2006中考英語必看內(nèi)容-閱讀與表達(dá)

　　 上一講，我們復(fù)習(xí)了2006中考英語必看內(nèi)容-翻譯填空,這一講，我們來復(fù)習(xí)閱讀與表達(dá)。

　　 其實(shí)，這一部分在不同的省市體現(xiàn)為不同的題型，我們?cè)谠~把你籠統(tǒng)地稱為閱讀與表達(dá)。

　　第一種：改錯(cuò)

　　　　看下面的例子：

　　Ⅶ．短文改錯(cuò)（5%）

　　下面短文的劃線部分是錯(cuò)誤的，請(qǐng)改正，并將其正確答案寫在短文后面相應(yīng)題號(hào)后的橫線上。

　　John was a rich ① America man. One day he went into a shop when he was spending his holiday in London. He wanted very much to buy a nice-looking watch, but the owner of the shop asked five hundred dollars for it. Suddenly a young man came into the shop, took the watch out of the ② owners' hands and ran out with it. It all happened in a few seconds. When the owner ran out into the street, the young man was already ③ losing among the people. John went on. At the next corner, he saw the young man with the robbed watch in his hand. Do you want to buy a fine watch, sir? he asked in a low voice. It's only a hundred dollars. The young man doesn't know I saw him ④ robbed the watch, he thought. John paid for the watch at once and went back to his hotel with the watch. He told his friend Bill about the fine watch. Bill took a look at the watch and started laughing. He said, You are a fool. This watch isn't worth even ten dollars. I'm sure the shop owner and the young man ⑤ planed this together.

　　⒈________⒉_______ ⒊____ ⒋________ ⒌___

　　Ⅶ．短文改錯(cuò)（5%）

　　American, owner's, lost, robbing, planned

　　　　做這種題，我們一般要做到以下幾點(diǎn)

　　1.通讀全文，掌握大意。

　　　　做短文改錯(cuò)時(shí)應(yīng)該樹立整體意識(shí)，應(yīng)從短文整體入手，短文改錯(cuò)實(shí)際上間接地考查學(xué)生的文意理解和糾錯(cuò)能力，所以考生必須在閱讀并且在理解了文章的基礎(chǔ)上去發(fā)現(xiàn)并改正錯(cuò)誤。　　

　　2.整句理解，逐行分析。

　　　　在句子層次上進(jìn)行題目分析，短文改錯(cuò)盡管是按行設(shè)題，但是語言是以句子而不是以行為完整的意義單位的，所以解題時(shí)，要上下兼顧，不可顧此失彼。對(duì)錯(cuò)誤類型可從以下幾個(gè)方面著手：

　　　　1)查主、謂關(guān)系，前后人稱關(guān)系是否一致；

　　　　2)查時(shí)態(tài)是否一致，語態(tài)是否正確；

　　　　3)查非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式是否正確；

　　　　4)查介詞、連詞的誤用；

　　　　5)查是否多詞或少詞；

　　　　6)查形容詞和副詞是否誤用及其比較等級(jí)是否正確；

　　　　7)查冠詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞的誤用；

　　　　8)查習(xí)語固定搭配、詞組結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整。

　　　　9)查詞類混用。

　　　　10)查邏輯意義。

　　　　11)查結(jié)構(gòu)重疊。

　　　　12)查名詞的數(shù)。

　　　　短文改錯(cuò)注意上下文和時(shí)態(tài)。做題時(shí)以句子為單位，同時(shí)兼顧改錯(cuò)的原則。即：不能改變?cè)~義，不能輕易去掉動(dòng)詞、名詞等實(shí)詞，去掉的通常是固定搭配結(jié)構(gòu)中多余的部分。同樣添加的詞也是固定搭配中缺少的部分或者是定語從句中的先行詞或介詞。名詞的錯(cuò)誤多是可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的混用；形容詞的錯(cuò)誤多是比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的混用，或是比較級(jí)形式的重復(fù)使用；副詞錯(cuò)誤一般是該用副詞的地方用了形容詞。在分析句子的過程中，要對(duì)每句話的句子成分進(jìn)行分析，看看主謂、動(dòng)賓等結(jié)構(gòu)是否搭配得當(dāng)，句與句之間邏輯關(guān)系是否正確，上下文是否連貫。

