2024屆廣東省廣州市高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)試題精選:單項填空(情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣)(含解析)

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            2024屆廣東省廣州市高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)試題精選:單項填空(情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣)(含解析)

              情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣

              一、考點(diǎn)解讀

              情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣有千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系,它們往往放在一起考查。在近年高考試題中,對情態(tài)動詞的考查幾乎每年都有。縱觀近幾年的高考試題可以看出,高考對情態(tài)動詞的考查熱點(diǎn)主要包括:

              1. 準(zhǔn)確把握情態(tài)動詞表允許、推測、判斷等用法。

              2. 準(zhǔn)確把握情態(tài)動詞在虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)中的使用。

              3. wish, as if/though, if only, would rather+從句, It's time+從句等句型中的虛擬語氣。

              4. 表示“堅持、命令、建議、要求”的詞匯后及各類從句中的虛擬語氣。

              5. 虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的倒裝。

              二、題例精講

              ()1. They________ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.

              A.will

              B.can

              C.must

              D.should

              【解析】 D 考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。should have done表達(dá)“本應(yīng)該做……然而沒有做成……”。C項有一定的干擾性,must have done sth表示“肯定做了某事”。

              ()2.If you________

              smoke,please go outside.

              A.can

              B.should

              C.must

              D.may

              【解析】 C 考查情態(tài)動詞。must在這里表示“偏偏,非要”的意思。結(jié)合句意:如果你非要吸煙的話,請到外面去。所以選C。can表示“能力”;should表示“應(yīng)當(dāng)”;may表示“可能”。

              ()3.—I don't really like James. Why did you invite him?

              —Don't worry. He

              ________

              come. He said he wasn't certain what his plans were.

              A.must not

              B.need not

              C.would not

              D.might not

              【解析】 D 考查情態(tài)動詞。由后面的“not certain (不確定的)what his plans were”可以看出,他可能不來,所以選D。A項表示“不準(zhǔn),禁止”;B項表示“沒必要”;C項不符合時態(tài)要求。

              ()4. —Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely ruined.

              —I wish they________

              always late.

              A. weren't

              B. hadn't been

              C. wouldn't be

              D. wouldn't have been

              【解析】 A 考查虛擬語氣。由第一個人所說的話可以看出,他擔(dān)心孩子們來了會把準(zhǔn)備好的晚餐給破壞了,由此可以看出,第二句wish 后是對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼奶摂M,用一般過去時即可。

              ()5. I ________ sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.

              A. had come

              B. was coming

              C. would come

              D. would have come

              【解析】 D 考查虛擬語氣。由but 后的句子可知是對過去情況的虛擬,所以應(yīng)該用would have done 結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為:我該早來一會兒的,但是我不知道他們在等我。

              ()6.—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?

              —I am afraid you________, in case he comes late for the meeting.

              A. will

              B. must

              C. may

              D. can

              【解析】 B 考查情態(tài)動詞。根據(jù)問題“要我馬上告知他計劃的改變嗎?”可知答句為“恐怕你必須如此,以防他開會遲到”。

              ()7.—How's your new babysitter?

              —We ________ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.

              A.should

              B.might

              C. mustn't

              D.couldn't

              【解析】 D 考查情態(tài)動詞。根據(jù)句意“你們的新保姆怎么樣?”“我們不能再要求更好的了,孩子們都很喜歡她。”這里couldn't表示“不能……”,符合句意。should表示“應(yīng)該,應(yīng)當(dāng)”;might表示“可能”;mustn't表示“禁止,不允許”。

              ()8. The police still haven't found the lost child, but they're doing all they

              ________.

              A.can

              B.may

              C.must

              D.should

              【解析】 A 考查情態(tài)動詞。can表能力。do all (that) one can意為“竭盡全力”。句意為:“雖然警察仍未找到那個失蹤的孩子,但他們正竭盡所能。”

              ()9.—Why didn't you come to Simon's party last night?

