大學英語四級聽力四大題型全解析
四級聽力題目構成與比例
小對話： 8% 選擇題共8道對話，每題長約1分鐘
長對話： 7% 選擇題共2段對話，每段長約3分鐘
聽力短文： 10% 選擇題共3篇文章，每篇長約3分鐘
復合式聽寫：10% 聽寫填空填8個單詞和三句話，放音三遍，共計8分鐘
聽力位于考試的卷二部分，共占全卷35%。
第一部分：小對話
做題方式：視聽反向原則、同義替換原則，第二句話易為考點。
例題：
A) She must have paid a lot for the gym. B) She is known to have a terrific figure.
C) Her gym exercise has yielded good results. D) Her effort to keep fit is really praiseworthy.
Woman: Ive been working out the gym since January. I was a bit out of shape.
Man: You look terrific! It seems that your effort has paid off.
Question: What does the man imply about the woman?
解析：可以明顯看出，本題的答案為C(她的健身房聯(lián)系獲得了好的結果)。yielded good results和原文中的your effort has paid off產生了替換作用。其中，類似gym和terrific、efforts等這樣明顯的詞匯是特別需要慎選的，因為這些詞匯都在原文中被明顯播讀過。另外本題目中還包括很多有用的說法：例如terrific figure (魔鬼身材)paid off(發(fā)生效果)，以及重復考過的out of shape (身材走樣) 等等。
例題：
W: There were more than a hundred people at Kates birthday party. How come shes got so many friends?
M: Its really no surprise. You know she was popular even when she was a child.
Q: What does the man imply about Kate?
M: My washing machine is more than fifteen years old and it has worked just fine until last night。
W: Youll never be able to get parts for it, even from Japan. So it might be time to invest a more recent model。
Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
W: I heard about your promotion, you must be thrilled。
M: Not really, the new office is huge, but the word load has doubled。
Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
以上三道小對話，都把問題的設計方向安排在第二句的位置上。所以，考生在解題時需要將自己的聽力重點放在第二句上。
第二部分：長對話
做題方式：視聽基本一致原則，場景解題原則
視聽基本一致的含義是指，聽到的原文和看到的選項若基本一致，則選項容易為正確選擇。這一點和短對話的原則恰恰相反，請考生一定注意。另外，考生還應注意長對話第一回合句，轉折關系以及語調變化等。
例題：
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. A) He prefers the smaller evening classes C) He has to work during the day.
B) He has signed up for a day course. D) He finds the evening course cheaper.
20. A) Learn a computer language. C) Buy some computer software.
B) Learn data processing. D) Buy a few coursebooks.
答案：C B
聽力原文(部分節(jié)選)：
Woman: Hello, Parkson College. May I help you?
Man: Yes. Im looking for information on courses in computer programming. I would need it for the fourth semester.
W: Do you want a day or evening course?
M: Well, it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day(19題答案點在此處直接被讀出).
W: Aha. Have you taken any courses in data processing?
M: No.
W: Oh. Well, data processing is a course you have to take(20題答案點在此處被讀到) before you can take computer programming.
19. Why does the man choose to take an evening course?
20. What does the man have to do before taking the course of computer programming?
特別需要指出的是，本題發(fā)生的主題場景就在大學Parkson College，學生向老師咨詢課程(courses)的內容。這時，做完題目的考生得問問自己：選修課必修課，大課小課，講座展示，學分學時這類詞匯和短語我們都會說么?(具體內容請?zhí)貏e關注本期七大聽力高頻詞匯)
第三部分：短文聽力
短文聽力一般篇幅比較長，而且問題又出現(xiàn)在整個材料讀完之后，所以對很多考生來說，如果完全聽完材料，再聽問題最后選擇的話，就很容易忘記剛剛在材料中所聽到的內容，尤其是當考察一些細節(jié)題目的時侯。針對這一情況，我們提供如下四種方法，在聽材料的同時選出答案來。分別是：首尾法、視聽一致原則、替換法、短詞題解題法。
1、首尾法：根據(jù)統(tǒng)計，一篇聽力材料，比較容易出題的地方是這篇材料的前幾句和后幾句。而且分別針對的是這篇材料所對應題目的第一道和最后一道。因此，對于慢熱型(聽過幾句話之后，才能集中起注意力來，但這時很可能第一道題目的正確答案已經被讀過)的同學來說，從材料的第一句話就要開始注意聽了。一旦錯過了正確答案針對的那句話，就可能沒有機會選出正確選項了。下面舉一個典型的例子：
Q32: Why is life said to be difficult for Hollywood kids?