　　3、復(fù)讀全文，檢查核對(duì)。

　　　　在復(fù)讀檢查過程中，既要看清詞和句子，更要注意整體的邏輯關(guān)系，特別是上下文的聯(lián)系，既要重視文字、句子的字面意思，又要弄清文字段落的內(nèi)在含義和內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系及篇章結(jié)構(gòu)。還要特別留意文章的意思是否連貫通順，是否符合邏輯。

　　第二種：主觀閱讀

　　例一：

　　Once Einstein gave a lecture in many places in America. His driver always listened to him and knew the lecture so well that he was sure be could give it himself. So Einstein agreed that the driver gave the lecture him.

　　As nobody knew Einstein there, the driver gave the lecture for Einstein that evening. At first he was a bit afraid, but Einstein's smile made him feel better. He gave a good lecture and the people were quite pleased.

　　Then the driver started to leave and Einstein followed him without a word. When they got to the door, a man asked the driver a difficult question.

　　The driver said that the question was very easy, and told the man to ask his driver behind to answer it.

　　　　根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，每空限填一詞。

　　Einstein gave the (1) ______ lecture again and again． His driver (2) ______ to his lecture so many times (3) ______ he wanted to give it (4) ______. When Einstein knew it, he let the driver (5) ______ the lecture for him that night. The driver gave a (6) ______ lecture and the great scientist was quite pleased.

　　When they were (7) ______ the lecture room, a man asked the driver a question. To show (8) ______ easy the question was, the driver asked Einstein who followed him (9) ______ to answer it (10) ______ of him.

　　答案：

　　1.same 2.listened 3.that 4.himself 5.give

　　6.good 7.leaving 8.how 9.quietly(behind) 10.instead

　　　　做這樣的題型，首先要理解文章的意思。在填空的時(shí)候要注意對(duì)語法知識(shí)的正確運(yùn)用，比如，名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)等等。下面，我們來看第二種主觀閱讀形式。

　　例二：

　　The English people like take-away food. The most popular food is fish and chips.They usually go to a fish and chip shop.They put the food in paper bags, and take it home, or to their work place. At lunch time, many people eat take-away food in the park. Chinese takeaways are also very popular in England. People in the USA and Australia like Chinese take-away food, too. But the most popular food in the USA is fried chicken.

　　根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容判斷正（T）誤（F）。

　　1.People in England like fish and chips.

　　2.Fish and chips are the most popular food in China.

　　3.The English people often go to a fish and chip shop.

　　4.They put the food in paper bags.

　　5.They take the food only to their work place.

　　6.They never eat take-away food in the park.

　　7.Chinese takeaways are popular in England.

　　8.People in Australia dont like Chinese take-away food.

　　9.The most popular food in Australia is fried chicken.

　　10. Fried chicken is the most popular food in the USA.

　　根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，用Ⅱ欄中適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語完成Ⅰ欄的內(nèi)容。

　　Ⅰ

　　11.Fish and chips are ____.

　　12.The English people go to a fish and chip shop ____.

　　13.People eat take-away food ____.

　　14.People take the food home ____.

　　15.The American people also like ____.

　　Ⅱ

　　A.in the park at lunch time.

　　B.Chinese take-away food.

　　C.the most popular take-away food in England.

　　D.or to their work place

　　E.to buy take-away food.

