* 高中英語時態(tài)講座 英語的時態(tài)

　　Tenses

　　This lecture is about the contents of tenses.

　　Put the following sentences into English

　　(1)我正在看書.

　　(2)他將來.

　　(3)你作業(yè)做完了嗎？

　　(1)I’m

　　reading a book. (2)He will come. (3)Have you finished your homework? I am reading a book. （由助動詞am+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞reading構(gòu)成，表示動作正在進(jìn)行，構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。） He will come. （由助動詞will+動詞原形come構(gòu)成，表示動作將要發(fā)生，構(gòu)成一般將來時。） Have you finished your homework?

　　(由助動詞have+動詞過去分詞finished構(gòu)成，表示動作的完成與否，構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時。） 一般現(xiàn)在時

　　( The Present Indefinite Tense) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時

　　(The Present Continuous Tense) 一般將來時

　　(The Future Indefinite Tense) 現(xiàn)在完成時

　　(The Present Perfect Tense) 一般過去時

　　(The Past Indefinite Tense) 過去進(jìn)行時

　　(The Past Continuous Tense) 過去將來時

　　(The Past Future Tense) 過去完成時

　　(The Past Perfect Tense)

　　Now let’s analyze

　　each tense. 一、一般現(xiàn)在時 ( The Present Indefinite Tense) 1、用法:

　　（1）表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作 Father often _______( go) to work on foot. goes （2）表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或主語的特征 He

　　_____(be) busy at the moment. is （3）表示客觀真理、諺語等 Trains _____(run) faster than cars. run （4）用于時間或條件狀語從句中，一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。 ● We will go to the park if it _____________(not rain) tomorrow. ● We will leave for home as soon as the meeting _____(be) over tomorrow. doesn’t rain is 3、常與下列時間狀語連用:

　　通常與表示頻度（即動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)多少） 意義的副詞或詞組連用. For example:

　　always, often, usually, seldom, never, every day,

　　from time to time, now and then（偶而）, once a month, twice a year, at the moment, generally, etc

　　二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 (The Present Continuous Tense)

　　1、用法： （1）表示說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作。 The dog _________(run) after a cat now. is running

　　（2）表示一階段正在進(jìn)行的動作（但說話時不一定進(jìn)行） They____________(build) the restaurant these days. are building 2、常用時間狀語： now, at the moment, these years, etc. 3、須注意的問題： 1)表示贊揚(yáng)或厭惡、埋怨的語氣時常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時

　　Eg. He is always telling lies.

　　The young man is always helping the poor.

　　You are always making fun of me.

　　2)

　　某些表示感官知覺與心理狀態(tài)的動詞一般不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行

　　時，而用一般現(xiàn)在時。

　　For example: see ,hear, smell, taste,think, like,hate,

　　want, know, have, wish, etc.

　　He wants to visit his grandfather now.

　　The dishes taste delicious.

　　Do you know

　　where he is from? 三、一般將來時 (The Future Indefinite Tense)

　　1.表示將來某個時刻將要發(fā)生的 動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 They ________(fly) to Japan the day after tomorrow.

　　There _____( be )a lecture in the music hall next week. will fly 2、常與下列時間狀語連用： tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week,

　　next year,this week, this coming Saturday,

　　tonight, in an hour, soon, etc.

　　will

　　be

　　3. 口語中大量使用be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)表示 事先打算，有意圖要發(fā)生的動作或客觀情況 下即將要發(fā)生的動作。Will表示對將來情況 的預(yù)測

　　For example: Look at the clouds. It is going to rain. In the future,there are going to be many “Englishes”. I am going to see a film today. You will succeed if you work hard. Will British English disappear one day? Miss Green ___________(come) to the party

　　next Sunday. is coming (2) Look! The old man ________(die).

　　We must send him to the hospital at once. is dying 4、須注意的問題：

　　有些表示位置移動或狀態(tài)改變的動詞 （go, come, leave, arrive, die 等等）,用它 們的進(jìn)行時來表示按計劃安排將要發(fā)生 的動作。 四、現(xiàn)在完成時 (The Present Perfect Tense) 1、用法： 1)表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果 (1)They________________(buy) a new house. （影響是他們有新房子住了） have bought (2) She___________ (lose) her ring.