Q35: What will probably have negative effects on the lives of Hollywood kids?
32. A) The atmosphere they live in is rather unreal.
B) Their parents put too much pressure on them.
C) Its hard for them to get along with other kids.
D) They have to live in the shadow of their parents.
35. A) The lifestyle depicted in Hollywood movies.
B) The worship of money, beauty and pleasure.
C) The attention the media focuses on them.
D) The pursuing of perfection in performance.
In Hollywood, everybody wants to be rich, famous and beautiful. Nobody wants to be old, unknown and poor. For Hollywood kids, life can be difficult, because they grow up in such an unreal atmosphere. Their parents are ambitious and the children are part of the parents ambitions. (首段)Hollywood has always been the city of dreams. The kids there live unreal lives where money, beauty and pleasure are the only gods. Will children around the world soon start to think the same? Or do they already? (末段)
根據(jù)首段和末段的內容，我們很容易分析出，32題的答案是A，35題的答案是B。
2、同義替換法：如上題，在長對話和短文聽力這兩種題型中，約有30%的題目采用了替換法，采用同義的短語或單詞替換。我們依舊以歷年真題中的比較典型的一篇短文聽力為例，這篇短文聽力共有相對應的四道題目，都可以用我們的替換法解答。
14. A) He didnt like physics any more. B) His eyesight was too poor.
C) Physics was too hard for him. D) He had to work to support himself.(D)
15. A) He was not happy with the new director.
B) He was not qualified to be an engineer.
C) He wanted to travel.
D) He found his job boring.(A)
16. A) He wanted to work with his friend.
B) He enjoyed traveling around the world.
C) He wanted to go to Spain.
D) He was rejected by the engineering firm.(C)
17. A) He enjoyed teaching English.
B) He wanted to earn more to support his family.
C) The owner of the school promised him a good position.
D) He could earn more as a teacher than as a travel agent.(B)
聽力原文(部分)及問題如下
When I was at school, my ambition was to be a pilot in the Air Force. But my eyesight wasnt good enough. So I had to give up the idea. I went to university and studies physics. I wanted to stay on there and do research, but my father died at about that time. (14)So I thought Id better get a job and earn my living. I started working in an engineering firm. I expected to stay in that job for a long time. But then, they appointed a new managing director.(15) I didnt get on with him, so I resigned and applied for a job with another engineering company. He offered me a job in Spain.(16)And Ive always liked Spain, so I took it. I worked in the travel agency for two years and then they wanted to send me to South America. But I had just got married. So I decided to stay here. (17)Then we had a baby and I wasnt earning enough to support the family. So I started giving English lessons at a school in the evening.
Questions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.
14. Why did the man give up studying physics?
15. Why did the man resign from the engineering firm?
16. Why did the man take the job at the travel agency?
17. Why did the man start to teach English part time?
解析：
14和15是在同義短語結構上的替換。
第14題，正確答案是D，是把原文中的結構earn my living換成了選項中的support himself，其含義是謀生。(D)
第15題，正確答案是A，是把原文中的結構not get on with somebody換成了選項中的not happy with somebody，其含義是與某人相處的不好。
16和17題是在句義上的替換。
第16題，正確答案是C，是把原文中的結構Ive always liked Spain換成了選項中的He wanted to go to Spain。
第17題，正確答案是B，是把原文中的結構I wasnt earning enough to support the family.換成了選項中的He wanted to earn more to support his family。
3、視聽一致原則：這個方法已經在之前的長對話中演示過了。
4、短詞題解題法：短詞題指的是選項只有極少量單詞構成，很多時候只有一個單詞。解答這種題目采用的方法是重復法，即，哪個選項中的單詞被讀到的次數(shù)最多就為正確選項，例如，在某年考試中，有些題目被最多地讀到了5次。另外，短詞題的重復法不僅可以使用于短文聽力，而且可以使用為長對話，例如：
A)Translator. B)Travel agent. C)Language instructor. D)Environmental engineer.
