空中旅行
2023復(fù)習(xí)正是強(qiáng)化復(fù)習(xí)階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項(xiàng)。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅(jiān)持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強(qiáng)烈推薦了雜志《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認(rèn)真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 Air travel 空中旅行 Preparing for take-off 起飛準(zhǔn)備 A cheaper, cleaner way for the long taxi to therunway 一種更便宜更清潔的飛機(jī)跑道滑行方式 ENGINES on airliners are highly efficient when they are in flight, but not when operating onthe ground. 飛機(jī)上的發(fā)動機(jī)在飛行過程中效率是很高的，但是在地面上的時候卻不是這樣。 When a plane is taxiing under its own power, the engines burn vast amounts of fuel. 飛機(jī)依靠自身動力滑行時，發(fā)動機(jī)燃燒掉大量的燃料。 A Boeing 747 can consume a tonne of fuel and emit several tonnes of carbon dioxide duringan average 17-minute taxi to take-off. 一架波音747起飛一般需要滑行17分鐘，要消耗1噸燃料并且釋放出幾噸二氧化碳。 And when the aircraft lands there is likely to be another long drive to the passenger gate. 飛機(jī)著陸時，也要滑行很長一段才能到達(dá)乘客出口。 Which is why there are variousmethods being developed for aircraft to use other means of propulsion while movingaround an airport. 這就是為什么要研究不同的方法讓飛機(jī)在機(jī)場運(yùn)行時使用其他的動力方式。 Towing aircraft with a tug, similar to how they are pushed back from the gate, is one way. 用飛機(jī)拖拉車牽引就是一種辦法，類似于發(fā)動機(jī)的推力。 But constantly pulling on the front landing gear can lead to mechanical problems. 但是經(jīng)常拉拽前起落架可能會導(dǎo)致機(jī)械故障。 Many pilots would also prefer to be in control of the driving once their aircraft is on thetaxiway. 許多駕駛員在飛機(jī)滑行的時候也喜歡自己來控制操作。 One method that addresses both concerns is a semi-robotic tug called TaxiBot, developed byIsrael Aerospace Industries. 能同時解決這兩方面問題的一種方法是一種半機(jī)器人化的牽引車:牽引機(jī)器人。 Instead of using a tow bar attached to the aircraft s nose wheel, TaxiBot employs amechanism which automatically scoops the wheel up into a rotating turret. 它是由以色列航空工業(yè)公司研發(fā)的。牽引機(jī)器人運(yùn)用一種機(jī)械裝置可以自動托起飛機(jī)前起落架與旋轉(zhuǎn)塔臺連接。 The TaxiBot also avoids having any complicated links to connect to the cockpit, yet stillgives the pilots driving control. 牽引機(jī)器人連接駕駛艙也不需任何復(fù)雜的元件，駕駛員卻可以控制操作。 It does this by accelerating to the speed set for the taxiway, using its inbuilt GPS mapsystem. 牽引機(jī)器人利用內(nèi)置的GPS地圖系統(tǒng)給跑道速度控制裝置加速即可。 The pilots then use their usual controls to steer with the nose wheel and to brake with themain landing gear. 駕駛員用通常的控制器完成頭部機(jī)輪的控制和主起落架的制動。 A safety driver remains in the TaxiBot, and he also drives the vehicle to and from theaircraft. 牽引機(jī)器人里也有一位司機(jī)，負(fù)責(zé)將其開到地方和駛離。 With the high price of aviation fuela tonne can cost more than $1,000the savings at abusy airport could be large. 航空燃料的價格很高，一噸價值1000多美元，一個業(yè)務(wù)繁忙的機(jī)場因此可以節(jié)省大批資金。 At some airports the passenger gates can be several miles from the runway. 一些機(jī)場登機(jī)門和跑道之間相距好幾英里。 All told, the world s airlines spend $7 billion-8 billion a year taxiing between passenger gatesand the runway, says Yehoshua Eldar, who is in charge of business development at IAI. 以色列航空工業(yè)公司業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展部負(fù)責(zé)人約書亞.埃爾達(dá)說：全世界的機(jī)場每年在跑道和登機(jī)門之間滑行上的花費(fèi)合計達(dá)70-80億美元。 The TaxiBot, though, uses just 20-30 litres of fuel for a typical trip. 可是牽引機(jī)器人一次標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的旅行卻僅用20-30升燃料。 