的評論。 C. 書跋、書的附錄。 D. 書的結論部分。
高考英語沖刺閱讀理解專項The Terrafugia, a small airplane that can drive on roads and has been billed as the first “ flying car,”is now one step closer to becoming street-and-sky-legal. The vehicle has cleared a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)(聯邦航空管理委員會）regulation for craft classification (分類）by weight. A well-designed production model might be just around the corner, according to multiple reports.
At issue was Mass-based company Terrafugia wanting its Transition vehicle to be classified as a “Light Sport Aircraft" by the FAA so people eager to fly it would need only 20 hours of flying time. Yet the two-seater vehicle came in 110 pounds (50 kilograms) overweight in providing roadworthy-assuring safety items. The FAA said that so long as customers are advised about this extra weight, the car-plane mixture can be sold.
The Terrafugia completed its maiden voyage last March in upstate New York. According to its maker, the Terrafugia can transform from a readable vehicle that can hit a highway speed of 65 miles per hour to a winged aircraft in 30 seconds.
The plane version can cruise at about 115 miles per hour ( 185 kilometers per hour) and cover about 400 miles ( 644 kilometers) worth of the area before needing a refill of regular unleaded gas.
The price of a Terrafugia is expected to be around $200,000 and deliveries could start next year, assuming the vehicle passes crash tests. The company has envisioned its vehicle as finding a home with amateur pilots who live near air fields, but as any Jetsons’ fan knows, flying cars might well be the wave of the future.
1. The underlined part in the Para. 1 “has been billed" means_____.
A. has been sold
B. has been advertised
C. has been ordered
D. has been designed
答案解析：答案為B。本題為詞義推斷題。由第一段 “The Terrafugia, a small airplane that can drive on roads and has been billed as the first “ flying car,”is now one step closer to becoming street-and-sky-legal...A well-designed production model might be just around the corner, according to multiple reports.”可知，根據報道名字叫Terrafugia的小型飛機模型或許馬上就會問世，因此“has been billed”意思應該是“has been advertised”意為“已經得到了宣傳”，故答案為B。
2. The author tells us in the passage that ______.
A. this vehicle can carry only two passengers
B. the driver should weigh less than 110 pounds
C. anyone can drive this flying car if they want
D. the car flies faster than a modern plane
答案解析：答案為A。本題為細節(jié)題。由第二段 “Yet the two-seater vehicle came in 110 pounds (50 kilograms) overweight in providing roadworthy-assuring safety items. The FAA said that so long as customers are advised about this extra weight, the car-plane mixture can be sold.”可知，這個交通工具有兩個座位，只能超載110磅，FAA說顧客只有知道了這個額外重量，汽車飛機才能賣給他們，故A選項正確，B、C選項錯誤。第三、四段分別介紹了這個飛機汽車在公路上的時速和空中飛行速度，沒有與現代飛機進行比較，故D選項錯誤。
3. It is mentioned in the passage that flying cars might be______.
A. popular
B. light
C. convenient
D. safe enough
答案解析：答案為A。本題為細節(jié)推理題。由最后一段最后一句話 “...flying cars might well be the wave of the future.” 可知，飛機汽車或許是未來的一種趨勢，故答案為A。
4. Which is the best possible title of the passage?
A. Coolest Vehicles You ’ 11 Never Get to Ride
B. Flying Car Could Transform Traffic Jam
C. Flying Car One Step Closer to Reality
D. Transportation in Future Time
答案解析：答案為C。 結合第一題的分析和第一段的首句 “The Terrafugia, a small airplane that can drive on roads and has been billed as the first “ flying car,”is now one step closer to becoming street-and-sky-legal.”可知，飛機汽車還差一步就能在陸地和天空通行，故答案為C。
