第一講：2種文章形式考查略讀技能

　　略讀，指的是快速瀏覽全文的閱讀方法。略讀的對象是文章的開始段、結(jié)束段、每段的段首句和結(jié)尾句。文章內(nèi)容的概括性陳述一般都在這些位置。

　　略讀的目的是：了解文章的主題;對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)獲得一個(gè)整體概念;對各部分的內(nèi)容獲得一個(gè)粗略的印象;對文章主旨做出判斷。

　　對快速閱讀而言，略讀最重要的意義在于對各部分的內(nèi)容獲得一個(gè)粗略印象，以方便在尋讀的迅速確定答案所在的部分或段落。

　　① 有小標(biāo)題的文章

　　解題技巧 對于有小標(biāo)題的文章，把握開頭或結(jié)尾部分就把握住了文章的主題與寫作目的。小標(biāo)題相當(dāng)于段落的主題句，把握住小標(biāo)題就把握住了文章的主要內(nèi)容。這些小標(biāo)題在尋讀時(shí)也顯得格外重要，從題干中的定位信息可以快速找到相關(guān)的小標(biāo)題，再在小標(biāo)題下的內(nèi)容中查找就可以了。這對于提高作題速度非常有幫助。

　　【真題示例1】

　　.5.Protect your references.

　　If your resume contains a section with the names and contact information of your references,take it out.Theres no sense in safeguarding your information while sharing private contact information of your references..

　　Q:To protect your references,you should not post online their _______

　　【解析】name and contact information / private contact information。根據(jù)題干中的protect your references可以快速定位到小標(biāo)題5下的內(nèi)容。本段講述的主要是是如何來保護(hù)自己的證明人。段中說的主要內(nèi)容就是要把聯(lián)系人的姓名和聯(lián)系方式從網(wǎng)上拿下來

　　【真題示例2】

　　原文的幾個(gè)小標(biāo)題為： How Much Trash Is Generated;How Is Trash Disposed of ;What Is a Landfill;Proposing the landfill;Building the Landfill;What Happens to Trash in a Landfill;How Is a Landfill Operated

　　Q:The passage gives a general description of the structure and use of a landfill.

　　【解析】選Y。看文章的標(biāo)題可知道全文主要描述的是垃圾填埋場的建設(shè)與使用。所以題干正確.

　　② 無小標(biāo)題的文章

　　解題技巧 對于沒有小標(biāo)題的文章，需要把握文章開頭或結(jié)尾部分來把握文章的主題與寫作目的。更重要的是瀏覽每段的段首和段尾，對每一段的主題和內(nèi)容獲得一個(gè)粗略的印象。建議考生在瀏覽時(shí)將本段的主題詞用筆圈出。這些主題詞將起到小標(biāo)題的作用。

　　【真題示例】

　　.Today,the interstate system links every major city in the U.S. and the U.S.with Canada and Mexico.Built with safety in mind,the highways have wide lanes and shoulders,dividing medians or barriers,long entry and exit lanes,curves engineered for safe turns,and limited access.The death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S.roads

　　Q: In spite of safety considerations ,the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than that of ther American roads.

　　【解析】選N。本段講的是告訴公路的安全問題，death rate是其中的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞定位到這一段，再根據(jù)句中存在的比較關(guān)系再具體定位到段落的末尾處。原文說：高速公路上的車禍死亡碧綠是其他路面上的一半。所以題干說：高速公路上的事故死亡率比其他路面上的高是錯(cuò)誤的。

　　即講即練

　　In the UK it is estimated that work-related stress is responsible for six million days of sick leave a year,with stress being linked to many minor and major illnesses.

　　For most people,work is a significant and meaningful part of life with the majority of us spending aroun 25% of our adult lives owrking. While work can provide us with purpose, satistaction,sell-esteem and spending power,the workplace can also be a setting of stress and worry.

　　What is work-ralated stress?

　　Everyone is under some pressure in the workplace.Some external pressures can be a postive factor, helping us to be more productive.Some people actually thrive under short-term added pressure, and our bodies are designed to meet these short-term demands.Hormones are released to prepare us for a fight of flight response to demanding situations. However,excessive and prolonged stress can produce a range of physical and emotional health problems which have come to be grouped as work-related stress.

