2024屆高考英語一輪復習知識點精練：2.3 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣 Section Ⅰ（新人教版含解析）
PartⅠ 真題變式體驗
1．[2024·福建高考]－Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
－Oh, it's too bad. You________ have made full preparations.
答案：should 根據句式結構可知，此處考查情態(tài)動詞用法，結合語義，可知此處表示“本應該做而未做的事”，故填should，暗含對對方的責怪。
2．[2024·陜西高考]You________ feel all the training a waste of time, but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it.
答案：may 根據句中的“but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it”可判斷出，表示對前面情況的一種推測，所以用may“也許，可能”。
3．[2024·重慶高考]You ________ be Carol. You haven't changed a bit after all these years.
答案：must 依據第二句可知，此處應用must表示很有把握的推測，意為“一定，肯定”，只用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句或疑問句。
4．[2024·陜西高考]Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I ________ (dance) as well as her.
答案：danced 動詞wish后的賓語從句中常用虛擬語氣。再根據句意，此處表示對現在情況的一種假設，所以從句中的謂語動詞要用一般過去式。
5．[2024·重慶高考]Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway ________ (write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
答案：wouldn't have written 該句使用了含有without的含蓄虛擬語氣，依據語境可知，這里是對過去情況的假設，因此主句用would＋have done結構。
6．[2024·天津高考]I ________ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
答案：needn't 根據語義可知此處表示“沒必要做某事反而做了，”故用“needn't have done”結構。
7．[2024·四川高考]You________ be careful with the camera. It costs!
答案：must 句意：你一定要小心這個相機。它很貴的！根據語境可知，此處表示“一定”，故用must。
8．[2024·福建高考]________ (be) there
no
modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
答案：Were 本題考查虛擬語氣。根據主句謂語結構would have
to可知設空處表示與現在事實相反的假設，if條件從句謂語應為“動詞的過去式”，即If there were...，在虛擬條件句中可以省略if，把were提到句首。句意：要是沒有現代化的通訊工具，我們要等上幾周才能獲取世界各地的資訊。
9．[2024·陜西高考]We
would
rather
our
daughter ________ (stay) at
home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child
any longer.
答案：stayed'考查虛擬語氣。would rather...表示“寧愿，希望”，其后的從句要用虛擬語氣。表示與現在或將來事實相反的假設時，從句用一般過去時；表示與過去事實相反的假設時，從句用過去完成時。如：I'd rather I had not gone wrong yesterday.要是我昨天不出錯就好了。句意：我們希望女兒待在家里和我們在一起，但這是她的選擇，她不再是個孩子了。
10．[2024·重慶高考]It was John who broke the window. Why are you
talking to me as if I ________ (do) it?
答案：had done'本題考查虛擬語氣。第一句已經說明是John打壞的窗戶，所以第二句中as if后面要用虛擬語氣，而且是對過去的虛擬，故填had done。句意：是約翰打壞的窗戶，你為什么和我說呢？好像是我打壞的一樣。
PartⅡ 語篇真題演練
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。
[2024·廣東高考]One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he __16__ (find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it; neither too much __17__ too little.”
His son looked surprised. “I can understand why I shouldn't pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, __18__ not save a bit of money？”
“That would be a very __19__ (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours，” Nick said.
Step 1：通讀全文，掌握主旨大意。
本文講述的是尼克叫兒子去買些鹽，并交代兒子要以合理公平的價格買，不能破壞市場平衡的故事，告訴我們要懂得尊重他人的勞動和維護生活中的公平。
Step 2：逐題解答，確定答案。
16．found。考查時態(tài)。“他發(fā)現他的鹽已經用完了。”由前一句中的“One day, Nick invited.”可知答案。
17．nor。考查副詞。此處為固定結構。
18．why。考查連詞。根據上下文可知，此處表示尼克兒子的疑問。
19．reasonable。考查詞性轉換。修飾名詞用形容詞。
20．who。考查定語從句。從句中缺少主語且指人，可確定答案。
21．at。考查介詞。“以比較低的價格”。Nick's guests, __20__ had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could. Nick replied, “The only reason a man would sell salt __21__ a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing
a lack of respect __22__ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”
“But such a small thing couldn't __23__ (possible) destroy a village.”
“In
the beginning, there was only __24__ very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always __25__ (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.”
22.for。考查固定短語。“show respect for”對……表示尊重。
23．possibly。考查副詞。修飾動詞應用副詞。
24．a。考查冠詞。表示“一點兒，少量的”。
25．thinking。考查非謂語動詞。everyone是主語，added是謂語，think的邏輯主語是everyone，兩者之間是主動關系。
Step 3：代入驗證。
需考慮語法結構正確且語義符合邏輯，語法結合語義才能確保萬無一失。
PartⅠ 真題變式體驗
1．[2024·福建高考]－Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
－Oh, it's too bad. You________ have made full preparations.
