2024四川劍閣縣高考英語(yǔ)一輪閱讀理解訓(xùn)練

　　【2024高考訓(xùn)練題】閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C、D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。As any plane passenger will confirm, a crying baby is almost impossible to ignore, no matter how hard you try. Now scientists believe they may have worked out why. A baby’s cry pulls at the heartstrings(扣人心弦) in a way while other cries don’t, researchers found.

　　Researchers found that a baby’s cry can trigger unique emotional responses in the brain, making it impossible for us to ignore them---whether we are parents or not. Other types of cries, including calls of animals in great pain, fail to get the same response---suggesting the brain is programmed to respond specifically to a baby’s cry.

　　A team of Oxford University scientists scanned the brains of 28 men and women as they listened to a variety of calls and cries. After 100 milliseconds two parts of the brain that respond to emotion lit up. Their response to a baby’s cry was particularly strong. The response was seen in both men and women—even if they had no children.

　　Researcher Dr Christine Parsons said, “You might read that men should just notice a baby and step over it and not see it, but it’s not true. There is a special processing in men and women, which makes sense from an evolutionary(演變的) view that both men and women would be responding to these cries.” The study was in people who were not parents, yet they are all responding at 100ms to these particular cries, so this might be a fundamental response present in all of us regardless of parental status.

　　Researcher Katie Young said it may take a bit longer for someone to recognize their own child’s cries because they need to do more “fine-grained analysis”. The team had previously found that our reactions speed up when we hear a baby crying. Adults performed better on computer games when they heard the sound of a baby crying than after they heard recordings of adults crying.

　　1. A baby’s cry is difficult to ignore because it _____.

　　A. keeps on crying

　　B. cries harder than adults

　　C. causes people great pain

　　D. makes people feel strong emotions

　　2. The underlined word “trigger” in Paragraph 2 probably means “_____”

　　A. remove

　　B. avoid

　　C. cause

　　D. Cure

　　3. What may Christine Parsons agree to?

　　A. Almost everyone makes certain response to a baby’s cries.

　　B. A crying baby makes no sense to people without children.

　　C. Men pay less attention to a crying baby than women.

　　D. Parents can hardly recognize their own babies’ cry.

　　4. Computer games are mentioned in the text to show _____.

　　A. players’ different reactions to a crying baby

　　B. baby’s crying contributes to quicker reactions

　　C. the influence of baby’s and adult’s crying on performance

　　D. it’s hard to keep one’s concentration with a crying baby nearby

　　參考答案、1-4 DCAB

　　閱讀下列短文，從每小題后所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　Whoever named the bird turkey — a word that English speakers began mentioning as long ago as 1541 — made a big mistake. Although that bird came from Guinea（幾內(nèi)亞）in Africa, the English apparently first imported it from Turkish merchants. So, naturally, they called it a turkey. When English speakers established their first colony in Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607, they thought they saw turkeys there too. “We found an island, on which there were many turkeys,” wrote one. These birds were not from Turkey and were not related to the Guinean fowl（家禽）of Africa. But turkeys they were called, and turkeys they remain.

　　Much of what we know about the Jamestown colony was written by Captain John Smith, whose efforts preserved the colony from collapse（垮掉）and who in turn was preserved by the Indian “princess” Pocahontas. Smith’s accounts of the colony frequently mention turkeys as food, gifts, and objects of trade. In 1607, Smith wrote, to celebrate the first peace after the first armed fight, the Indians brought turkeys, bread and what they had, singing and dancing in celebration of friendship till they departed. Elsewhere Smith noted that the Indians made warm and beautiful cloaks（披風(fēng)）from turkey feathers. Further north, as the Plymouth colony neared the end of its first year in 1621, Governor William Bradford also observed a great flock of wild turkeys, of which they took many.

　　Undoubtedly,

　　turkeys were among the fowls served at the first Thanksgiving dinner.