　　There is no single cause of work-ralated stress. While stress can be triggered by sudden, unexpected pressures, it is often the result of a combination of stressful factors which accumulate over time.Some people can become so used to the symptoms of excessive stress that it goes unnoticed to their detriment.Most work-related stress is related to management of work, relationships at work,organizational set-up and whether you feel you have power and control in your work.

　　The experience of stress is different for every person. Some people are affected mor than others, so what is stressful for ome person may not be stressful for another. It can depend on your personality type and on how you have learned to respond to pressure.

　　It is impossible to escape pressure at work altogether, so it is important to learn how to manage stress. There are a number of ways in which you can reduce the negative impact of stress.

　　Changes at work

　　If work-related stress is affecting you, it is important to deal with the problem as soon as possible. One of the most important factors in reducing stress levels is managing time effectively. Prioritize tasks. Completing one task before going on to the next will help you to feel more in control of work.

　　Make time to relax at work by stretching and breathing deeply. This will help you to keep focused and prevent tired muscles. Simply ensuring you get outside for a walk during your lunch break can be helpful.

　　It is helpful to identify which situations stress you most. Practice how you could behave differently in tricky situations. Perhaps you need to be more assertive, or you need to learn to take a step back in tricky situations. It can seem hard to confront the causes of workplace stress and to ask for help. But sometimes, support and advice from your line manager or human resources department is necessary to help you deal with difficulties at work.

　　If you find talking about your concerns difficult, it may help to make notes to bring along to the work interview with you.Make these clear and specific. Try to remember that it is in everybodys interest that the workplace is as stress-free as possible.

　　changes

　　Regular activities outside work will help you to meet new people,take your mind away from work worries and remind you that there is more to life than the office. Bring a sense of fun into your life by starting a creative hobby such as painting, or a new form of physical activity such as dancing or swimming. There is increasing evidence that that regular hpysical activity helps to reduce stress levels. A brisk daily walk is ideal, but the main thing is to choose an activity that you enjoy.

　　Learning to relax can improve sleep and relieve stress-related physical pains such and stomach pains and headaches. The local library will have details of adult education classes where you can learn helpful techniques. Libraries loan books, tapes or computer-based packages. Confiding in stusted friends or relatives is a useful way to articulate worries and negative feelings. It can give a fresh perspective and help to make stressful situations more manageable. Avoid unhelpful responses to stress such as increased alcohol intake, smoking, and high caffeine intake. These all increase stress levels. Regular meals and a balanced, high-fiber diet will provide sustained levels of energy to keep you fit to deal with the stressful situations.At the end of the day,reflect on what youve achieved rather than worrying about future work. Dont be too hard on yourself..

　　Seeking further help

　　Some people need to seek further help for work related stress,as they may be depressed or have an anxiety disorder which needs treatment. Anyone concerned that they need help should visit their psychological doctors ofr advice. If you are diagnosed with depression, you may be prescribed a course of antidepressants.Other treatments can inclued a talking therapy such as counseling.

　　There are also courses for stress management and lots of self help resources.Some workplaces may provide a confidential counseling service or telephone helpline. Libraries, social services and local health centers will have details of local courses.

　　Conclusion

　　Stress is an inevitable but complex companion to our working lives. Without challenges and pressures,work would lack sparkle, but we all have the capacity to be overwhelmed by work-related stress. The aim should be to manage stress by becoming aware of our individual ways of responding to it,and through making effective changes to our working lifestyle.

　　1. Ordinarily, adult people spend most of their time working.

　　2. Work-related stress refers to all the pressures received from workplace.

　　3. The top administrators in a company suffer less stress.

　　4. Different ways to respond to pressure lead to different degrees of stress people feel.

　　作題點(diǎn)拔與全文翻譯

　　說明文。第一、二段引入主題：工作壓力。小標(biāo)題什么是與工作相關(guān)的壓力中對這一術(shù)語進(jìn)行了界定，并說明了形成的原因;以下三部分工作中的改變，生活中的改變和尋求更多幫助給出了解壓的方法。最后一段總結(jié)全文。

　　解題思路

　　1【線索】Ordinarily,adult people spend most of their time working.

