2024高考英語考綱解讀及熱點演練：6 動詞與動詞短語

　　動詞是英語中最靈活、最難掌握的詞類，它是構(gòu)成句子的核心，是一個句子中不可缺少的成分。在考試大綱及考試說明中，動詞占總詞匯量的1/3以上，起著舉足輕重的作用。

　　動詞和動詞短語在歷年高考題中所占比例最大，著重考查在不同的語境中對動詞及動詞短語的應(yīng)用，以測試學(xué)生對基礎(chǔ)知識的掌握程度。

　　考綱要求考生在復(fù)習備考中主要掌握以下幾個方面：①動詞的詞義；②動詞搭配；③及物動詞和不及物動詞的特殊用法；④熟記高頻動詞構(gòu)成的短語的用法(例如：break，bring，call，come，cut，give，go，get，hold，look，make，put，set，take，turn等)。1．(2024·湖北，23)While intelligent people can often________the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.

　　A．sacrifice

　　B．substitute

　　C．simplify

　　D．survive

　　2．(2024·福建，28)Old－fashioned phones matter when wireless networks ________ in disasters.

　　A．turn down

　　B．turn out

　　C．break down

　　D．break out

　　3．(2024·湖北，24)According to the law, all foreigners have to________with the local police within two weeks of arrival.

　　A．a(chǎn)ssociate

　　B．dispute

　　C．negotiate

　　D．register

　　4．(2024·江蘇，23)—The town is so beautiful! I just love it.

　　—Me too.The character of the town is well ________.

　　A．qualified

　　B．preserved

　　C．decorated

　　D．simplified

　　5．(2024·江蘇，29)Team leaders must ensure that all members ________ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.

　　A．get over

　　B．look over

　　C．take over

　　D．come over

　　6．(2024·陜西，25)My uncle hasn't been able to quit smoking，but at least he has ________.

　　A．cut out

　　B．cut down

　　C．cut up

　　D．cut off

　　7．(2024·天津，2)If you are in trouble，Mike is always willing to________a hand.

　　A．lend

　　B．shake

　　C．wave

　　D．want

　　8．(2024·新課標Ⅰ，23)Try not to cough more than you can________since it may cause problems to your lungs.

　　A．check

　　B．a(chǎn)llow

　　C．stop

　　D．help

　　9．(2024·浙江，9)When the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to ________ it with important points.

　　A．conclude

　　B．lead

　　C．a(chǎn)void

　　D．hold

　　10．(2024·浙江，12)A good listener takes part in the conversation，________ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.

　　A．realizing

　　B．copying

　　C．offering

　　D．misunderstanding

　　【例1】 Recently，these companies have ________ some workers becames of the drop in economy.A．hired

　　B．dismissed

　　C．refused

　　D．employed

　　【例2】 When his brother was to cross the street，he was knocked down by a truck and badly ________.

　　A．injured

　　B．damaged

　　C．harmed

　　D．destroyed

　　【例3】 I ________ it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products.

　　A．make

　　B．look

　　C．take

　　D．think

　　【例4】 Her shoes ________ her dress，they look very well together.

　　A．suit

　　B．fit

　　C．compare

　　D．match

　　英語中一些動詞雖然詞形相近，但意義不同

　　(1)動詞adapt, adjust, adopt的用法比較。

　　adapt意為“改編，(使)適應(yīng)”，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為adapt (oneself) to ...或be adapted to表示“改變自己以適應(yīng)……”。

　　adjust意為“調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)，使適合”，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為adjust (oneself) to ...表示“適應(yīng)……”。

　　adopt意為“收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)；采用”。

　　(2)動詞arouse, arise, rise, raise的用法比較。

　　arouse意為“引起，激起；喚醒”。

　　arise不及物動詞，意為“發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生”。

　　rise不及物動詞，意為“上升，上漲”。

　　raise及物動詞，意為“抬高，舉起，飼養(yǎng)，提出，籌集”。

　　(3)動詞acquire, require, request的用法比較。

　　acquire及物動詞，意為“(通過努力)取得，獲得，學(xué)到”，其名詞形式為acquirement。

　　require及物動詞，意為“需要，命令”，其名詞形式為requirement。

　　request及物動詞，意為“請求，要求”，其名詞形式仍為request。

　　(4)動詞expose, export, explode, explore的用法比較。

　　expose意為“使暴露，使曝光，使遭受”，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為expose sb/sth to表示“使……暴露于或遭受……；使……接觸……”。

　　export意為“出口，輸出”。

　　explode不及物動詞，意為“爆炸”。

　　explore意為“探索，探測”。　系動詞

　　【例5】 The effect of the medicine on this kind of disease remains ________.

