*Tony stayed behind after school and helped John clean up the classroom.

　　放學后托尼留了下來, 幫助約翰打掃教室。 *I think I’d better stay in watching TV instead of going out to do some shopping.

　　我想我最好待在家里看電視, 而不是出去購物。 6. mix up混淆, 弄亂; 攪勻, 拌和 【填一填?激活思維】觀察句子, 寫出黑體部分的含義。 ①Miss Xu made an error and mixed up my results with

　　someone else’s! (

　　) ②Add the eggs to it and mix them up. (

　　) 混淆 攪勻, 拌和 【記一記?構建知識】 mix up. . . with

　　將……和……弄混了 mix sth. with sth. 　 將某物與某物攪在一起 *I always mix him up with his brother. They look so much alike.

　　我總是將他與他的哥哥混淆。他們看起來很像。 *Mix the flour with the eggs and the butter.

　　將雞蛋和黃油與面粉攪在一起。 11. limit n. 限制; 極限; 界限 　

　　vt. 限制 【填一填?激活思維】 ①Our government has ___ __ strict _____ __ drunk driving.

　　我國政府嚴格限制酒后駕駛。 ②We must _____ the expenses __ what we can afford.

　　我們必須把開銷限制在我們能支付的范圍內。 set a limit to limit to 【記一記?構建知識】 set a limit to

　　限制; 控制 within limits

　　在某種程度上, 有一定限制 limit. . . to. . . 把……限制在…… *(2011·浙江高考) It seemed there was no limit to the heights to which kites would fly today.

　　如今似乎對風箏飛的高度沒有限制。 12. balance n. & v. 平衡; 抵消 【填一填?激活思維】 ①Try to _____ a better _______ between work and play.

　　力爭把工作和娛樂更好地平衡起來。 ②You should _______ _____ ____ by eating more fruit and

　　less protein.

　　你應該多吃水果少攝入蛋白質, 使飲食均衡合理。 keep balance balance your diet 【記一記?構建知識】 keep/lose one’s balance保持/失去平衡 a balance in sth. /between A and B 　某物之間/A和B的 平衡狀態 the balance of ecology

　　生態平衡 balanced adj. 保持平衡的 *(2011·江蘇高考) It’s difficult enough to balance such a large turbine so high on a floating spar in the middle of the ocean.

　　在海洋中間漂浮的平臺上如此高地平衡這么大的一個渦輪發電機是足夠困難的。 【看一看?巧學助記】 掌握“平衡” 【核心短語】 13. be supposed to

　　應該……, 應當…… 【填一填?激活思維】 ①You ___ ________ __ leave the room by 12 o’clock.

　　你應該在12點之前離開房間。 ②You ___ ___ ________ __ smoke on the train.

　　在火車上你不應該抽煙。 are supposed to are not supposed to 【悟一悟?參透誤區】 was/were supposed to do sth.

　　is/are supposed to have done sth.

　　should have done sth.

　　ought to have done sth.

　　*The bus was supposed to arrive half an hour ago.

　　=The bus is supposed to have arrived half an hour ago.

　　公交車本來應該在半小時之前到達。 本來應該做某事 (但卻未做) 14. along with

　　與……一起 【填一填?激活思維】 ①Every adult has gone through adolescence, and your

　　friends are going through it right now _____ ____ you.

　　每個成年人都經歷過青少年階段, 你的朋友們現在正與你 一起經歷。 ②Britain along with many other European countries, ___ _____ _______ great changes over the last 100 years.

　　英國和很多其他歐洲國家一樣, 在過去的100年中經歷了 巨大的變化。 along with has gone through 【記一記?構建知識】 (1)along with/with/together with　 與……一起 get along with　與……相處 (2)在各類考試中, 常考查“A + along with/with/together with/as well as +B”結構作主語時, 謂語動詞的單復數形式。其實該結構作主語時, 謂語動詞的單復數與A保持一致, 與along with等介詞短語無關。 15. as if

　　好像, 似乎 【填一填?激活思維】用所給詞的適當形式填空。 ①She loves the boy as if he _____ (be) her own son.

