高考英語語法復習——情態動詞
根據以往英語取得高分同學的經驗和海文英語輔導名師的建議，他們都一致認為英語語法和詞匯是學好、考好英語的重要基礎，其實完形填空是對語法、詞匯的綜合考查，但更關鍵的是學好此部分有助于對英語句子結構的分析和理解，有助于學生掌握靈活多變的句式，這樣不僅有助于學生做好閱讀理解，而且有助于學生做好英譯漢，寫好作文。因此，我們在此編寫了有關重點語法的知識點，并將陸續登出，同時將刊登一些試題。希望同學們認真掌握，切不可因不靠它們而忽視了對英語基礎知識的掌握。
(一)情態動詞
一.情態動詞的現在完成式的用法
情態動詞現在完成式主要有兩個功能：表示已經發生的情況和表示虛擬語氣。在這兩個方面must/mustncan/cannneed/neednmay/maynmight/mightnshould/shouldn
ougtht等情態動詞+完成式表示的意思是有一定區別的
1.表示已經發生的情況。
1)must have+過去分詞，表示對已發生情況的肯定推測，譯為(昨天)一定。如：
My pain apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: Are you feeling all right?
[A] must be [B] had been [C] must have been [D] had to be
(答案為C)
2)cant / couldnt have+過去分詞，表示對已發生情況的否定推測，譯為(昨天)一定沒。如：
Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.
[A] couldnt have received [B] ought to have received
[C] has received [D] shouldnt have received
(答案為A)
3)may / might have +過去分詞，表示對已發生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推測，或事實上根本沒發生，譯為也許。如：
At Florida Powers Crystal River plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician.
2.表示虛擬語氣。
1) neednt have + 過去分詞，表示做了不必做的事，相當于didnt need to do,譯為其實沒必要。如：
You neednt have come over yourself.
As it turned out to be a small house party, we so formally.
[A] neednt dress up [B]did not need have dressed up
[C] did not need dress up [D] neednt have dressed up
(沒有必要穿的那么正式，體現是說話者的建議，實際結果是否真的穿的很正式沒有確定，答案為D)
2)should have +過去分詞，表示應該做某事但實際上未做，譯為本應該should not + have過去分詞表示本不應該做某事但實際上做了，譯為本不應該。如：
I regret having left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully.
我本來應該事先認真地把每件事情規劃的很好，但實際上作者還是沒有規劃好，以至工作沒有完成。
3) ought to have +過去分詞，表示動作按理該發生了，但實際上未發生，譯為該，與should 的完成式含義類似。如：
The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke .
4) could have +過去分詞，表示過去本來可以做但卻未做，譯為完全可以。這點與ought/should/ have +過去分詞用法相似。如：
What you said is right, but you could have phrased it more tactfully.
5) may/ might have +過去分詞，表示過去可以做但實際未做，譯為(那樣)也許會。如：
It might have been better to include more punchy statistics and photos of equipment in the introduction to further assist first-time office automation managers.
二.幾個情態動詞常考的句型：
1).may/might (just) as well 不妨，最好，與had better相近;
Since the flight was cancelled, you might as well go by train.
既然航班已經取消了，你不妨乘火車吧。相當于you had better go by train。
2) .cannot / canttoo 越越好，怎么也不過分。注意這個句型的變體cannotover.如：
You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.駕車時候，越小心越好。
The final chapter covers organizational change and development. This subject cannot be over emphasized .
3) .usednt 或didt use to 為used to (do) 的否定式。
4).should 除了應該一層意思外，考研大綱還規定要掌握其竟然的意思。如：I didnt expect that he should have behaved like that. 我無法想象他竟然這樣做。
三.情態動詞被動關系的主動表達法
1. want, require, worth(形容詞)后面接doing也可以表示被動意義。
Your hair wants cutting
The book is worth reading
The floor requires washing.
2.need既可以用need to be done 也可以使用need doing ，兩種形式都表達被動的意義
The house needs painting= the house needs to be painted.
The watch needed repairing= the watch needed to be repaired.