　　A．seen

　　B．to be seen

　　C．seeing

　　D．to see

　　【例6】 On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine，she ________ pale.

　　A．got

　　B．changed

　　C．went

　　D．a(chǎn)ppeared

　　【例7】 It was already past midnight and only three young men ________ in the tea house.

　　A．left

　　B．remained

　　C．delayed

　　D．deserted

　　英語中系動詞主要分為三種

　　(1)狀態(tài)及表像系動詞

　　be, appear, seem, look, feel, taste, sound, smell等。

　　He is a great scientist.他是一位偉大的科學(xué)家。

　　Cotton feels soft.棉花摸起來軟軟的。

　　He appears a normal person.他看起來是一個正常的人。

　　(2)持續(xù)系動詞

　　remain, keep, stay, lie, stand等。

　　He always keeps silent at meetings.他開會時總保持沉默。

　　The weather still remained cold in April.

　　四月的天氣仍然很冷。

　　He stayed single all his life.他打了一輩子的光棍。

　　(3)變化系動詞

　　become, turn, get, grow, go, fall, come, run等。

　　She grew rich within a short time.

　　她沒多長時間就變得富有了。

　　He became famous as a writer.他成了著名作家。

　　His face went red with anger.他氣得滿臉通紅。　

　　【例8】 The present situation is very complex，so I think it will take me some time to ________ its reality.

　　A．make up

　　B．figure out

　　C．look through

　　D．put off

　　【例9】 You had better ________ some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.

　　A．set aside

　　B．take up

　　C．put away

　　D．give out

　　與介詞副詞【例1】 It's going to rain.Xiao Feng，will you please help me ________ the clothes on the line?

　　A．get off

　　B．get back

　　C．get in

　　D．get on

　　【例】 I tried phoning her office, but I couldn't ________.(2009·全國Ⅰ)

　　A．get along

　　B．get on

　　C．get to

　　D．get through

　　與不同介詞(副詞)搭配的動詞

　　(1)break

　　break away from脫離　break down壞掉；出故障；垮掉

　　break into闖入，破門而入　break out(戰(zhàn)爭)爆發(fā)　break in破門而入　break off打斷；中斷　break up打碎；(物理)分解；分開；結(jié)束；制止

　　(2)call

　　call for需要，邀請　call on/at號召；訪問　call in召集；召來　call up召喚；召集；打電話　call off取消

　　(3)come

　　come about發(fā)生　come across偶遇　come to共計，達到，蘇醒　come true變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實

　　come up走上前，被提出　come up with提出　come into being形成　come into use投入使用

　　(4)get

　　get about四處走動；傳開　get across傳達　get away逃脫，設(shè)法離開　get down下來；記下　get in收割；到達　get off出發(fā)；下班　get together聚會　get through接通；通過　get down to開始認真干　get over克服　get along/on with進展；相處　get up起身，起床

　　(5)give

　　give up放棄　give in屈服　give out用盡；分發(fā)　give away泄露；贈送；頒發(fā)　give off發(fā)出　give back歸還；使恢復(fù)

　　(6)go

　　go against違背；對……不利　go ahead開始，進展，進行

　　go after/for追逐，追求　go without勉強維持；湊合

　　go in for愛好，參加；從事　go through通過；經(jīng)歷；審查

　　go over復(fù)習；仔細審查　go by過去，經(jīng)過

　　(7)hold

　　hold back隱瞞；控制(情感)　hold out維持；抵抗；硬撐

　　hold up使……耽擱　hold on堅持；別掛(電話)

　　hold together團結(jié)一致　hold on to保留，抓住不放

　　(8)make

　　make up for補償，彌補　make out辨認出　make fun of取笑　make up one's mind下定決心　make sense有道理(意義)，講得通　make good/full use of充分利用　make up編造；組成；構(gòu)成；補齊；湊足

　　(9)put

　　put aside把……放在一邊　put away把……收好　put down撲滅，平息　put forward提出　put off延期；推諉

　　put out撲滅；生產(chǎn)　put up掛起，張貼；搭起；為某人提供食宿　put up with忍受，容忍　 (10)turn

　　turn down拒絕；調(diào)低　turn in上交　turn out結(jié)果是，證明是　turn over移交，交給　turn up出現(xiàn)；調(diào)高　turn off關(guān)掉　turn on打開　turn away走開　turn to求助于；翻到

　　介詞副詞【例】 In modern times，people have to learn to ________ all kinds of pressure although they are leading a comfortable life.