　　她愛這個男孩就像他是自己的兒子一樣。 ②He talks about Rome as if he ________(be) there before.

　　他談起羅馬來好像他曾經去過似的。 ③He opened his mouth as if he _________(say) something.

　　他張開嘴好像要說什么。 were had been would say 【記一記?構建知識】 as if/as though引導方式狀語從句或表語從句, 當所述內容與實際情況相反時, 從句要用虛擬語氣, 即:

　　與現在事實相反——did/were 與過去事實相反——had done 與將來事實相反——would/could/might +do 【悟一悟?參透誤區】 當說話者認為所述的是真實的或極有可能發生或存在的事實時可以用陳述語氣。 *It sounds as if it is raining． 聽起來像是在下雨。 【拓展延伸】類似的虛擬語氣 在虛擬語氣的用法中, 其他類似as if/as though的用法有:

　　(1)would rather所接的從句中動詞用過去式表示現在或將來的愿望, 過去完成式表示過去的愿望。 (2)I wish, If only句型中動詞常用一般過去時、過去完成時或could/would/should/might do分別表示現在、過去或將來強烈的愿望。 *I would rather you came tomorrow instead of today.

　　我寧愿你明天來而不是今天來。 *How I wish you could go with us next time.

　　我多么希望下次你和我們一起去啊。 *If only I had seen my favorite star yesterday.

　　要是我昨天見到我最喜愛的明星就好了。 【經典句式】 16. Daniel has his arms crossed and looks upset.

　　丹尼爾雙臂交叉, 看起來很生氣。 【填一填?激活思維】仿寫句子。 ①He _____________________soon after the accident.

　　事故后不久他就找人把他的汽車修理了。 ②We must ____________________by Tuesday.

　　我們必須在星期二以前完成此項工作。 ③Many people _______________________in the earthquake.

　　許多人的房子在地震中遭到損壞。 has had his car repaired have the work finished had their houses damaged 【記一記?構建知識】 (1)have作使役動詞, 意思是“使……, 讓……”, 后面接復合賓語?！癶ave sth. done”, 過去分詞作賓語補足語, 賓語與過去分詞表示的動作之間構成被動關系。 (2)have sth. done一般有三種含義:

　?、?主語)請/派別人完成某事。 ②(主語)完成某事(可能參與)。 ③(主語)遭受某種不幸的情況。 【拓展延伸】 使役動詞的其他用法:

　　(1)have sb. do sth. / make/let sb. do sth. / get sb. to do sth.

　　讓/叫/使某人做某事(強調結果) (2)have/keep/leave sb. /sth. doing 讓某人/某物一直做某事(強調過程) (3)won’t/can’t have sb. doing sth.

　　不容忍/不允許某人做某事 *My teacher had me post his letter after school.

　　我的老師讓我放學后給他寄封信。 *I won’t have you talking to mother like that.

　　我不允許你跟媽媽那樣說話。 *It was cold. They kept the fire burning the whole night.

　　天冷了。他們讓爐火燒了一整夜。 【要點拾遺】 1. frightened adj. 受驚的; 害怕的 【填一填?激活思維】 ①The _________ _____ stood behind her mother.

　　受驚的孩子站在她母親的身后。 ②Now he is _________ __ ___ out at night.

　　現在他害怕晚上外出。 ③She was _________ __ _____ ___ alone in the house.

　　她害怕被單獨留在房子里。 frightened child frightened to go frightened of being left 【記一記?構建知識】 (1)be frightened to do sth. 害怕做某事 be frightened about/of/by

　　對……感到害怕 be frightened +從句　害怕…… (2)frighten sb. into doing sth. 　用恐嚇手段迫使某人做某事 frighten sb. out of doing sth. 　 用恐嚇手段迫使某人不做某事 frighten sb. to death

　　把某人嚇得要死 *But I wasn’t frightened—I was really just looking forward to the experience.