              —I wanted to, but my mom simply ________ not let me out so late at night.

              A.could

              B.might

              C.would

              D.should

              【解析】 C 考查情態(tài)動詞。答語句意:我本來想去,但母親偏不讓我深夜外出。would用于否定句中,表示“不肯,總是不”。

              ()10.I________ through that bitter period without your generous help.

              A.couldn't have gone

              B.didn't go

              C.wouldn't go

              D.hadn't gone

              【解析】 A 考查情態(tài)動詞。所填部分表示對過去發(fā)生過的動作進(jìn)行猜測,應(yīng)用“情態(tài)動詞+ have done”句型,couldn't have done表示“過去本不可能做……(但做了)”,符合題意。

              ()11.—No one

              ________ be compared

              with Yao Ming in playing basketball.

              —Oh, you are really his big fan.

              A.can

              B.need

              C.must

              D.might

              【解析】 A 考查情態(tài)動詞。句意為:“在打籃球方面沒有人能與姚明相比。”“呵,你真是他的粉絲。”根據(jù)句意可判斷選A。

              ()12. If you ________

              go, at least wait until the storm is over.

              A.can

              B.may

              C.must

              D.will

              【解析】 C 考查情態(tài)動詞。根據(jù)句意“如果你________走,至少要等到暴風(fēng)雨停下來吧。”對比四個情態(tài)動詞can“能夠,可能”,may“可能”,must“必須,一定”及will“將要”可知答案為C。

              ()13. It ________ be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock.

              A.mustn't

              B.can't

              C.won't

              D.needn't

              【解析】 B 考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。句意為:在門口的不可能是郵遞員,現(xiàn)在僅僅六點(diǎn)鐘。A項“禁止”;B項“不可能”;C項“將不會”;D項“不必”。根據(jù)句意和語境答案為B。

              三、試題模擬

              ()1.When we worked in the same firm several years ago, we________ often go to the cinema together.

              A. would

              B. will

              C. shall

              D. could

              【解析】 A 考查情態(tài)動詞。句意:當(dāng)幾年前我們在同一家公司工作時,我們常常一起去電影院。would在這里表示(過去)常常。

              ()2.—Where is Lucy?

              —I can't say where she is, but she ________ have gone to meet her classmates, for they want to go to Sichuan to work as volunteers.

              A.can

              B.should

              C.must

              D.may

              【解析】 D 考查情態(tài)動詞。這里表示對過去狀況的推斷,用“情態(tài)動詞+have done”。從前面的“我不確定她在哪里”可知,用may have done,表示“過去可能已經(jīng)了……”(不確定)。must have done表示“過去一定做了……”(非常確定);can have done用在此處不合適,should have done表示“過去本該做……(實(shí)際卻沒做)”。

              ()3.You

              ________ get a new bicycle as a reward for doing well in the following final exam.

              A.must

              B.will

              C.shall

              D.should

              【解析】 C 考查情態(tài)動詞。句意:你在接下來的期末考試中取得好成績的話,會得到一輛自行車作為獎勵。根據(jù)句意可知,此處要用表示許諾的情態(tài)動詞shall。

              ()4.Had you listened to me, you________ in trouble now.

              A. are not

              B. be not

              C.would not be

              D. would not have been

              【解析】 C 考查虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣中, 從句是表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè), 主句表示現(xiàn)在可能會出現(xiàn)的狀況, 主句中常常加now, today等時間狀語, 這時主句謂語動詞應(yīng)該用“would/should/could/might+動詞原形”。句意:你要是早聽我的話, 現(xiàn)在你就不會遇到這么大的麻煩了。

              ()5.I ________ you my bicycle, but I didn't expect you would come back so soon.

              A.might lend

              B.may lend

              C.must have lent

              D.might have lent

              【解析】 D 考查虛擬語氣。句意為:我本可以把自行車借給你的,但是我沒有想到你會這么快就回來了。might have done表示本可以做某事而實(shí)際上沒有做。

              ()6.The order came that the medical supplies

              ________

              to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.