其中，A選項中的translator被讀到了3次，可判斷為正確選項。而其他單詞均未被讀到。
第四部分：復合式聽寫
復合式聽寫要求些八個單詞和三個句子。改革之后的四級考試，它是每年必考的題型，也是考生認為最難的一種題型，但并非無法可解。
首先，針對于八個單詞的注意點如下：
第一、注意積累拼寫難度較高的詞匯
平時用慣了電腦的word糾錯功能，便對某些拼寫難度較高的詞匯完全漠視。例如assignment(作業(yè))convenient(方便)government(政府)其實，這些單詞不是整體非常難寫，而是在某些位置非常難寫。例如，convenient的ve是容易寫錯的，government的n是最容易丟掉的等等平時注意訓練，上考場時就坦蕩多了;
第二、注意聽寫句子的一些技巧
句子共播放三遍，每一遍可以都有不同側重：
第一遍：先寫下句子的開頭，尤其是主語，并注意句子的大意;
第二遍：若感覺句子實在太難，可以放棄中間部分，努力寫下句子的結尾;
第三遍：努力地把句子中間的部分寫出一些。
只有寫出完整準確的句子才可以獲得滿分，但是只寫出句子的部分也是可以得到相應分數(shù)的，所以最忌諱全面放棄。
第三、可以適當改寫
What we may find interesting is that it usually takes more words to be polite.
若可以聽懂大意，則可以寫成簡單的its interesting that more words are polite.
另外，聽寫完畢后的檢查也很重要，最重要的三個條目是：大小寫、時態(tài)和單復數(shù)。
四級聽力題目構成與比例
小對話： 8% 選擇題共8道對話，每題長約1分鐘
長對話： 7% 選擇題共2段對話，每段長約3分鐘
聽力短文： 10% 選擇題共3篇文章，每篇長約3分鐘
復合式聽寫：10% 聽寫填空填8個單詞和三句話，放音三遍，共計8分鐘
聽力位于考試的卷二部分，共占全卷35%。
第一部分：小對話
做題方式：視聽反向原則、同義替換原則，第二句話易為考點。
例題：
A) She must have paid a lot for the gym. B) She is known to have a terrific figure.
C) Her gym exercise has yielded good results. D) Her effort to keep fit is really praiseworthy.
Woman: Ive been working out the gym since January. I was a bit out of shape.
Man: You look terrific! It seems that your effort has paid off.
Question: What does the man imply about the woman?
解析：可以明顯看出，本題的答案為C(她的健身房聯(lián)系獲得了好的結果)。yielded good results和原文中的your effort has paid off產生了替換作用。其中，類似gym和terrific、efforts等這樣明顯的詞匯是特別需要慎選的，因為這些詞匯都在原文中被明顯播讀過。另外本題目中還包括很多有用的說法：例如terrific figure (魔鬼身材)paid off(發(fā)生效果)，以及重復考過的out of shape (身材走樣) 等等。
例題：
W: There were more than a hundred people at Kates birthday party. How come shes got so many friends?
M: Its really no surprise. You know she was popular even when she was a child.
Q: What does the man imply about Kate?
M: My washing machine is more than fifteen years old and it has worked just fine until last night。
W: Youll never be able to get parts for it, even from Japan. So it might be time to invest a more recent model。
Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
W: I heard about your promotion, you must be thrilled。
M: Not really, the new office is huge, but the word load has doubled。
Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
以上三道小對話，都把問題的設計方向安排在第二句的位置上。所以，考生在解題時需要將自己的聽力重點放在第二句上。
第二部分：長對話
做題方式：視聽基本一致原則，場景解題原則
視聽基本一致的含義是指，聽到的原文和看到的選項若基本一致，則選項容易為正確選擇。這一點和短對話的原則恰恰相反，請考生一定注意。另外，考生還應注意長對話第一回合句，轉折關系以及語調變化等。
例題：
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. A) He prefers the smaller evening classes C) He has to work during the day.