　　【定位】第2段

　　【解析】原文提到大部分人成年的生活有四分之一的時(shí)間都在工作，而題干說成年人的大部分時(shí)間都用在工作上，與原文明顯相悖。選N。

　　2【線索】Work-related stress refers to all the pressures received from workplace.

　　【定位】小標(biāo)題What is work-ralated stress?第一段

　　【解析】本段講Work-related stress的定義。前兩句的意思是說，工作場所內(nèi)的一些壓力也可以是積極因素，可以幫助我們?nèi)〉酶嗟某煽儭Ｗ詈笠痪湔f只有壓力過度或過長引起身體或情感問題時(shí)，才能稱之為Work-related stress。所以題干說法錯(cuò)誤。選N

　　3【線索】The top administrators in a company suffer less stress.

　　【定位】小標(biāo)題What is work-ralated stress?第二段

　　【解析】原文談到，形成工作壓力有多種因素，所以不能說權(quán)力大的人壓力就小，文中也沒有這樣的說法。選NG

　　4【線索】Different ways to respond to pressure lead to different degrees of stress people feel.

　　【定位】小標(biāo)題What is work-ralated stress?第三段

　　【解析】本段講到每個(gè)人對壓力反應(yīng)不同，最后一句提到性格和應(yīng)對壓力的方式?jīng)Q定了感受壓力的不同。題干表述正確。選Y

　　5【線索】To do the most important and urgent work first can be helpful to relieve work-related stress.

　　【定位】小標(biāo)題Changes at work第一段

　　【解析】本段講到減輕壓力的最重要因素之一就是有效地利用時(shí)間，第三局對這句話的解釋是：prioritize tasks.題干是丟prioritize tasks的同意轉(zhuǎn)述。選Y

　　6【線索】Take an outside walk after a whole mornings work can make a good relax for you

　　【定位】小標(biāo)題Changes at work第二段

　　【解析】本段講工作期間的放松，最后一句說中午飯后到外面散步就能起作用。題干說了工作了一個(gè)上午以后出去散步與原文相同。選Y

　　7【線索】The author suggests avoiding the most stressful situations in work once you have identify them

　　【定位】小標(biāo)題Changes at work 第三段

　　【解析】本段講到如何應(yīng)對工作中最易引起壓力的那些問題。作者在第二句中給出的建議是嘗試不同的反應(yīng)方式。最后給出的另一條建議是向主管進(jìn)或人力資源部門尋求幫助。可見作者并不建議回避這些問題。選N

　　8【線索】To______ the physical activity you do regularly outside work is the most important thing for stress relief.

　　【定位】小標(biāo)題Lifestyle changes第一段

　　【解析】題干講的是工作之外的一些消減壓力的方法，所以定位到小標(biāo)題Lifestyle changes下的內(nèi)容。根據(jù)physical activity定位在第一段。the most important thing 對應(yīng)原文最后一句的the main thing.答案是：enjoy

　　9【線索】9. Sharing_________ with your close friends or family members is helpfule for you to reduce stress.

　　【定位】標(biāo)題Lifestyle changes第二段第四句

　　【解析】原文提到信賴值得信賴的朋友或親人是傾訴憂愁和消極情緒的有效途徑。題干中的sharing對應(yīng)原文中的articulate。答案是 worries and negative feelings

　　10【線索】10. Those who have suffered an anxiety disorder is are suggested to go to see _____

　　【定位】小標(biāo)題Seeking further help第一段

　　【解析】本段講到壓力過大已經(jīng)引起抑郁癥或焦慮性紊亂的人應(yīng)該尋求更多幫助。第2句講到了尋求的對象，也就是本題的答案：their psychological doctor.