It also reduces the risk of debris being ingested by the engines and causing damage. 而且牽引機(jī)器人還可以降低飛機(jī)發(fā)動機(jī)吸入碎片造成破壞的風(fēng)險。 Germany s Lufthansa will trial the system at Frankfurt Airport from May 2023. 德國漢莎航空公司將從2023年5月開始試行這個系統(tǒng)。 In the future some airliners may be driven to and from the runway with electric power. 將來飛機(jī)可能會利用電力在跑道上滑行。 The German Aerospace Centre has tested this idea in an aircraft using a fuel cell to powertwo electric motors built into the hub of an aircraft nose wheel. 德國宇航中心已經(jīng)就此進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)：在一架飛機(jī)上用燃料電池給裝在飛機(jī)頭部機(jī)輪輪轂里的兩臺電動機(jī)提供動力。 The centre reckons that up to 19% of current airport emissions could be saved using such asystem. 該中心測算出應(yīng)用這一系統(tǒng)最多可以減少19%的飛機(jī)排放物。 And it would also please the neighbours: there would be hardly any noise during taxiing. 而且機(jī)場周圍的鄰居也會高興：飛機(jī)滑行過程中幾乎沒有任何噪音。 詞語解釋 1.similar to 相似,相同 You should see something similar to figure 2. 你應(yīng)該會看到類似圖2的內(nèi)容。 Try and visualize this energy as a bright white lightsimilar to that of sunlight. 試著想象這一能源，把它當(dāng)做一種明亮如陽光一樣的白光。 2.push back 使撤退，使回到原處 America s strategists will push back in 2011. 美國的戰(zhàn)略家們會在2011年進(jìn)行反擊。 I push back our meeting to 27 may? 我能不能把我們的會議推遲到5月27日? 3.lead to 導(dǎo)致,引起 That can lead to serious consequences. 這會導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的后果。 All these ideologies lead to repression. 所有這些思想最終都導(dǎo)致鎮(zhèn)壓。 4.prefer to 更喜歡 And for choice I prefer to take my holidays in continental europe. 另外，如果可以選擇的話，我寧愿把度假地選在歐洲大陸。 Brazilians may prefer to focus on a recent business deal. 巴西人則可能更喜歡把重點(diǎn)放在最近的一宗商業(yè)交易上。
2023復(fù)習(xí)正是強(qiáng)化復(fù)習(xí)階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項(xiàng)。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅(jiān)持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強(qiáng)烈推薦了雜志《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認(rèn)真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 Air travel 空中旅行 Preparing for take-off 起飛準(zhǔn)備 A cheaper, cleaner way for the long taxi to therunway 一種更便宜更清潔的飛機(jī)跑道滑行方式 ENGINES on airliners are highly efficient when they are in flight, but not when operating onthe ground. 飛機(jī)上的發(fā)動機(jī)在飛行過程中效率是很高的，但是在地面上的時候卻不是這樣。 When a plane is taxiing under its own power, the engines burn vast amounts of fuel. 飛機(jī)依靠自身動力滑行時，發(fā)動機(jī)燃燒掉大量的燃料。 A Boeing 747 can consume a tonne of fuel and emit several tonnes of carbon dioxide duringan average 17-minute taxi to take-off. 一架波音747起飛一般需要滑行17分鐘，要消耗1噸燃料并且釋放出幾噸二氧化碳。 And when the aircraft lands there is likely to be another long drive to the passenger gate. 飛機(jī)著陸時，也要滑行很長一段才能到達(dá)乘客出口。 Which is why there are variousmethods being developed for aircraft to use other means of propulsion while movingaround an airport. 這就是為什么要研究不同的方法讓飛機(jī)在機(jī)場運(yùn)行時使用其他的動力方式。 Towing aircraft with a tug, similar to how they are pushed back from the gate, is one way. 用飛機(jī)拖拉車牽引就是一種辦法，類似于發(fā)動機(jī)的推力。 But constantly pulling on the front landing gear can lead to mechanical problems. 但是經(jīng)常拉拽前起落架可能會導(dǎo)致機(jī)械故障。 Many pilots would also prefer to be in control of the driving once their aircraft is on thetaxiway. 許多駕駛員在飛機(jī)滑行的時候也喜歡自己來控制操作。 One method that addresses both concerns is a semi-robotic tug called TaxiBot, developed byIsrael Aerospace Industries. 