B) He has signed up for a day course. D) He finds the evening course cheaper.
20. A) Learn a computer language. C) Buy some computer software.
B) Learn data processing. D) Buy a few coursebooks.
答案：C B
聽力原文(部分節(jié)選)：
Woman: Hello, Parkson College. May I help you?
Man: Yes. Im looking for information on courses in computer programming. I would need it for the fourth semester.
W: Do you want a day or evening course?
M: Well, it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day(19題答案點在此處直接被讀出).
W: Aha. Have you taken any courses in data processing?
M: No.
W: Oh. Well, data processing is a course you have to take(20題答案點在此處被讀到) before you can take computer programming.
19. Why does the man choose to take an evening course?
20. What does the man have to do before taking the course of computer programming?
特別需要指出的是，本題發(fā)生的主題場景就在大學Parkson College，學生向老師咨詢課程(courses)的內容。這時，做完題目的考生得問問自己：選修課必修課，大課小課，講座展示，學分學時這類詞匯和短語我們都會說么?(具體內容請?zhí)貏e關注本期七大聽力高頻詞匯)
第三部分：短文聽力
短文聽力一般篇幅比較長，而且問題又出現(xiàn)在整個材料讀完之后，所以對很多考生來說，如果完全聽完材料，再聽問題最后選擇的話，就很容易忘記剛剛在材料中所聽到的內容，尤其是當考察一些細節(jié)題目的時侯。針對這一情況，我們提供如下四種方法，在聽材料的同時選出答案來。分別是：首尾法、視聽一致原則、替換法、短詞題解題法。
1、首尾法：根據(jù)統(tǒng)計，一篇聽力材料，比較容易出題的地方是這篇材料的前幾句和后幾句。而且分別針對的是這篇材料所對應題目的第一道和最后一道。因此，對于慢熱型(聽過幾句話之后，才能集中起注意力來，但這時很可能第一道題目的正確答案已經被讀過)的同學來說，從材料的第一句話就要開始注意聽了。一旦錯過了正確答案針對的那句話，就可能沒有機會選出正確選項了。下面舉一個典型的例子：
Q32: Why is life said to be difficult for Hollywood kids?
Q35: What will probably have negative effects on the lives of Hollywood kids?
32. A) The atmosphere they live in is rather unreal.
B) Their parents put too much pressure on them.
C) Its hard for them to get along with other kids.
D) They have to live in the shadow of their parents.
35. A) The lifestyle depicted in Hollywood movies.
B) The worship of money, beauty and pleasure.
C) The attention the media focuses on them.
D) The pursuing of perfection in performance.
In Hollywood, everybody wants to be rich, famous and beautiful. Nobody wants to be old, unknown and poor. For Hollywood kids, life can be difficult, because they grow up in such an unreal atmosphere. Their parents are ambitious and the children are part of the parents ambitions. (首段)Hollywood has always been the city of dreams. The kids there live unreal lives where money, beauty and pleasure are the only gods. Will children around the world soon start to think the same? Or do they already? (末段)
根據(jù)首段和末段的內容，我們很容易分析出，32題的答案是A，35題的答案是B。
2、同義替換法：如上題，在長對話和短文聽力這兩種題型中，約有30%的題目采用了替換法，采用同義的短語或單詞替換。我們依舊以歷年真題中的比較典型的一篇短文聽力為例，這篇短文聽力共有相對應的四道題目，都可以用我們的替換法解答。
14. A) He didnt like physics any more. B) His eyesight was too poor.
C) Physics was too hard for him. D) He had to work to support himself.(D)
15. A) He was not happy with the new director.
B) He was not qualified to be an engineer.
C) He wanted to travel.