　　5. To do the most important and urgent work first can be helpfule to relieve work-related stress.

　　6. Take an outside walk after a whole mornings work can make a good relax for you.

　　7. The author suggests avoiding the most stressful situations in work once you have identify them.

　　8. To______ the physical activity you do regularly outside work is the most important thing for stress relief.

　　9. Sharing_________ with your close friends or family members is helpfule for you to reduce stress.

　　10. Those who have suffered an anxiety disorder is are suggested to go to see _____

　　第一講：2種文章形式考查略讀技能

　　略讀，指的是快速瀏覽全文的閱讀方法。略讀的對象是文章的開始段、結(jié)束段、每段的段首句和結(jié)尾句。文章內(nèi)容的概括性陳述一般都在這些位置。

　　略讀的目的是：了解文章的主題;對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)獲得一個(gè)整體概念;對各部分的內(nèi)容獲得一個(gè)粗略的印象;對文章主旨做出判斷。

　　對快速閱讀而言，略讀最重要的意義在于對各部分的內(nèi)容獲得一個(gè)粗略印象，以方便在尋讀的迅速確定答案所在的部分或段落。

　　① 有小標(biāo)題的文章

　　解題技巧 對于有小標(biāo)題的文章，把握開頭或結(jié)尾部分就把握住了文章的主題與寫作目的。小標(biāo)題相當(dāng)于段落的主題句，把握住小標(biāo)題就把握住了文章的主要內(nèi)容。這些小標(biāo)題在尋讀時(shí)也顯得格外重要，從題干中的定位信息可以快速找到相關(guān)的小標(biāo)題，再在小標(biāo)題下的內(nèi)容中查找就可以了。這對于提高作題速度非常有幫助。

　　【真題示例1】

　　.5.Protect your references.

　　If your resume contains a section with the names and contact information of your references,take it out.Theres no sense in safeguarding your information while sharing private contact information of your references..

　　Q:To protect your references,you should not post online their _______

　　【解析】name and contact information / private contact information。根據(jù)題干中的protect your references可以快速定位到小標(biāo)題5下的內(nèi)容。本段講述的主要是是如何來保護(hù)自己的證明人。段中說的主要內(nèi)容就是要把聯(lián)系人的姓名和聯(lián)系方式從網(wǎng)上拿下來

　　【真題示例2】

　　原文的幾個(gè)小標(biāo)題為： How Much Trash Is Generated;How Is Trash Disposed of ;What Is a Landfill;Proposing the landfill;Building the Landfill;What Happens to Trash in a Landfill;How Is a Landfill Operated

　　Q:The passage gives a general description of the structure and use of a landfill.

　　【解析】選Y。看文章的標(biāo)題可知道全文主要描述的是垃圾填埋場的建設(shè)與使用。所以題干正確.

　　② 無小標(biāo)題的文章

　　解題技巧 對于沒有小標(biāo)題的文章，需要把握文章開頭或結(jié)尾部分來把握文章的主題與寫作目的。更重要的是瀏覽每段的段首和段尾，對每一段的主題和內(nèi)容獲得一個(gè)粗略的印象。建議考生在瀏覽時(shí)將本段的主題詞用筆圈出。這些主題詞將起到小標(biāo)題的作用。

　　【真題示例】

　　.Today,the interstate system links every major city in the U.S. and the U.S.with Canada and Mexico.Built with safety in mind,the highways have wide lanes and shoulders,dividing medians or barriers,long entry and exit lanes,curves engineered for safe turns,and limited access.The death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S.roads

　　Q: In spite of safety considerations ,the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than that of ther American roads.

　　【解析】選N。本段講的是告訴公路的安全問題，death rate是其中的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞定位到這一段，再根據(jù)句中存在的比較關(guān)系再具體定位到段落的末尾處。原文說：高速公路上的車禍死亡碧綠是其他路面上的一半。所以題干說：高速公路上的事故死亡率比其他路面上的高是錯(cuò)誤的。

　　即講即練

　　In the UK it is estimated that work-related stress is responsible for six million days of sick leave a year,with stress being linked to many minor and major illnesses.

　　For most people,work is a significant and meaningful part of life with the majority of us spending aroun 25% of our adult lives owrking. While work can provide us with purpose, satistaction,sell-esteem and spending power,the workplace can also be a setting of stress and worry.

　　What is work-ralated stress?

　　Everyone is under some pressure in the workplace.Some external pressures can be a postive factor, helping us to be more productive.Some people actually thrive under short-term added pressure, and our bodies are designed to meet these short-term demands.Hormones are released to prepare us for a fight of flight response to demanding situations. However,excessive and prolonged stress can produce a range of physical and emotional health problems which have come to be grouped as work-related stress.