              A.would be sent

              B.should send

              C.be sent

              D.must be sent

              【解析】 C 考查虛擬語氣。當(dāng)表示愿望、請求、建議、命令等意義的動詞(如order,suggest,command等)后面接從句時,從句用虛擬語氣,從句謂語用should+do,should可以省略。故選C。

              ()7.—If you

              ________

              to my birthday party last Saturday, you would have met our old friend Jim.

              —I caught a cold because I had been walking around in the rain.

              A.came

              B.had come

              C.would come

              D.would have come

              【解析】 B 考查虛擬語氣。從語意分析,這是非真實(shí)條件句中對過去狀況的虛擬,主句謂語用should/would/could/might have done,條件句用過去完成時態(tài),答案應(yīng)該選B項。

              ()8.—Thank you for reminding me of the time, or I ________ late yesterday.

              —Don't mention it.

              A.should be

              B.would be

              C.will have been D.would have been

              【解析】 D 考查虛擬語氣。從語境可知說話人是在談?wù)撟蛱斓氖拢虼艘褂们閼B(tài)動詞would+完成式。

              ()9.Without the help of my English teacher, I ________

              the first prize in the English Speaking Competition.

              A.would win

              B.would have won

              C.would not win

              D.would not have won

              【解析】 D 考查虛擬語氣。這是一個隱含的虛擬條件句,含有if my English teacher hadn't helped me with my spoken English之意,表示與過去的事實(shí)相反,故用與過去相反的虛擬語氣,因此D項符合題意。

              ()10.The purpose of education ________ be to provide students with a value system—not to prepare them for a specific job.

              A.will

              B.should

              C.could

              D.may

              【解析】 B 考查情態(tài)動詞辨析。句意:教育的目的應(yīng)該是為學(xué)生提供一套價值觀,而不是讓他們?yōu)閺氖履骋豁椞囟ǖ墓ぷ髯龊脺?zhǔn)備。情態(tài)動詞should表示“應(yīng)該”,合乎語境。

              情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣

              一、考點(diǎn)解讀

              情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣有千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系,它們往往放在一起考查。在近年高考試題中,對情態(tài)動詞的考查幾乎每年都有。縱觀近幾年的高考試題可以看出,高考對情態(tài)動詞的考查熱點(diǎn)主要包括:

              1. 準(zhǔn)確把握情態(tài)動詞表允許、推測、判斷等用法。

              2. 準(zhǔn)確把握情態(tài)動詞在虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)中的使用。

              3. wish, as if/though, if only, would rather+從句, It's time+從句等句型中的虛擬語氣。

              4. 表示“堅持、命令、建議、要求”的詞匯后及各類從句中的虛擬語氣。

              5. 虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的倒裝。

              二、題例精講

              ()1. They________ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.

              A.will

              B.can

              C.must

              D.should

              【解析】 D 考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。should have done表達(dá)“本應(yīng)該做……然而沒有做成……”。C項有一定的干擾性,must have done sth表示“肯定做了某事”。

              ()2.If you________

              smoke,please go outside.

              A.can

              B.should

              C.must

              D.may

              【解析】 C 考查情態(tài)動詞。must在這里表示“偏偏,非要”的意思。結(jié)合句意:如果你非要吸煙的話,請到外面去。所以選C。can表示“能力”;should表示“應(yīng)當(dāng)”;may表示“可能”。

              ()3.—I don't really like James. Why did you invite him?

              —Don't worry. He

              ________

              come. He said he wasn't certain what his plans were.

              A.must not

              B.need not

              C.would not

              D.might not

              【解析】 D 考查情態(tài)動詞。由后面的“not certain (不確定的)what his plans were”可以看出,他可能不來,所以選D。A項表示“不準(zhǔn),禁止”;B項表示“沒必要”;C項不符合時態(tài)要求。

              ()4. —Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely ruined.

              —I wish they________

              always late.