答案：should 根據句式結構可知，此處考查情態(tài)動詞用法，結合語義，可知此處表示“本應該做而未做的事”，故填should，暗含對對方的責怪。
2．[2024·陜西高考]You________ feel all the training a waste of time, but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it.
答案：may 根據句中的“but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it”可判斷出，表示對前面情況的一種推測，所以用may“也許，可能”。
3．[2024·重慶高考]You ________ be Carol. You haven't changed a bit after all these years.
答案：must 依據第二句可知，此處應用must表示很有把握的推測，意為“一定，肯定”，只用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句或疑問句。
4．[2024·陜西高考]Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I ________ (dance) as well as her.
答案：danced 動詞wish后的賓語從句中常用虛擬語氣。再根據句意，此處表示對現在情況的一種假設，所以從句中的謂語動詞要用一般過去式。
5．[2024·重慶高考]Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway ________ (write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
答案：wouldn't have written 該句使用了含有without的含蓄虛擬語氣，依據語境可知，這里是對過去情況的假設，因此主句用would＋have done結構。
6．[2024·天津高考]I ________ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
答案：needn't 根據語義可知此處表示“沒必要做某事反而做了，”故用“needn't have done”結構。
7．[2024·四川高考]You________ be careful with the camera. It costs!
答案：must 句意：你一定要小心這個相機。它很貴的！根據語境可知，此處表示“一定”，故用must。
8．[2024·福建高考]________ (be) there
no
modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
答案：Were 本題考查虛擬語氣。根據主句謂語結構would have
to可知設空處表示與現在事實相反的假設，if條件從句謂語應為“動詞的過去式”，即If there were...，在虛擬條件句中可以省略if，把were提到句首。句意：要是沒有現代化的通訊工具，我們要等上幾周才能獲取世界各地的資訊。
9．[2024·陜西高考]We
would
rather
our
daughter ________ (stay) at
home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child
any longer.
答案：stayed'考查虛擬語氣。would rather...表示“寧愿，希望”，其后的從句要用虛擬語氣。表示與現在或將來事實相反的假設時，從句用一般過去時；表示與過去事實相反的假設時，從句用過去完成時。如：I'd rather I had not gone wrong yesterday.要是我昨天不出錯就好了。句意：我們希望女兒待在家里和我們在一起，但這是她的選擇，她不再是個孩子了。
10．[2024·重慶高考]It was John who broke the window. Why are you
talking to me as if I ________ (do) it?
答案：had done'本題考查虛擬語氣。第一句已經說明是John打壞的窗戶，所以第二句中as if后面要用虛擬語氣，而且是對過去的虛擬，故填had done。句意：是約翰打壞的窗戶，你為什么和我說呢？好像是我打壞的一樣。
PartⅡ 語篇真題演練
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。
[2024·廣東高考]One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he __16__ (find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it; neither too much __17__ too little.”
His son looked surprised. “I can understand why I shouldn't pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, __18__ not save a bit of money？”
“That would be a very __19__ (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours，” Nick said.
Step 1：通讀全文，掌握主旨大意。
本文講述的是尼克叫兒子去買些鹽，并交代兒子要以合理公平的價格買，不能破壞市場平衡的故事，告訴我們要懂得尊重他人的勞動和維護生活中的公平。
Step 2：逐題解答，確定答案。
16．found。考查時態(tài)。“他發(fā)現他的鹽已經用完了。”由前一句中的“One day, Nick invited.”可知答案。
17．nor。考查副詞。此處為固定結構。
18．why。考查連詞。根據上下文可知，此處表示尼克兒子的疑問。
19．reasonable。考查詞性轉換。修飾名詞用形容詞。
20．who。考查定語從句。從句中缺少主語且指人，可確定答案。
21．at。考查介詞。“以比較低的價格”。Nick's guests, __20__ had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could. Nick replied, “The only reason a man would sell salt __21__ a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing
a lack of respect __22__ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”
“But such a small thing couldn't __23__ (possible) destroy a village.”
“In
the beginning, there was only __24__ very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always __25__ (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.”
22.for。考查固定短語。“show respect for”對……表示尊重。
23．possibly。考查副詞。修飾動詞應用副詞。
24．a。考查冠詞。表示“一點兒，少量的”。
25．thinking。考查非謂語動詞。everyone是主語，added是謂語，think的邏輯主語是everyone，兩者之間是主動關系。
Step 3：代入驗證。
需考慮語法結構正確且語義符合邏輯，語法結合語義才能確保萬無一失。
