2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練課件：7 形容詞和副詞（牛津譯林版）
1.最高級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有:序數(shù)詞,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really, not quite,nothing like。如: The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River. 目前正在建的那座橋是橫跨黃河之上的橋當(dāng)中最長(zhǎng)的橋。 2.否定+比較級(jí)=最高級(jí)。如: There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends. 為朋友而放棄生命的人的愛(ài)是最偉大的愛(ài)。 He has never spent a more worrying day. 他度過(guò)了最擔(dān)心的一天。 易混點(diǎn)總結(jié) 高考常考易混點(diǎn) 三、最高級(jí) 1....times+as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as... 2....times+形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+than... 3....times+the+性質(zhì)名詞+of... 4.The+名詞+be+...times+what從句 5.The+名詞+be+...times+that/those of... 如:At a rough estimate,Nigeria is three times the size of Great Britain. =At a rough estimate,Nigeria is three times as big as Great Britain. =At a rough estimate,Nigeria is twice bigger than Great Britain. 粗略估算,尼日利亞的面積是大不列顛的3倍。 The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008. =The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008. 一、表示倍數(shù)的幾個(gè)句型 今年的產(chǎn)量是2008年的三倍。 After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced twice as many cars in 2008 as the year before. 自從新技術(shù)被引進(jìn)以后,這家工廠2008年生產(chǎn)的汽車(chē)是上一年的兩倍。 二、表示不定數(shù)量的常用表達(dá)與名詞的搭配關(guān)系 修飾可數(shù)名詞:(a)few;fewer;(the)fewest;several;(a good)many;a(great/large/ small)number of;hundreds of;dozens of;scores of;thousands of 等。 修飾不可數(shù)名詞:a bit of;(a)little;less;a great deal of;a large amount of;(the)least; much 等。 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞:all;a lot of;lots of;enough;plenty of;a large quantity of; large quantities of;more;most;some;any;masses of等。如: We received a good many offers of support. 我們得到了許多支持。
Plenty of foreign firms have set up factories here. 許多外國(guó)公司已在此設(shè)廠。 Quantities of food were spread out on the table. 許多食品被攤在桌子上。 三、下列形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),通常不用“人”作主語(yǔ)。它們是:possible,impossi- ble,probable,necessary,convenient,inconvenient。如: (√)It is probable that it will rain today.(第一個(gè)it是形式主語(yǔ),第二個(gè)it指天氣) (?)It is probable to rain today. (√)It is likely to rain today.(it 指天氣) (√)It is not convenient to work at weekends. (?)Please come here if you are convenient. (√)You can go there if it is necessary. (?)You can go there if you are necessary. 四、幾組易混形容詞、副詞的比較 1.too much,much too too much=much許多;much too=too太 The teacher gave us too much homework today. 今天老師給我們留的作業(yè)太多了。 I am much too pleased to see you. 見(jiàn)到您,我太高興了。 2.nearly,almost,hardly (1)almost 可以與any,no,nobody,never,nothing搭配,但nearly 卻不能跟這些詞搭 配。在表達(dá)中也經(jīng)常用hardly any,hardly anybody 來(lái)代替almost no,almost no- body。如: Almost no one came to the party. =Hardly anybody came to the party.
幾乎沒(méi)人來(lái)參加這個(gè)聚會(huì)。 You can find the meaning of almost any word here.
在這里你可以找到幾乎任何一個(gè)詞的意義。
(2)否定詞not 可放在nearly 之前,構(gòu)成not nearly結(jié)構(gòu),意為“一點(diǎn)兒也不,相差 甚遠(yuǎn)”,但沒(méi)有not almost結(jié)構(gòu)。如: She is not nearly as pretty as her sister.
她一點(diǎn)兒也沒(méi)有她妹妹漂亮。 (3)almost 和nearly 都可用于表示極端之意的形容詞前,但卻不能用于修飾不具 有極端之意的形容詞。如: That is a(n) almost/nearly perfect plan.