              A. weren't

              B. hadn't been

              C. wouldn't be

              D. wouldn't have been

              【解析】 A 考查虛擬語氣。由第一個人所說的話可以看出,他擔(dān)心孩子們來了會把準(zhǔn)備好的晚餐給破壞了,由此可以看出,第二句wish 后是對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼奶摂M,用一般過去時即可。

              ()5. I ________ sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.

              A. had come

              B. was coming

              C. would come

              D. would have come

              【解析】 D 考查虛擬語氣。由but 后的句子可知是對過去情況的虛擬,所以應(yīng)該用would have done 結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為:我該早來一會兒的,但是我不知道他們在等我。

              ()6.—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?

              —I am afraid you________, in case he comes late for the meeting.

              A. will

              B. must

              C. may

              D. can

              【解析】 B 考查情態(tài)動詞。根據(jù)問題“要我馬上告知他計劃的改變嗎?”可知答句為“恐怕你必須如此,以防他開會遲到”。

              ()7.—How's your new babysitter?

              —We ________ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.

              A.should

              B.might

              C. mustn't

              D.couldn't

              【解析】 D 考查情態(tài)動詞。根據(jù)句意“你們的新保姆怎么樣?”“我們不能再要求更好的了,孩子們都很喜歡她。”這里couldn't表示“不能……”,符合句意。should表示“應(yīng)該,應(yīng)當(dāng)”;might表示“可能”;mustn't表示“禁止,不允許”。

              ()8. The police still haven't found the lost child, but they're doing all they

              ________.

              A.can

              B.may

              C.must

              D.should

              【解析】 A 考查情態(tài)動詞。can表能力。do all (that) one can意為“竭盡全力”。句意為:“雖然警察仍未找到那個失蹤的孩子,但他們正竭盡所能。”

              ()9.—Why didn't you come to Simon's party last night?

              —I wanted to, but my mom simply ________ not let me out so late at night.

              A.could

              B.might

              C.would

              D.should

              【解析】 C 考查情態(tài)動詞。答語句意:我本來想去,但母親偏不讓我深夜外出。would用于否定句中,表示“不肯,總是不”。

              ()10.I________ through that bitter period without your generous help.

              A.couldn't have gone

              B.didn't go

              C.wouldn't go

              D.hadn't gone

              【解析】 A 考查情態(tài)動詞。所填部分表示對過去發(fā)生過的動作進(jìn)行猜測,應(yīng)用“情態(tài)動詞+ have done”句型,couldn't have done表示“過去本不可能做……(但做了)”,符合題意。

              ()11.—No one

              ________ be compared

              with Yao Ming in playing basketball.

              —Oh, you are really his big fan.

              A.can

              B.need

              C.must

              D.might

              【解析】 A 考查情態(tài)動詞。句意為:“在打籃球方面沒有人能與姚明相比。”“呵,你真是他的粉絲。”根據(jù)句意可判斷選A。

              ()12. If you ________

              go, at least wait until the storm is over.

              A.can

              B.may

              C.must

              D.will

              【解析】 C 考查情態(tài)動詞。根據(jù)句意“如果你________走,至少要等到暴風(fēng)雨停下來吧。”對比四個情態(tài)動詞can“能夠,可能”,may“可能”,must“必須,一定”及will“將要”可知答案為C。

              ()13. It ________ be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock.

              A.mustn't

              B.can't

              C.won't

              D.needn't

              【解析】 B 考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。句意為:在門口的不可能是郵遞員,現(xiàn)在僅僅六點(diǎn)鐘。A項“禁止”;B項“不可能”;C項“將不會”;D項“不必”。根據(jù)句意和語境答案為B。

              三、試題模擬

              ()1.When we worked in the same firm several years ago, we________ often go to the cinema together.

              A. would

              B. will

              C. shall

              D. could

              【解析】 A 考查情態(tài)動詞。句意:當(dāng)幾年前我們在同一家公司工作時,我們常常一起去電影院。would在這里表示(過去)常常。

              ()2.—Where is Lucy?