能同時解決這兩方面問題的一種方法是一種半機(jī)器人化的牽引車:牽引機(jī)器人。 Instead of using a tow bar attached to the aircraft s nose wheel, TaxiBot employs amechanism which automatically scoops the wheel up into a rotating turret. 它是由以色列航空工業(yè)公司研發(fā)的。牽引機(jī)器人運(yùn)用一種機(jī)械裝置可以自動托起飛機(jī)前起落架與旋轉(zhuǎn)塔臺連接。 The TaxiBot also avoids having any complicated links to connect to the cockpit, yet stillgives the pilots driving control. 牽引機(jī)器人連接駕駛艙也不需任何復(fù)雜的元件，駕駛員卻可以控制操作。 It does this by accelerating to the speed set for the taxiway, using its inbuilt GPS mapsystem. 牽引機(jī)器人利用內(nèi)置的GPS地圖系統(tǒng)給跑道速度控制裝置加速即可。 The pilots then use their usual controls to steer with the nose wheel and to brake with themain landing gear. 駕駛員用通常的控制器完成頭部機(jī)輪的控制和主起落架的制動。 A safety driver remains in the TaxiBot, and he also drives the vehicle to and from theaircraft. 牽引機(jī)器人里也有一位司機(jī)，負(fù)責(zé)將其開到地方和駛離。 With the high price of aviation fuela tonne can cost more than $1,000the savings at abusy airport could be large. 航空燃料的價格很高，一噸價值1000多美元，一個業(yè)務(wù)繁忙的機(jī)場因此可以節(jié)省大批資金。 At some airports the passenger gates can be several miles from the runway. 一些機(jī)場登機(jī)門和跑道之間相距好幾英里。 All told, the world s airlines spend $7 billion-8 billion a year taxiing between passenger gatesand the runway, says Yehoshua Eldar, who is in charge of business development at IAI. 以色列航空工業(yè)公司業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展部負(fù)責(zé)人約書亞.埃爾達(dá)說：全世界的機(jī)場每年在跑道和登機(jī)門之間滑行上的花費(fèi)合計達(dá)70-80億美元。 The TaxiBot, though, uses just 20-30 litres of fuel for a typical trip. 可是牽引機(jī)器人一次標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的旅行卻僅用20-30升燃料。 It also reduces the risk of debris being ingested by the engines and causing damage. 而且牽引機(jī)器人還可以降低飛機(jī)發(fā)動機(jī)吸入碎片造成破壞的風(fēng)險。 Germany s Lufthansa will trial the system at Frankfurt Airport from May 2023. 德國漢莎航空公司將從2023年5月開始試行這個系統(tǒng)。 In the future some airliners may be driven to and from the runway with electric power. 將來飛機(jī)可能會利用電力在跑道上滑行。 The German Aerospace Centre has tested this idea in an aircraft using a fuel cell to powertwo electric motors built into the hub of an aircraft nose wheel. 德國宇航中心已經(jīng)就此進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)：在一架飛機(jī)上用燃料電池給裝在飛機(jī)頭部機(jī)輪輪轂里的兩臺電動機(jī)提供動力。 The centre reckons that up to 19% of current airport emissions could be saved using such asystem. 該中心測算出應(yīng)用這一系統(tǒng)最多可以減少19%的飛機(jī)排放物。 And it would also please the neighbours: there would be hardly any noise during taxiing. 而且機(jī)場周圍的鄰居也會高興：飛機(jī)滑行過程中幾乎沒有任何噪音。 詞語解釋 1.similar to 相似,相同 You should see something similar to figure 2. 你應(yīng)該會看到類似圖2的內(nèi)容。 Try and visualize this energy as a bright white lightsimilar to that of sunlight. 試著想象這一能源，把它當(dāng)做一種明亮如陽光一樣的白光。 2.push back 使撤退，使回到原處 America s strategists will push back in 2011. 美國的戰(zhàn)略家們會在2011年進(jìn)行反擊。 I push back our meeting to 27 may? 我能不能把我們的會議推遲到5月27日? 3.lead to 導(dǎo)致,引起 That can lead to serious consequences. 這會導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的后果。 All these ideologies lead to repression. 所有這些思想最終都導(dǎo)致鎮(zhèn)壓。 4.prefer to 更喜歡 And for choice I prefer to take my holidays in continental europe. 另外，如果可以選擇的話，我寧愿把度假地選在歐洲大陸。 Brazilians may prefer to focus on a recent business deal. 巴西人則可能更喜歡把重點(diǎn)放在最近的一宗商業(yè)交易上。