那幾乎是一個(gè)完美之計(jì)。 3.fairly,quite,rather,very,pretty (1)這幾個(gè)詞均為副詞,可以修飾形容詞或另外一個(gè)副詞,但表達(dá)的程度不同,這 些詞語(yǔ)氣的輕重如下: fairly→quite→rather/pretty→very (2)fairly語(yǔ)氣最輕,盡管經(jīng)常與褒義詞連用,但由于語(yǔ)氣較弱,往往不帶明顯的恭 維或贊賞,通常譯為“還算”、“相當(dāng)”。比如要說(shuō)某部電影 fairly good,指 的可能是還勉強(qiáng)過(guò)得去,只是沒(méi)有否定。 (3)quite語(yǔ)氣稍重,意為“頗”或“相當(dāng)”。要是說(shuō)某一部電影quite good,那是 說(shuō)這部電影相當(dāng)不錯(cuò),雖不是最好,但至少值得看。 (4)rather或pretty在語(yǔ)氣上又稍重一點(diǎn),意為“十分”或“相當(dāng)”(pretty不如 rather 正式)。要是說(shuō)某一部電影rather/pretty good,指的是這部電影相當(dāng)不錯(cuò), 語(yǔ)氣比較重,意指要高出一般水平或出乎意料的好。兩者均可與褒義或貶義 形容詞連用。與褒義詞連用,表示一種愉快的心情,與貶義(包括不褒不貶)詞 連用,表示一種不贊成或不滿(mǎn)意的心情。如: a rather/pretty good play 一部相當(dāng)好的戲 rather/pretty poor work 相當(dāng)差的工作 (5)very語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng),意為“很”或“非常”。要是說(shuō)某一部電影very good,那是 說(shuō)這部電影很不錯(cuò),算得上是精品之作。 (6)這幾個(gè)詞中,只有rather可以與比較級(jí)以及副詞too(太)連用。如: It's rather warmer today.今天暖和多了。 This one is rather too large.這個(gè)太大了。 注:quite 有時(shí)也與比較級(jí)連用,但通常只用于 quite better(身體好)這一表達(dá) 中。 (7)rather和quite有時(shí)可直接修飾動(dòng)詞,而其他幾個(gè)副詞一般不這樣用。如: I quite agree with you.我完全同意你(的意見(jiàn))。 We rather like the book.我們很喜歡這本書(shū)。 (8)quite與“冠詞+形容詞+名詞”連用時(shí),置于冠詞之前。但遇到類(lèi)似情況, rather可置于冠詞之前,也可置于冠詞之后;very或fairly 則只能放在冠詞之后 (形容詞之前)。如: It's quite/rather a good idea./It's a rather good idea. 那可真是個(gè)好主意。 注:若此結(jié)構(gòu)中沒(méi)有形容詞,rather只能放在冠詞之前。如: It was rather a success.那件事相當(dāng)成功。 (9)修飾不可分級(jí)的形容詞(如:right,wrong,ready,full,empty,perfect,impossible, alone,unique 等)通常只用 quite,此時(shí)quite 并不表示“相當(dāng)”或“很”,而表示 “完全”。如: You're quite right/wrong.你完全正確/錯(cuò)了。 That's quite impossible.那完全不可能。 4.possible,probable,likely (1)意義上的區(qū)別: possible指客觀上的可能性,但往往含有希望很小的意味; probable比possible可能性大,表“很可能、大概”,指有實(shí)際依據(jù)或邏輯上的 合情合理; likely是從外表跡象進(jìn)行判斷,有可能發(fā)生某事。如: It is possible,though not probable,that he will come tomorrow. 他明天可能來(lái),但也不一定準(zhǔn)會(huì)來(lái)。 The probable cause of his failure was that he had been too tired. 他失敗大概是因?yàn)樗哿恕?He is very likely to ring me tonight. 今晚他很可能給我打電話。 (2)句型上的不同: ①I(mǎi)t is possible/probable/likely+that從句 ②It is possible(for sb.)to do sth. ③Sb./Sth.is likely to do sth. 5.具有兩種形式的副詞 英語(yǔ)中有的副詞兼有兩種形式:一種是與形容詞同形;另一種是在該形容詞后 面加副詞詞綴-ly構(gòu)成。這兩種形式的副詞在詞義和用法上有一定的差異,有 的甚至完全不同。 常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)副詞有:firm堅(jiān)信、堅(jiān)持,firmly堅(jiān)固地;direct徑直地,directly恰好、 直接、坦率地;free自由地、免費(fèi)地,freely自由自在地、隨便地;flat平直地,flat- ly斬釘截鐵地;short突然(=suddenly),shortly不久;even甚至,evenly平均地;clean 完全地、徹底地,cleanly清潔地、干凈利落地;clear隔開(kāi)地、不接觸地,clearly 清晰地、明顯地;close近地,closely緊密地、仔細(xì)地;dead極其地、完全地,dead- ly死一般地、非常;fair公平地、公正地,fairly相當(dāng)?shù)?hard努力地,hardly幾乎沒(méi) 有、幾乎不;most最,mostly大部分地、主要地;right直接地、徑直地、立即, rightly合理地、正確地;high高高地,highly很、非常;just正好,justly公正地;late 遲、晚,lately最近;near近,nearly幾乎;pretty相當(dāng)?shù)?prettily優(yōu)美地;sharp突然 地、急劇地,sharply嚴(yán)厲地。