根據以往英語取得高分同學的經驗和海文英語輔導名師的建議，他們都一致認為英語語法和詞匯是學好、考好英語的重要基礎，其實完形填空是對語法、詞匯的綜合考查，但更關鍵的是學好此部分有助于對英語句子結構的分析和理解，有助于學生掌握靈活多變的句式，這樣不僅有助于學生做好閱讀理解，而且有助于學生做好英譯漢，寫好作文。因此，我們在此編寫了有關重點語法的知識點，并將陸續登出，同時將刊登一些試題。希望同學們認真掌握，切不可因不靠它們而忽視了對英語基礎知識的掌握。
(一)情態動詞
一.情態動詞的現在完成式的用法
情態動詞現在完成式主要有兩個功能：表示已經發生的情況和表示虛擬語氣。在這兩個方面must/mustncan/cannneed/neednmay/maynmight/mightnshould/shouldn
ougtht等情態動詞+完成式表示的意思是有一定區別的
1.表示已經發生的情況。
1)must have+過去分詞，表示對已發生情況的肯定推測，譯為(昨天)一定。如：
My pain apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: Are you feeling all right?
[A] must be [B] had been [C] must have been [D] had to be
(答案為C)
2)cant / couldnt have+過去分詞，表示對已發生情況的否定推測，譯為(昨天)一定沒。如：
Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.
[A] couldnt have received [B] ought to have received
[C] has received [D] shouldnt have received
(答案為A)
3)may / might have +過去分詞，表示對已發生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推測，或事實上根本沒發生，譯為也許。如：
At Florida Powers Crystal River plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician.
2.表示虛擬語氣。
1) neednt have + 過去分詞，表示做了不必做的事，相當于didnt need to do,譯為其實沒必要。如：
You neednt have come over yourself.
As it turned out to be a small house party, we so formally.
[A] neednt dress up [B]did not need have dressed up
[C] did not need dress up [D] neednt have dressed up
(沒有必要穿的那么正式，體現是說話者的建議，實際結果是否真的穿的很正式沒有確定，答案為D)
2)should have +過去分詞，表示應該做某事但實際上未做，譯為本應該should not + have過去分詞表示本不應該做某事但實際上做了，譯為本不應該。如：
I regret having left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully.
我本來應該事先認真地把每件事情規劃的很好，但實際上作者還是沒有規劃好，以至工作沒有完成。
3) ought to have +過去分詞，表示動作按理該發生了，但實際上未發生，譯為該，與should 的完成式含義類似。如：
The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke .
4) could have +過去分詞，表示過去本來可以做但卻未做，譯為完全可以。這點與ought/should/ have +過去分詞用法相似。如：
What you said is right, but you could have phrased it more tactfully.
5) may/ might have +過去分詞，表示過去可以做但實際未做，譯為(那樣)也許會。如：
It might have been better to include more punchy statistics and photos of equipment in the introduction to further assist first-time office automation managers.
二.幾個情態動詞常考的句型：
1).may/might (just) as well 不妨，最好，與had better相近;
Since the flight was cancelled, you might as well go by train.
既然航班已經取消了，你不妨乘火車吧。相當于you had better go by train。
2) .cannot / canttoo 越越好，怎么也不過分。注意這個句型的變體cannotover.如：
You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.駕車時候，越小心越好。
The final chapter covers organizational change and development. This subject cannot be over emphasized .
3) .usednt 或didt use to 為used to (do) 的否定式。
4).should 除了應該一層意思外，考研大綱還規定要掌握其竟然的意思。如：I didnt expect that he should have behaved like that. 我無法想象他竟然這樣做。
三.情態動詞被動關系的主動表達法
1. want, require, worth(形容詞)后面接doing也可以表示被動意義。
Your hair wants cutting
The book is worth reading
The floor requires washing.
2.need既可以用need to be done 也可以使用need doing ，兩種形式都表達被動的意義
The house needs painting= the house needs to be painted.
The watch needed repairing= the watch needed to be repaired.