　　There is no single cause of work-ralated stress. While stress can be triggered by sudden, unexpected pressures, it is often the result of a combination of stressful factors which accumulate over time.Some people can become so used to the symptoms of excessive stress that it goes unnoticed to their detriment.Most work-related stress is related to management of work, relationships at work,organizational set-up and whether you feel you have power and control in your work.

　　The experience of stress is different for every person. Some people are affected mor than others, so what is stressful for ome person may not be stressful for another. It can depend on your personality type and on how you have learned to respond to pressure.

　　It is impossible to escape pressure at work altogether, so it is important to learn how to manage stress. There are a number of ways in which you can reduce the negative impact of stress.

　　Changes at work

　　If work-related stress is affecting you, it is important to deal with the problem as soon as possible. One of the most important factors in reducing stress levels is managing time effectively. Prioritize tasks. Completing one task before going on to the next will help you to feel more in control of work.

　　Make time to relax at work by stretching and breathing deeply. This will help you to keep focused and prevent tired muscles. Simply ensuring you get outside for a walk during your lunch break can be helpful.

　　It is helpful to identify which situations stress you most. Practice how you could behave differently in tricky situations. Perhaps you need to be more assertive, or you need to learn to take a step back in tricky situations. It can seem hard to confront the causes of workplace stress and to ask for help. But sometimes, support and advice from your line manager or human resources department is necessary to help you deal with difficulties at work.

　　If you find talking about your concerns difficult, it may help to make notes to bring along to the work interview with you.Make these clear and specific. Try to remember that it is in everybodys interest that the workplace is as stress-free as possible.

　　changes

　　Regular activities outside work will help you to meet new people,take your mind away from work worries and remind you that there is more to life than the office. Bring a sense of fun into your life by starting a creative hobby such as painting, or a new form of physical activity such as dancing or swimming. There is increasing evidence that that regular hpysical activity helps to reduce stress levels. A brisk daily walk is ideal, but the main thing is to choose an activity that you enjoy.

　　Learning to relax can improve sleep and relieve stress-related physical pains such and stomach pains and headaches. The local library will have details of adult education classes where you can learn helpful techniques. Libraries loan books, tapes or computer-based packages. Confiding in stusted friends or relatives is a useful way to articulate worries and negative feelings. It can give a fresh perspective and help to make stressful situations more manageable. Avoid unhelpful responses to stress such as increased alcohol intake, smoking, and high caffeine intake. These all increase stress levels. Regular meals and a balanced, high-fiber diet will provide sustained levels of energy to keep you fit to deal with the stressful situations.At the end of the day,reflect on what youve achieved rather than worrying about future work. Dont be too hard on yourself..

　　Seeking further help

　　Some people need to seek further help for work related stress,as they may be depressed or have an anxiety disorder which needs treatment. Anyone concerned that they need help should visit their psychological doctors ofr advice. If you are diagnosed with depression, you may be prescribed a course of antidepressants.Other treatments can inclued a talking therapy such as counseling.

　　There are also courses for stress management and lots of self help resources.Some workplaces may provide a confidential counseling service or telephone helpline. Libraries, social services and local health centers will have details of local courses.

　　Conclusion

　　Stress is an inevitable but complex companion to our working lives. Without challenges and pressures,work would lack sparkle, but we all have the capacity to be overwhelmed by work-related stress. The aim should be to manage stress by becoming aware of our individual ways of responding to it,and through making effective changes to our working lifestyle.

　　1. Ordinarily, adult people spend most of their time working.

　　2. Work-related stress refers to all the pressures received from workplace.

　　3. The top administrators in a company suffer less stress.

　　4. Different ways to respond to pressure lead to different degrees of stress people feel.

　　作題點(diǎn)拔與全文翻譯

　　說明文。第一、二段引入主題：工作壓力。小標(biāo)題什么是與工作相關(guān)的壓力中對這一術(shù)語進(jìn)行了界定，并說明了形成的原因;以下三部分工作中的改變，生活中的改變和尋求更多幫助給出了解壓的方法。最后一段總結(jié)全文。

　　解題思路

　　1【線索】Ordinarily,adult people spend most of their time working.