              —I can't say where she is, but she ________ have gone to meet her classmates, for they want to go to Sichuan to work as volunteers.

              A.can

              B.should

              C.must

              D.may

              【解析】 D 考查情態(tài)動詞。這里表示對過去狀況的推斷,用“情態(tài)動詞+have done”。從前面的“我不確定她在哪里”可知,用may have done,表示“過去可能已經(jīng)了……”(不確定)。must have done表示“過去一定做了……”(非常確定);can have done用在此處不合適,should have done表示“過去本該做……(實(shí)際卻沒做)”。

              ()3.You

              ________ get a new bicycle as a reward for doing well in the following final exam.

              A.must

              B.will

              C.shall

              D.should

              【解析】 C 考查情態(tài)動詞。句意:你在接下來的期末考試中取得好成績的話,會得到一輛自行車作為獎勵。根據(jù)句意可知,此處要用表示許諾的情態(tài)動詞shall。

              ()4.Had you listened to me, you________ in trouble now.

              A. are not

              B. be not

              C.would not be

              D. would not have been

              【解析】 C 考查虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣中, 從句是表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè), 主句表示現(xiàn)在可能會出現(xiàn)的狀況, 主句中常常加now, today等時間狀語, 這時主句謂語動詞應(yīng)該用“would/should/could/might+動詞原形”。句意:你要是早聽我的話, 現(xiàn)在你就不會遇到這么大的麻煩了。

              ()5.I ________ you my bicycle, but I didn't expect you would come back so soon.

              A.might lend

              B.may lend

              C.must have lent

              D.might have lent

              【解析】 D 考查虛擬語氣。句意為:我本可以把自行車借給你的,但是我沒有想到你會這么快就回來了。might have done表示本可以做某事而實(shí)際上沒有做。

              ()6.The order came that the medical supplies

              ________

              to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.

              A.would be sent

              B.should send

              C.be sent

              D.must be sent

              【解析】 C 考查虛擬語氣。當(dāng)表示愿望、請求、建議、命令等意義的動詞(如order,suggest,command等)后面接從句時,從句用虛擬語氣,從句謂語用should+do,should可以省略。故選C。

              ()7.—If you

              ________

              to my birthday party last Saturday, you would have met our old friend Jim.

              —I caught a cold because I had been walking around in the rain.

              A.came

              B.had come

              C.would come

              D.would have come

              【解析】 B 考查虛擬語氣。從語意分析,這是非真實(shí)條件句中對過去狀況的虛擬,主句謂語用should/would/could/might have done,條件句用過去完成時態(tài),答案應(yīng)該選B項。

              ()8.—Thank you for reminding me of the time, or I ________ late yesterday.

              —Don't mention it.

              A.should be

              B.would be

              C.will have been D.would have been

              【解析】 D 考查虛擬語氣。從語境可知說話人是在談?wù)撟蛱斓氖拢虼艘褂们閼B(tài)動詞would+完成式。

              ()9.Without the help of my English teacher, I ________

              the first prize in the English Speaking Competition.

              A.would win

              B.would have won

              C.would not win

              D.would not have won

              【解析】 D 考查虛擬語氣。這是一個隱含的虛擬條件句,含有if my English teacher hadn't helped me with my spoken English之意,表示與過去的事實(shí)相反,故用與過去相反的虛擬語氣,因此D項符合題意。

              ()10.The purpose of education ________ be to provide students with a value system—not to prepare them for a specific job.

              A.will

              B.should

              C.could

              D.may

              【解析】 B 考查情態(tài)動詞辨析。句意:教育的目的應(yīng)該是為學(xué)生提供一套價值觀,而不是讓他們?yōu)閺氖履骋豁椞囟ǖ墓ぷ髯龊脺?zhǔn)備。情態(tài)動詞should表示“應(yīng)該”,合乎語境。

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