D) He found his job boring.(A)
16. A) He wanted to work with his friend.
B) He enjoyed traveling around the world.
C) He wanted to go to Spain.
D) He was rejected by the engineering firm.(C)
17. A) He enjoyed teaching English.
B) He wanted to earn more to support his family.
C) The owner of the school promised him a good position.
D) He could earn more as a teacher than as a travel agent.(B)
聽力原文(部分)及問題如下
When I was at school, my ambition was to be a pilot in the Air Force. But my eyesight wasnt good enough. So I had to give up the idea. I went to university and studies physics. I wanted to stay on there and do research, but my father died at about that time. (14)So I thought Id better get a job and earn my living. I started working in an engineering firm. I expected to stay in that job for a long time. But then, they appointed a new managing director.(15) I didnt get on with him, so I resigned and applied for a job with another engineering company. He offered me a job in Spain.(16)And Ive always liked Spain, so I took it. I worked in the travel agency for two years and then they wanted to send me to South America. But I had just got married. So I decided to stay here. (17)Then we had a baby and I wasnt earning enough to support the family. So I started giving English lessons at a school in the evening.
Questions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.
14. Why did the man give up studying physics?
15. Why did the man resign from the engineering firm?
16. Why did the man take the job at the travel agency?
17. Why did the man start to teach English part time?
解析：
14和15是在同義短語結構上的替換。
第14題，正確答案是D，是把原文中的結構earn my living換成了選項中的support himself，其含義是謀生。(D)
第15題，正確答案是A，是把原文中的結構not get on with somebody換成了選項中的not happy with somebody，其含義是與某人相處的不好。
16和17題是在句義上的替換。
第16題，正確答案是C，是把原文中的結構Ive always liked Spain換成了選項中的He wanted to go to Spain。
第17題，正確答案是B，是把原文中的結構I wasnt earning enough to support the family.換成了選項中的He wanted to earn more to support his family。
3、視聽一致原則：這個方法已經在之前的長對話中演示過了。
4、短詞題解題法：短詞題指的是選項只有極少量單詞構成，很多時候只有一個單詞。解答這種題目采用的方法是重復法，即，哪個選項中的單詞被讀到的次數(shù)最多就為正確選項，例如，在某年考試中，有些題目被最多地讀到了5次。另外，短詞題的重復法不僅可以使用于短文聽力，而且可以使用為長對話，例如：
A)Translator. B)Travel agent. C)Language instructor. D)Environmental engineer.
其中，A選項中的translator被讀到了3次，可判斷為正確選項。而其他單詞均未被讀到。
第四部分：復合式聽寫
復合式聽寫要求些八個單詞和三個句子。改革之后的四級考試，它是每年必考的題型，也是考生認為最難的一種題型，但并非無法可解。
首先，針對于八個單詞的注意點如下：
第一、注意積累拼寫難度較高的詞匯
平時用慣了電腦的word糾錯功能，便對某些拼寫難度較高的詞匯完全漠視。例如assignment(作業(yè))convenient(方便)government(政府)其實，這些單詞不是整體非常難寫，而是在某些位置非常難寫。例如，convenient的ve是容易寫錯的，government的n是最容易丟掉的等等平時注意訓練，上考場時就坦蕩多了;
第二、注意聽寫句子的一些技巧
句子共播放三遍，每一遍可以都有不同側重：
第一遍：先寫下句子的開頭，尤其是主語，并注意句子的大意;
第二遍：若感覺句子實在太難，可以放棄中間部分，努力寫下句子的結尾;
第三遍：努力地把句子中間的部分寫出一些。
只有寫出完整準確的句子才可以獲得滿分，但是只寫出句子的部分也是可以得到相應分數(shù)的，所以最忌諱全面放棄。
第三、可以適當改寫
What we may find interesting is that it usually takes more words to be polite.
若可以聽懂大意，則可以寫成簡單的its interesting that more words are polite.
另外，聽寫完畢后的檢查也很重要，最重要的三個條目是：大小寫、時態(tài)和單復數(shù)。