　　Despite those significant beginnings and Benjamin Franklin’s lobbying（游說(shuō)）, the turkey lost to the bald eagle in the contest for American bird. And it is a loser in modern English slang, too. Since the 1920s, turkey has been a term for a play or movie that is a failure, and since the 1950s for a person who is not fit for his job. But though the turkey never succeeded in becoming the American symbol, it did become the American feast. Thanksgiving is Turkey Day, and the turkey has come into our language more than other birds. We never “talk eagle”, we “talk turkey” when we speak frankly.

　　63. Who named the bird turkey?

　　A. English speakers.

　　B. Turkish merchants.

　　C. Captain John Smith.

　　D. Guineans.

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】從第一段的第二句話Although that bird came from Guinea（幾內(nèi)亞）in Africa, the English apparently first imported it from Turkish merchants. So, naturally, they called it a turkey. 得知雖然這種鳥原產(chǎn)地是幾內(nèi)亞，但是是英國(guó)人從Turkish商人那里買的，很自然的，英國(guó)人就稱這種鳥turkey.

　　【考點(diǎn)定位】考察的是細(xì)節(jié)理解題

　　64. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that ________.

　　A. turkeys were brought to Jamestown by Smith

　　B. the Indians fought with Captain Smith for turkeys

　　C. turkeys were served at the first Thanksgiving dinner

　　D. Captain John Smith wrote a book named Jamestown Colony

　　65. When we say somebody is a turkey, it means ________.

　　A. he is very angry

　　B. he has no ability to do his job

　　C. he likes eating turkeys

　　D. he speaks frankly

　　66. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

　　A. The turkey was beaten in a fight by the bald eagle.

　　B. Turkeys were introduced to America from Guinea.

　　C. The turkey has become American food because it was beaten.

　　D. Turkey has become a term of failure in modern English slang.

　　閱讀下列短文，從每小題后所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　Chinese writer Mo Yan’s Nobel Prize for Literature might ignite an explosion of global interest in Chinese literature and lead to more titles translated into English, European experts say.

　　“Hopefully, the award means more people will read Chinese literature and more works will get translated,” says Michel Hockx, professor of the Languages and Cultures of China and Inner Asia from University of London. “Many very good Chinese writers have been accepted globally for a long time already. Mo Yan is probably the most translated Chinese writer alive, with at least five of his novels made available in English over the past 20 years.”

　　Jonathan Ruppin, web editor of bookseller Foyles, says Mo’s win coincides with growing interest in Chinese literature and recognizes the talents of a distinctive and visionary（富于幻想的）writer. “We are very excited by the fact that English translations of more of his books should now become available,” Ruppin says. He made the comment after Mo became the first Chinese citizen to win the Nobel Prize for Literature in its century-long history.

　　As East-West cultural exchange has been booming, Chinese literature has been attracting growing attention in recent years. Hockx explains, “It’s mainly because there are many more opportunities for Chinese writers to visit other countries, to publish their works outside China and to interact with readers abroad. At the same time, more and more people globally are learning Chinese and taking an interest in the Chinese language and culture.”

　　University of Oxford lecturer in modern Chinese literature Margaret Hillenbrand says, “The obvious reason for the growing global presence of Chinese literature is the growing global presence of China itself. People have come to realize that there is a serious knowledge deficit （缺少）between China and its international counterparts — in particular, China knows incomparably（無(wú)比地）more about Europe and America than the other way round — and reading Chinese literature is an effective, simple means of solving that gap.”

　　67. The underlined word “ignite” in Paragraph 1 probably means

　　“________”.