如: I clean forgot to ask her.我完全忘記去問(wèn)她了。 Jack caught the ball cleanly.杰克干凈利落地接住了球。 He lives close to the village.他住得離那個(gè)村莊很近。 We must look closely at the problems. 我們必須仔細(xì)地審視這些問(wèn)題。 After a day's hard work,he was dead tired. 辛勤工作一天后,他筋疲力盡。 The book is deadly dull.這本書(shū)非常枯燥。 The birds are flying high.鳥(niǎo)兒正在高飛。 He is a highly skilled worker.他是一個(gè)非常熟練的工人。 He has been working late.他一直工作到很晚。 I haven't seen him lately.我最近沒(méi)見(jiàn)他。 The film director is pretty known.這個(gè)電影導(dǎo)演非常出名。 We are prettily dressed.我們穿得很漂亮。 The road turns sharp to the right.這條路突然向右轉(zhuǎn)。 “Is there a problem?”he asked sharply. “有問(wèn)題嗎?”他厲聲喝問(wèn)。 五、易混句型的區(qū)別 1.so...that與such...that so...that和such...that都作“如此……以至于……”講,that引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從 句。常見(jiàn)句型如下: so+形容詞/副詞+that such+?+that such...that和so...that有時(shí)可以換用,條件是such所修飾的名詞必須是一個(gè)單數(shù) 可數(shù)名詞,且該名詞前還帶有表性質(zhì)的形容詞。轉(zhuǎn)變公式如下: such+a/an+形容詞+名詞=so+形容詞+a/an+名詞。如: He is such a good student that we all like him. He is so good a student that we all like him. 他是一個(gè)如此好的學(xué)生,以至于我們都喜歡他。 但是如果是不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,則只能用such而不能用so修飾。如: It was such bad weather that he had to stay at home. 天氣如此不好以至于他不得不待在家里。 如果復(fù)數(shù)名詞前有many,few,不可數(shù)名詞前有much,little等表示數(shù)量的形容詞 時(shí),應(yīng)該用so而不用such。如: I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over. 我摔了很多次,以至于全身青一塊紫一塊的。 Mr.White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul to- gether. 懷特先生一個(gè)月賺如此少的錢(qián)以至于幾乎不能維持生活。 當(dāng)little不表示數(shù)量少而表示“小”的意思時(shí),用such。如: They are such little children that they cannot clean the house by themselves. 他們是如此小的孩子,以至于他們不能自己打掃屋子。 2.其他常用句型: (1)? 與其說(shuō)A不如說(shuō)B He is more lazy than slow at his work. 與其說(shuō)他工作慢不如說(shuō)他懶。 (2)no more...than...與……一樣不……,不比……多…… The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官員們并不比皇帝看到的多。 no less...than...與……一樣…… He is no less diligent than you. 他與你一樣勤奮。 (3)more than不止是,非常 She is more than kind to us all. 她對(duì)我們都非常好。 (4)rather than而不是 He wants to go swimming with me rather than you. 他想和我而不是和你一起去游泳。 (5)other than除……外 You can't reach the village other than by boat. 除了坐船外,你不能到達(dá)這個(gè)村莊。 高頻考點(diǎn)一 形容詞和副詞基本意思的考查 在傳統(tǒng)的單項(xiàng)填空題型中,對(duì)形容詞和副詞基本意思的考查,主要是命題者設(shè) 計(jì)一個(gè)科學(xué)的切合實(shí)際生活的題干,要求考生對(duì)所給四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的形容詞或 副詞意思掌握準(zhǔn)確,做出正確的選擇。在新的語(yǔ)法填空題型中,要求考生根據(jù) 語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合句子結(jié)構(gòu)去判斷設(shè)空處到底需要形容詞形式還是副詞形式。修飾 名詞時(shí)就要用形容詞形式,注意兩個(gè)并列形容詞表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)的現(xiàn)象。如果 修飾句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要用副詞形式。 