　　答案：1.T 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.F 10.T 11.C 12.E 13.A 14.D 15.B

　　　　這種主觀閱讀，相對(duì)于例一來說簡(jiǎn)單了很多。在通讀全文的情況下，進(jìn)行正誤判斷和填空應(yīng)該不是很難。

　　-

　　2006中考英語必看內(nèi)容-閱讀與表達(dá)

　　 上一講，我們復(fù)習(xí)了2006中考英語必看內(nèi)容-翻譯填空,這一講，我們來復(fù)習(xí)閱讀與表達(dá)。

　　 其實(shí)，這一部分在不同的省市體現(xiàn)為不同的題型，我們?cè)谠~把你籠統(tǒng)地稱為閱讀與表達(dá)。

　　第一種：改錯(cuò)

　　　　看下面的例子：

　　Ⅶ．短文改錯(cuò)（5%）

　　下面短文的劃線部分是錯(cuò)誤的，請(qǐng)改正，并將其正確答案寫在短文后面相應(yīng)題號(hào)后的橫線上。

　　John was a rich ① America man. One day he went into a shop when he was spending his holiday in London. He wanted very much to buy a nice-looking watch, but the owner of the shop asked five hundred dollars for it. Suddenly a young man came into the shop, took the watch out of the ② owners' hands and ran out with it. It all happened in a few seconds. When the owner ran out into the street, the young man was already ③ losing among the people. John went on. At the next corner, he saw the young man with the robbed watch in his hand. Do you want to buy a fine watch, sir? he asked in a low voice. It's only a hundred dollars. The young man doesn't know I saw him ④ robbed the watch, he thought. John paid for the watch at once and went back to his hotel with the watch. He told his friend Bill about the fine watch. Bill took a look at the watch and started laughing. He said, You are a fool. This watch isn't worth even ten dollars. I'm sure the shop owner and the young man ⑤ planed this together.

　　⒈________⒉_______ ⒊____ ⒋________ ⒌___

　　Ⅶ．短文改錯(cuò)（5%）

　　American, owner's, lost, robbing, planned

　　　　做這種題，我們一般要做到以下幾點(diǎn)

　　1.通讀全文，掌握大意。

　　　　做短文改錯(cuò)時(shí)應(yīng)該樹立整體意識(shí)，應(yīng)從短文整體入手，短文改錯(cuò)實(shí)際上間接地考查學(xué)生的文意理解和糾錯(cuò)能力，所以考生必須在閱讀并且在理解了文章的基礎(chǔ)上去發(fā)現(xiàn)并改正錯(cuò)誤。　　

　　2.整句理解，逐行分析。

　　　　在句子層次上進(jìn)行題目分析，短文改錯(cuò)盡管是按行設(shè)題，但是語言是以句子而不是以行為完整的意義單位的，所以解題時(shí)，要上下兼顧，不可顧此失彼。對(duì)錯(cuò)誤類型可從以下幾個(gè)方面著手：

　　　　1)查主、謂關(guān)系，前后人稱關(guān)系是否一致；

　　　　2)查時(shí)態(tài)是否一致，語態(tài)是否正確；

　　　　3)查非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式是否正確；

　　　　4)查介詞、連詞的誤用；

　　　　5)查是否多詞或少詞；

　　　　6)查形容詞和副詞是否誤用及其比較等級(jí)是否正確；

　　　　7)查冠詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞的誤用；

　　　　8)查習(xí)語固定搭配、詞組結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整。

　　　　9)查詞類混用。

　　　　10)查邏輯意義。

　　　　11)查結(jié)構(gòu)重疊。

　　　　12)查名詞的數(shù)。

　　　　短文改錯(cuò)注意上下文和時(shí)態(tài)。做題時(shí)以句子為單位，同時(shí)兼顧改錯(cuò)的原則。即：不能改變?cè)~義，不能輕易去掉動(dòng)詞、名詞等實(shí)詞，去掉的通常是固定搭配結(jié)構(gòu)中多余的部分。同樣添加的詞也是固定搭配中缺少的部分或者是定語從句中的先行詞或介詞。名詞的錯(cuò)誤多是可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的混用；形容詞的錯(cuò)誤多是比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的混用，或是比較級(jí)形式的重復(fù)使用；副詞錯(cuò)誤一般是該用副詞的地方用了形容詞。在分析句子的過程中，要對(duì)每句話的句子成分進(jìn)行分析，看看主謂、動(dòng)賓等結(jié)構(gòu)是否搭配得當(dāng)，句與句之間邏輯關(guān)系是否正確，上下文是否連貫。