　　（影響是她現(xiàn)在沒有戒指） has lost 2)表示過去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),

　　常與“for+時間段”或“since+時間點或從句”連用。

　　have learned (2) They___________ (stay) in this hotel since

　　last Tuesday.

　　have stayed

　　(1) We____________ (learn) English for seven years. 2、常與這些時間狀語連用:

　　already, never, ever, yet, before, twice,this month, so far, up to now, in the past/last few years,since ,for,etc.

　　for ten years,for a centry等時間短語， 即for+一段時間，所在的句子常用現(xiàn)在完成時。

　　since 1980s, since I graduated, since ten years

　　ago等since+過去的時間，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時， since從句用一般過去時 ★ ★ 4、注意的問題: 1）have/has been to 與have/has gone to 區(qū)別:

　　have/has been to

　　表示“曾到過某地”，說明有過某種經(jīng)歷。

　　Have/has gone to

　　表示“已去某地”，在途中或已到目的地。

　　(1) She ______________Qindao（她已去青島了） has gone to (2) I ____________Canada（我去過加拿大） have been to 2）瞬間動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的區(qū)別： 瞬問動詞表示短暫不能持續(xù)一段時間的動作。 如come, go, leave, start, begin, buy, become, die等

　　而持續(xù)性動詞表示能持續(xù)一段時間的動作。 如work, stay, live, learn 等 Tell the following sentences true or false.

　　I have bought the calculator for a week.

　　(

　　)

　　(2)I have had the calculator for a week.

　　(

　　)

　　F T

　　第一句動詞buy 屬于瞬間動詞，瞬間動詞不能 與“for + 時間段”、“since + 時間點或從句”連用， 如果要用，必須將瞬間動詞改成持續(xù)性動詞。 leave

　　die

　　buy

　　put on

　　borrow

　　become be away

　　be dead

　　have

　　wear

　　keep

　　be a join the army

　　fall ill

　　catch a cold

　　go out be in the army

　　be ill

　　have a cold

　　be out finish/end

　　arrive here

　　begin/start be over

　　be here

　　be on 3）since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中謂語動詞通常 用一般過去時，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時。 We____________(stay) in this school since we

　　_________ (come) to the city. have stayed came 4）句型：It is +時間段+ since +……瞬間動詞過去式，自從…… It is six weeks since they came here. It is ten years since he smoked. 一、 Fill in the blanks with the verbs in their

　　proper forms. 1.We___________ (solve) the problems soon. 2.You__________(get) wet if you________ (go) out

　　without an umbrella. 3.__________(not throw) paper on the ground. 4. A: What________you_______(do)

　　at the moment ?

　　B: I__________(go) over my lessons.

　　A: When________ you__________( start)

　　going over your lessons?

　　B: An hour ago. 5._____ you ever_______(hear) about the Egyptian Mummy Exhibition at Shanghai Museum?

　　Complete the following exercises . will solve will get go Don’t throw are doing am going did start Have heard

　　6.Your story_________

　　(sound) interesting.

　　You read a lot, don’t you? 7.We __________ (build) ten factories in this small

　　town since 1990.

　　8.As we all know, a lot of changes _____________

　　(take place)in our city in the past ten years. 9.It____(be) three months since I posted the

　　letter . 10.Englishmen seldom ____(talk) in the

　　underground. 11.They ___________(not get) off the bus until

　　the rain stops.

　　sounds have built have taken place is talk won’t get 二、Choose the best answer 1.He’s never been to England,_______?

　　A.is he

　　B.isn’t he

　　C.has he

　　D.hasn’t he 2.The poor man_____in bed up to now. He has no money to see a doctor.

　　A.had laid

　　B.had lain

　　C.has lain

　　D.has laid 3.Neither he nor I_____ interested in playing video games.

　　A.am

　　B.is

　　C.are

　　D./ 4.You______worry about your son. He will be well soon.

　　A.needn’t to

　　B.need to

　　C.don’t need D.don’t need to 5.Internet bars mustn’t let people under 18 in or let

　　anybody_______bad things.

　　A.watch

　　B.to watch

　　C.watching

　　D.watches

　　C C A D A 6.Some passengers were walking through one of the

　　big halls at Paris’ Charles De Gaulle Airport________

　　the whole roof fell down.

　　A.while

　　B.as soon as

　　C.when

　　D.after 7.A:Would you mind telling me_______recently?

　　B:Of course not.

　　A.where did he live

　　B.where does he live

　　C.where he lives

　　D.where he lived 8.I wonder if you_______( go) there by bus or by train

　　tomorrow.

　　A.would go

　　B.will go

　　C.goes

　　D.go C C B 三、Correct the mistakes. (There is only one mistake in each sentence)

　　1.Mr Smith doesn’t be in now. He has gone to New York.

　　2.The teacher said that the earth went around the sun.

　　3.The boy is very sad now because he had just lost his new bike.

　　4.By the time she was fifteen, She started to teach herself computer science.

　　doesn’t be _______isn’t went_________ goes had_________has started__________ had started

　　5.You should apologized to him.

　　6.Plastics are used to making many things.

　　7.The old man has died for several years.