　　【定位】第2段

　　【解析】原文提到大部分人成年的生活有四分之一的時(shí)間都在工作，而題干說成年人的大部分時(shí)間都用在工作上，與原文明顯相悖。選N。

　　2【線索】Work-related stress refers to all the pressures received from workplace.

　　【定位】小標(biāo)題What is work-ralated stress?第一段

　　【解析】本段講Work-related stress的定義。前兩句的意思是說，工作場所內(nèi)的一些壓力也可以是積極因素，可以幫助我們?nèi)〉酶嗟某煽儭Ｗ詈笠痪湔f只有壓力過度或過長引起身體或情感問題時(shí)，才能稱之為Work-related stress。所以題干說法錯(cuò)誤。選N

　　3【線索】The top administrators in a company suffer less stress.

　　【定位】小標(biāo)題What is work-ralated stress?第二段

　　【解析】原文談到，形成工作壓力有多種因素，所以不能說權(quán)力大的人壓力就小，文中也沒有這樣的說法。選NG

　　4【線索】Different ways to respond to pressure lead to different degrees of stress people feel.

　　【定位】小標(biāo)題What is work-ralated stress?第三段

　　【解析】本段講到每個(gè)人對壓力反應(yīng)不同，最后一句提到性格和應(yīng)對壓力的方式?jīng)Q定了感受壓力的不同。題干表述正確。選Y

　　5【線索】To do the most important and urgent work first can be helpful to relieve work-related stress.

　　【定位】小標(biāo)題Changes at work第一段

　　【解析】本段講到減輕壓力的最重要因素之一就是有效地利用時(shí)間，第三局對這句話的解釋是：prioritize tasks.題干是丟prioritize tasks的同意轉(zhuǎn)述。選Y

　　6【線索】Take an outside walk after a whole mornings work can make a good relax for you

　　【定位】小標(biāo)題Changes at work第二段

　　【解析】本段講工作期間的放松，最后一句說中午飯后到外面散步就能起作用。題干說了工作了一個(gè)上午以后出去散步與原文相同。選Y

　　7【線索】The author suggests avoiding the most stressful situations in work once you have identify them

　　【定位】小標(biāo)題Changes at work 第三段

　　【解析】本段講到如何應(yīng)對工作中最易引起壓力的那些問題。作者在第二句中給出的建議是嘗試不同的反應(yīng)方式。最后給出的另一條建議是向主管進(jìn)或人力資源部門尋求幫助。可見作者并不建議回避這些問題。選N

　　8【線索】To______ the physical activity you do regularly outside work is the most important thing for stress relief.

　　【定位】小標(biāo)題Lifestyle changes第一段

　　【解析】題干講的是工作之外的一些消減壓力的方法，所以定位到小標(biāo)題Lifestyle changes下的內(nèi)容。根據(jù)physical activity定位在第一段。the most important thing 對應(yīng)原文最后一句的the main thing.答案是：enjoy

　　9【線索】9. Sharing_________ with your close friends or family members is helpfule for you to reduce stress.

　　【定位】標(biāo)題Lifestyle changes第二段第四句

　　【解析】原文提到信賴值得信賴的朋友或親人是傾訴憂愁和消極情緒的有效途徑。題干中的sharing對應(yīng)原文中的articulate。答案是 worries and negative feelings

　　10【線索】10. Those who have suffered an anxiety disorder is are suggested to go to see _____

　　【定位】小標(biāo)題Seeking further help第一段

　　【解析】本段講到壓力過大已經(jīng)引起抑郁癥或焦慮性紊亂的人應(yīng)該尋求更多幫助。第2句講到了尋求的對象，也就是本題的答案：their psychological doctor.

　　5. To do the most important and urgent work first can be helpfule to relieve work-related stress.

　　6. Take an outside walk after a whole mornings work can make a good relax for you.

　　7. The author suggests avoiding the most stressful situations in work once you have identify them.

　　8. To______ the physical activity you do regularly outside work is the most important thing for stress relief.

　　9. Sharing_________ with your close friends or family members is helpfule for you to reduce stress.

　　10. Those who have suffered an anxiety disorder is are suggested to go to see _____