　　A．keep with

　　B．stay with

　　C．meet with

　　D．live with

　　【例】 ________ a moment and I will go to your rescue.

　　A．Go on

　　B．Hold on

　　C．Move on

　　D．Carry on

　　含有相同介詞或副詞的高頻動詞短語

　　(1)動詞＋out

　　turn out　point out　pick out　figure out　burst out

　　bring out　carry out　set out　make out　leave out　keep out　work out　run out　check out　go out

　　(3)動詞＋off

　　start off　set off　leave off　show off　see sb off　fall off　keep off　carry off　pay off　(4)動詞＋back

　　keep back　hold back　put back　give back　call back

　　take back

　　(5)動詞＋away

　　throw away　blow away　carry away　clear away　die away　give away　pass away　wash away　send awayturn away　

　　【例】 —Have you ________ some new ideas?

　　—Yeah.I'll tell you later.

　　A．come about

　　B．come into

　　C．come up with

　　D．come out with

　　【例】 The media can often help solve problems and draw attention ________ situations ________ help is needed.

　　A．in；that

　　B．to；which

　　C．in；where

　　D．to；where

　　該類試題的常考點有

　　keep/bear...in mind牢記　burst into tears突然大哭　catch up with趕上　come up with提出　come into use開始使用　date back to追溯到，始于　get away from逃離　keep an eye on照看，注意　keep...in touch(與……)保持聯(lián)系　look forward to盼望　look down upon輕視　make sense of弄懂　make a difference起作用　make the best of充分利用　make up for彌補，補償

　　make room for與……騰出空間　put...into effect使……生效　put up with忍受，容忍　take advantage of利用　take part in參加　take pride in以……為自豪　keep up with跟上，與……保持聯(lián)系　

　　使役動詞

　　【例】 —You look upset.What's the matter?

　　—I had my proposal ________ again.

　　A．turned over

　　B．turned on

　　C．turned off

　　D．turned down

　　【例】 My parents have always made me ________ about myself, even when I was twelve.

　　A．feeling well

　　B．feeling good

　　C．feel well

　　D．feel good

　　常見的使役動詞have, make, get, let的用法：

　　1．have/make/let sb do sth以及get sb to do sth

　　此結(jié)構(gòu)表示“讓某人干某事”。

　　The teacher had/made/let some students stay in the classroom after school.

　　放學(xué)后老師讓一些學(xué)生仍呆在教室里。

　　溫馨提示：make如果是被動語態(tài)時后面要用帶to的不定式。

　　He was made to work day and night.

　　他被迫日夜工作。

　　2．have/make/get sth (sb) done

　　此結(jié)構(gòu)表示“讓……被做”。過去分詞充當賓語補足語，賓語與賓語補足語之間是被動關(guān)系。

　　She has/gets/makes her hair cut once a month.

　　她每月理一次頭發(fā)。

　　3．have sth/sb doing sth

　　此結(jié)構(gòu)表示“讓(使)某人一直做某事”或“讓(使)某物處于某種狀態(tài)”。

　　The two men had their lights burning all night long.

　　那兩個人讓燈亮了一整夜。　1．Thousands of visitors were ________ to the Xi'an International Horticultural Exposition the day it opened.

　　A．a(chǎn)dopted

　　B．a(chǎn)ccepted

　　C．a(chǎn)ttracted

　　D．a(chǎn)ttached

　　2．I didn't want to drive all the way to New York by myself，so I ________ Anna，my best friend of ten years，to ride with me.

　　A．convinced

　　B．consulted

　　C．a(chǎn)dopted

　　D．a(chǎn)dmitted

　　3．When the book，Twilight，was first ________，it was immediately well received by readers.

　　A．brought up

　　B．brought down

　　C．brought about

　　D．brought out

　　4．—Do you know why the teacher asks for me?

　　—He wants you to ________ your absence last night.

　　A．a(chǎn)ccount for

　　B．call for

　　C．send for

　　D．reach for

　　5． When realizing the guard of the supermarket had spotted him，the thief ________ the exit quickly.