　　A. start out

　　B. burn up

　　C. set off

　　D. appeal to

　　68. Chinese literature has been attracting growing attention mainly because

　　A. Chinese writers have been writing more and more books in English

　　B. the Chinese language has become the most widely used language in the world

　　C. the Chinese government attaches great importance to literature

　　D. the cultural communication between China and western countries has developed

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】從第四段Hockx explains, “It’s mainly because there are many more opportunities for Chinese writers to visit other countries, to publish their works outside China and to interact with readers abroad. At the same time, more and more people globally are learning Chinese and taking an interest in the Chinese language and culture.” Hockx所解釋的中國(guó)的文學(xué)作品越來(lái)越受關(guān)注的主要原因是中國(guó)的作家有越來(lái)越多的機(jī)會(huì)去國(guó)外推廣的作品并吸引了外國(guó)的讀者。與此同時(shí)，越來(lái)越多的外國(guó)人學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)并對(duì)中國(guó)的語(yǔ)言和文化表現(xiàn)出很厚的興趣，由此可以推斷出中國(guó)和西方國(guó)家的關(guān)系加強(qiáng)了才導(dǎo)致的這種結(jié)果。

　　【考點(diǎn)定位】考察的是推理判斷題

　　69. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

　　A. Chinese literature has spread with the development of China.

　　B. The Nobel Prize for Literature has a history of hundreds of years.

　　C. In the past, no Chinese writers were accepted outside China.

　　D. Foreigners know about China mainly by reading Mo Yan’s works.

　　70. How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?

　　A. China knows more about Europe and America than before.

　　B. China knows more about Europe and America than they know about China.

　　C. China, Europe and America know one another more than before.

　　D. Compared with America, China knows more about Europe.

　　社會(huì)生活類。

　　Cities need to put efforts to deal with pollution and clear the air.

　　Chinese cities will need to put efforts to clear up the sky when a new department to improve regional air quality is set up by 2024, according to the latest plan released by the State Council.

　　Besides the existing pollution control program for SO2, regional emission caps (區(qū)域排放上限) for other certain chemicals will be established in the three key air polluting areas— the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Coal-consumption caps will also be tried out in some areas, according to the plan.

　　“The plan is aimed at dealing with regional air pollution—such as acid rain and smog—which have become increasingly obvious in China in recent years and caused a severe threat to people’s health,” Zhang Lijun, vice-minister of environmental protection, said in an interview on Monday.

　　“The air quality in a city affects the regions nearby because pollutants (污染物) Can travel through the atmosphere,” said Chai Fahe, vice-director of Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences.

　　“So efforts to reduce air pollution in a single city, targeting a certain pollutant will not be enough,” Chai said.

　　Zhang said, “The country’s major industrial districts—the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region—have recorded more than 100 misty days annually in recent years.”

　　These three regions, home to at least 200 million people, occupy only 6. 3 percent of the country’s area but consume 40 percent of the country’s coal and produce half of its steel, according to official figures.

　　Studies also show that the visibility (能見度) in eastern regions of China has dropped by 7 to 15 km compared to that in the early 1960s, as a result of air pollution.

　　Liaoning province, the Shandong Peninsula, Wuhan in Hubei province and its surrounding area, the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan region in Hunan province, the Chengdu-Chongqing region, and the western coast of the Taiwan Straits are also listed as areas to carry out such regional air pollution control programs, according to the plan.

　　The new plan also requires an improved air quality system, which will measure the pollution levels. “The current system, which only measures some major pollutants, cannot reflect the true picture.” said Chai.

　　9. It will not be enough to reduce air pollution in a single city because　.

　　A. air pollution has been becoming more and more serious in recent years

　　B. air pollution like acid rain and smog is threatening people’s health

　　C. air pollutants in a city can travel in the sky and affect nearby areas

　　D. air pollutants stay in fixed places over the cities

　　10. Suppose the visibility in eastern regions of China was 130 km in the early 1960s, the visibility there nowadays is　.

　　A. 123 to 115 kmB. 137 to 145 km

　　C. 123 to 145 kmD. 115 to 137 km

　　11. The main purpose of the passage is　.

　　A. to inform readers of the damage caused by air pollution

　　B. to introduce the new plan to control air pollution

　　C. to provide official figures of air pollution levels

　　D. to point out the regions affected by air pollution

　　12. What does the underlined phrase“the true picture”in the last paragraph mean?

　　A. The major pollutants.

　　B. The key polluted areas.

　　C. The major polluted cities.

　　D. The pollution levels.

　　【參考答案】26.CABD