　　8. I said I would show him the picture when I finish it.

　　9. His job at the moment is organize the school sports meeting

　　died________been dead finish_______finished organize_______to organize apologized___________ apologize to making_________to make 10.Bob as well as his friends do some reading every morning.

　　11. They

　　invited to take part in Miss Li’s birthday party last Sunday.

　　12.Jessica prefered milk to tea three years ago.

　　13.I’m sorry I didn’t hear you because I am listening to music. prefered________preferred invited_________were invited do_______does am__________was 14.While they had supper, all the lights went out.

　　15. Scientists has studied the global warming for several years. They are working hard to find a solution.

　　16.The professor usually goes to see a film on Sundays when he was young.

　　17.I’m looking forward to receive your letter.

　　18.Yesterday afternoon I happened to meet my old friend.We have been away from each other for about ten years. goes________went have_________had had________were having has_________have to receive_________receiving 四、Fill in the blanks with the verbs in the box in their proper forms.

　　( not smoke, hold, remember, see, operate, watch)

　　1.He didn’t go to the cinema because he _________

　　the film twice. 2.Jack was asked ____________cigarettes on the bus. 3.He still_____________ riding a bicycle in the street

　　for the first

　　time now.

　　4.The hall is big enough ____________2,000 people. 5.The doctor said that the old woman had to _________

　　on

　　immediately. 6.You had better finish your homework before

　　____________TV.

　　had seen not to smoke remembers

　　to hold be operated watching

　　(Kid,

　　not meet,

　　help,

　　hear,

　　not see,

　　go)

　　Mr.Baker and Mr.Smith work in the same university. They are good teachers and their students like them very much. They often __________ each other when either of them gets in trouble.

　　One day Mr.Smith was very tired, so when he went home he told his new servant,“I’m busy this afternoon.

　　I ____________ anybody.”

　　Just then Mr.Baker went to his friend for help. He knocked at the door. The servant went to answer the door. She didn’t know Mr. Baker and told him that Mr.Smith _______________ anyone that afternoon.

　　help won’t see would not meet Several days later Mr.Smith went to Mr.Baker to ask for advice. But his friend said inside the door, “Sorry, Mr.Baker ___________just _______out.” “______ you_________, Mr. Baker?”

　　said Mr.Smith . “I _____________ it’s you speaking there.”

　　Mr.Baker opened the door and said, “I could believe your servant, Mr.Smith. Why don’t you believe me?”

　　has gone Are kidding have heard

　　“用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空”一直是中考英語試卷中的一個專設(shè)項目，05年學(xué)業(yè)考試的試題雖然較以往有新的變化，時態(tài)填空這大題將被取消，但是它被安排在新增的選擇題中進(jìn)行測試，所以仍然是同學(xué)們必須重點掌握的知識。測試的內(nèi)容主要在于檢測學(xué)生對初中英語八種時態(tài)、被動語態(tài)、情態(tài)動詞以及動詞不定式等的綜合掌握情況。測試的重點在于“具備明確的時間狀語”或“給予情景” 狀態(tài)下學(xué)生正確使用動詞形式的能力。本項目是雙基部分的一個重要內(nèi)容。本講座側(cè)重講了時態(tài)方面的內(nèi)容，在做這方面練 習(xí)時，除了掌握八種時態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)外，我們應(yīng)掌握以下的解題要點： 總結(jié)

　　1、關(guān)注時間狀語、頻度副詞等關(guān)鍵詞，不同時態(tài)往往帶有一定的時間狀語，根據(jù)不同的時間可確定相應(yīng)的時態(tài)。 2、關(guān)注復(fù)合句中基本解 題要點。 3、在確定時態(tài)的前提下，根據(jù)主語與謂語的關(guān)系確定動詞的主動或被動形式。 4、注意各種時態(tài)的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別。 5、情態(tài)動詞、動詞不定式（to）后的動詞使用原形；在部分動詞后要用v-ing形式；非謂語動詞的用法。

　　6、把握能力題的解題技巧。解題中學(xué)生必須做到綜合分析，通盤考慮，才能落筆無誤。 1）情景題：試題沒有明顯的時間狀語，學(xué)生必須仔細(xì)研讀題句，弄清情景意思，找出上下句各個動作之間在時間上的關(guān)系。 2）段落題：注意事件發(fā)生的總體時間，然后根據(jù)時間的推移，對段落進(jìn)行整體理解，在作出準(zhǔn)確判斷的基礎(chǔ)上落筆解題，否則容易產(chǎn)生差錯。因為這是對動詞形式的綜合考核。 7、加強(qiáng)易錯題的辨析和專項訓(xùn)練，提高解題得分率。

　　*