　　3、復(fù)讀全文，檢查核對(duì)。

　　　　在復(fù)讀檢查過程中，既要看清詞和句子，更要注意整體的邏輯關(guān)系，特別是上下文的聯(lián)系，既要重視文字、句子的字面意思，又要弄清文字段落的內(nèi)在含義和內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系及篇章結(jié)構(gòu)。還要特別留意文章的意思是否連貫通順，是否符合邏輯。

　　第二種：主觀閱讀

　　例一：

　　Once Einstein gave a lecture in many places in America. His driver always listened to him and knew the lecture so well that he was sure be could give it himself. So Einstein agreed that the driver gave the lecture him.

　　As nobody knew Einstein there, the driver gave the lecture for Einstein that evening. At first he was a bit afraid, but Einstein's smile made him feel better. He gave a good lecture and the people were quite pleased.

　　Then the driver started to leave and Einstein followed him without a word. When they got to the door, a man asked the driver a difficult question.

　　The driver said that the question was very easy, and told the man to ask his driver behind to answer it.

　　　　根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，每空限填一詞。

　　Einstein gave the (1) ______ lecture again and again． His driver (2) ______ to his lecture so many times (3) ______ he wanted to give it (4) ______. When Einstein knew it, he let the driver (5) ______ the lecture for him that night. The driver gave a (6) ______ lecture and the great scientist was quite pleased.

　　When they were (7) ______ the lecture room, a man asked the driver a question. To show (8) ______ easy the question was, the driver asked Einstein who followed him (9) ______ to answer it (10) ______ of him.

　　答案：

　　1.same 2.listened 3.that 4.himself 5.give

　　6.good 7.leaving 8.how 9.quietly(behind) 10.instead

　　　　做這樣的題型，首先要理解文章的意思。在填空的時(shí)候要注意對(duì)語法知識(shí)的正確運(yùn)用，比如，名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)等等。下面，我們來看第二種主觀閱讀形式。

　　例二：

　　The English people like take-away food. The most popular food is fish and chips.They usually go to a fish and chip shop.They put the food in paper bags, and take it home, or to their work place. At lunch time, many people eat take-away food in the park. Chinese takeaways are also very popular in England. People in the USA and Australia like Chinese take-away food, too. But the most popular food in the USA is fried chicken.

　　根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容判斷正（T）誤（F）。

　　1.People in England like fish and chips.

　　2.Fish and chips are the most popular food in China.

　　3.The English people often go to a fish and chip shop.

　　4.They put the food in paper bags.

　　5.They take the food only to their work place.

　　6.They never eat take-away food in the park.

　　7.Chinese takeaways are popular in England.

　　8.People in Australia dont like Chinese take-away food.

　　9.The most popular food in Australia is fried chicken.

　　10. Fried chicken is the most popular food in the USA.

　　根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，用Ⅱ欄中適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語完成Ⅰ欄的內(nèi)容。

　　Ⅰ

　　11.Fish and chips are ____.

　　12.The English people go to a fish and chip shop ____.

　　13.People eat take-away food ____.

　　14.People take the food home ____.

　　15.The American people also like ____.

　　Ⅱ

　　A.in the park at lunch time.

　　B.Chinese take-away food.

　　C.the most popular take-away food in England.

　　D.or to their work place

　　E.to buy take-away food.

　　答案：1.T 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.F 10.T 11.C 12.E 13.A 14.D 15.B

　　　　這種主觀閱讀，相對(duì)于例一來說簡(jiǎn)單了很多。在通讀全文的情況下，進(jìn)行正誤判斷和填空應(yīng)該不是很難。

　　-