　　但是我不害怕——我過去真的一直在盼望這種經歷。 *He frightened the boy into keeping quiet.

　　他用恐嚇手段迫使男孩保持安靜。 【看一看?巧學助記】 Helen felt rather frightened that Kate had done such a frightening thing.

　　海倫對凱特做了這么一件令人恐懼的事情感到相當害怕。 2. annoyed adj. 憤怒的, 生氣的 【填一填?激活思維】 ①She will ___ ________ if you don’t agree.

　　如果你不同意, 她將會很生氣。 ②He ____ ________ ___ her rude behaviours.

　　他對她粗魯的舉止非常生氣。 be annoyed was annoyed by 【記一記?構建知識】 be/get annoyed at/with sb.

　　對某人生氣(惱怒) be/get annoyed about/by sth. 　

　　對某事生氣(惱怒) annoy sb. 　

　　使某人生氣/憤怒 What is annoying is that. . . 令人惱火的是…… *The children wouldn’t stop talking, and I was beginning to get annoyed with them.

　　孩子們不愿停止講話, 我漸漸地對他們感到很憤怒。 *What annoyed me most was that he wasn’t listening to what I was saying.

　　最使我惱火的是他不聽我說的話。 *What is really annoying is that we made the same mistake as last time.

　　真正令人惱火的是我們犯了與上次同樣的錯誤。 3. confused adj. 困惑的, 不解的 【填一填?激活思維】 ①They asked me so many questions that I ___ ________.

　　他們問了我如此多的問題, 結果我很困惑。 ②I’m still a little ________ _____ what happened.

　　我仍然對發生過的事有些不解。 got confused confused about 【記一記?構建知識】 confuse sb. =make sb. confused使某人困惑 confusing questions　令人困惑的問題 *What she said made all of us confused.

　　她說的話使我們大家都很不解。 *If you don’t explain clearly, you will confuse the readers.

　　如果你不解釋清楚, 你將會使讀者困惑。 *Some of the questions he asked were very confusing.

　　他問的一些問題很令人不解。 4. tend vi. 往往, 趨向 　vt. 照看 【填一填?激活思維】 ①I ____ __ ___ to bed earlier during the winter.

　　我在冬天常睡得較早。 ②He _____ __________ extreme views.

　　他的觀點趨于偏激。 ③He carefully ______ _____ _______ all summer.

　　他整個夏天都在精心照料著這些花卉。 tend to go tends towards/to tended these flowers 【記一記?構建知識】 tend to do sth. 　

　　易于, 往往會做某事 tend to/towards　

　　傾向于; 趨于 tend (to) sb. 　照料/護理某人 have a tendency to do sth. 　傾向于做某事 *Housing prices have a tendency to increase.

　　房價有上漲的趨勢。 5. stay up

　　不睡覺, 熬夜 【填一填?激活思維】觀察句子, 寫出黑體部分的含義。 ①I studied a lot yesterday and stayed up very late.

　　(

　　) ②We are surprised that some of those cheap houses stay up

　　in the earthquake.

　　(

　　) 不睡覺, 熬夜 站立, 沒有倒塌 【記一記?構建知識】 stay away/back　 離遠點 stay behind

　　留下來; 留在后面 stay in　待在家里 stay out

　　外出; 不在家 *My memory was at fault. 我記錯了。 *(2024·江蘇高考)To be honest, it was Su’s fault but Li was also to blame—they were not calm enough and both said some really mean things.

　　老實說, 這是蘇的過錯, 但李也應受責備——他們不夠冷靜, 都說了一些非常刻薄的話。 【猜一猜?熟詞生義】觀察句子, 寫出黑體部分的含義。 ①There is a basic fault in the design of the engine. It can not be fixed. (

　　) ②Her performance was difficult to fault. (

　　) 缺陷 挑剔 3. upset adj. 不高興的, 失望的, 難過的, 煩惱的, 生氣的

　　vt. 使不高興, 使失望, 使煩惱, 使生氣; 打亂 【填一填?激活思維】 ①She ____ _____ that we didn’t tell her the truth.

　　她對我們沒有告訴她真相感到很不高興。 ②I’m sorry if I’ve _____ _____ _____ for this evening.

　　如果我打亂了您今晚的計劃我對此感到抱歉。 feels upset upset your plans 【記一記?構建知識】 be upset about/over/by 對……感到不高興(煩惱) upset sb. 使某人不高興/失望/生氣 upset the plan攪亂計劃 *Do you know what made her so upset?

　　你知道什么使她如此不高興嗎?

　　*The news upset him. 這消息使他很煩。 【猜一猜?熟詞生義】觀察句子, 寫出黑體部分的含義。 A large wave upset the boat. (

　　) 打翻, 弄翻 【看一看?巧學助記】

　　The little boy is doing his homework while two flies are always upsetting him, and he is upset about them, only to upset the glass full of water.

　　小男孩在做作業, 有兩只蒼蠅老是嗡嗡地打擾他, 小男孩很煩惱, 結果失手打翻了裝滿水的杯子。 4. defend vt. 辯解, 辯白 【填一填?激活思維】 ①She ____ always _________her husband in front of their

　　daughter.

　　她總是在他們女兒面前為丈夫辯解。 ②Our duty is to ______ the country _______ the enemies.

　　我們的職責是保衛國家不受敵人侵襲。 was defending defend against 【記一記?構建知識】 (1)defend one’s country　保衛祖國 defend oneself　為某人自己辯護; 自衛 defend. . . against. . . 保護……免受…… (2)defence/defense

　　n.防御; 防護; 保衛 in defence/defense of保護; 為……辯護 *They fought to defend their country.

　　他們為保衛祖國而戰斗。 *John wrote a letter to the court in defense of his friend.

　　為了為他的朋友辯護, 約翰寫了封信給法庭。 5. deserve vt. 值得; 應得; 應受 【填一填?激活思維】一句多譯。 我們都認為這個問題值得進一步商討。 ①We all think the problem deserves a further _________.

　?、赪e all think the problem deserves _______ _________.

　?、踂e all think the problem deserves __ ___ _______ ________.

　?、躓e all think the problem __ ______ further discussing.

　　discussion further discussing to be further discussed is worth 【記一記?構建知識】 deserve a reward　

　　受獎勵 deserve to do sth. 　

　　應當做某事 Sth. deserves to be done. =Sth. deserves doing.

　　　某事值得被做; 某事應被做。 *(2024·廣東高考) No matter how ordinary a job is, it plays a part in society and therefore deserves our due respect.

　　一份工作無論多么普通, 它都在我們的社會中起著一份作用, 因此應該受到應有的尊重。 *Guangzhou Evergrande had many good players, so they certainly deserved to win the AFC Champions League title.

　　廣州恒大擁有許多優秀的球員, 所以他們理所當然地奪得亞冠聯賽冠軍。 【悟一悟?參透誤區】 Sth. deserves +名詞=Sth. deserves to be done = Sth. deserves doing, 此時句子主語sth. 與deserve后的動詞是邏輯上的被動關系, 即deserve后的動詞與主語是動賓關系。 *Your suggestion deserves consideration/considering/to be considered.

　　你的建議值得考慮。 【拓展延伸】后加doing表被動的動詞 want(需要), need, require后接doing也等于to be done, 此時do的邏輯賓語就是主語。 *The desk needs/wants/requires repairing/to be repaired.

　　課桌需要修理了。 6. handle vt. 處理; 應付 【填一填?激活思維】 ①Leave it to me. I can ______ __.

　　把它留給我。我能處理。 ②Some customers are quite difficult __ ______.

　　有些顧客很難應付。 handle it to handle 【記一記?構建知識】 handle the problem　處理這個問題 handle sth. with care 小心輕放某物 *(2024·江蘇高考)We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.