考點(diǎn)清單 典例1????(2024福建,23)It was ????(consider)of Michael to inform us of his de- lay in case we got worried. ?答案 considerate ?解析 句意:邁克爾考慮得非常周到,他告訴我們他將耽擱一些時(shí)間,以防我 們擔(dān)心。considerate考慮周到的。 典例2????(2024湖北,29)The girl used to be shy,but is ????(gradual)getting ac- tive in group work and is more willing to express herself. ?答案 gradually ?解析 句意:這個(gè)女孩過(guò)去很靦腆,但是她逐漸變得積極參加集體活動(dòng)了,也 更愿意表達(dá)自己了。設(shè)空處需用副詞作狀語(yǔ)。gradually慢慢地,逐漸地。 ? ? 高頻考點(diǎn)二 形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí) 1.平級(jí)比較 as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as...像……一樣…… as+adj.+a/an+名詞+as...像……一樣的…… as much+a/an+名詞+as...和……一樣是…… not as/so+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as...不如……那樣…… 2.比較級(jí) ? 3.最高級(jí) 最高級(jí)的常見(jiàn)修飾語(yǔ)有:序數(shù)詞,by far,nearly,almost等。 典例3????(2024四川,7)Andy is content with the toy.It is the????(good)he has ever got. ?答案 best ?解析 句意:Andy對(duì)這個(gè)玩具很滿(mǎn)意。這是他得到過(guò)的最好的。“It is+the+ 形容詞最高級(jí)+sb.has/have done”為固定句型。 ? 高頻考點(diǎn)三 倍數(shù)表示法 ? 典例4????(2024安徽,33)It's said that the power plant is now twice????large as what it was. ?答案 as ?解析 句意:據(jù)說(shuō)這個(gè)發(fā)電廠現(xiàn)在是過(guò)去的兩倍大。倍數(shù)表達(dá)法有三種:① 倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)+as;②倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)+than;③倍數(shù)+ the+性質(zhì)名詞+of。 ? 高頻考點(diǎn)四 常用連接性副詞
1.though作副詞時(shí),常在句末,意為“然而,可是”,表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義。 2.therefore“因此,所以”,表示結(jié)果。 3.meanwhile“與此同時(shí),在此期間”,表示前后句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 4.moreover“另外”,表示承接關(guān)系。 5.however“然而”,表示讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折,常用逗號(hào)與句子的其他成分隔開(kāi)。 6.besides“而且;還有”,表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。 7.instead“相反”,表示前后句意義相反。
8.anyway/anyhow意為“盡管,即使這樣”,表示轉(zhuǎn)折。 9.rather 意為“相反,而是”。 典例5????(2024安徽,33)It's our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and,????,supply more jobs. ?答案 therefore ?解析 句意:我們希望我們能在市場(chǎng)上發(fā)揮更大的作用,這樣就能提供更多 的工作崗位。根據(jù)句意可知前后是邏輯上的因果關(guān)系,故答案為therefore。 ? 知識(shí)清單一 形容詞和副詞的基本用法 一、復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成 1.副詞詞干+現(xiàn)在分詞,如:hard-working勤勞的 2.名詞詞干+過(guò)去分詞,如:man-made人造的 3.名詞詞干+現(xiàn)在分詞,如:time-consuming耗時(shí)的 4.名詞詞干+形容詞,如:world-famous世界聞名的 5.數(shù)詞詞干+名詞,如:five-star五星級(jí)的 6.數(shù)詞詞干+名詞-ed,如:three-legged三條腿的 7.數(shù)詞詞干+名詞+形容詞,如:five-year-old 5歲的 8.形容詞詞干+過(guò)去分詞,如:ready-made現(xiàn)成的 9.形容詞詞干+名詞-ed,如:kind-hearted好心的 知識(shí)清單 10.形容詞詞干+現(xiàn)在分詞,如:ordinary-looking相貌一般的 11.形容詞詞干+形容詞,如:red-hot熾熱的 二、以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞 1.常見(jiàn)的有:costly,cowardly,deadly,friendly,likely,lively,lonely,lovely,silly,un- likely。如: She smiled in a friendly way.她友好地微微一笑。 He gave a silly laugh.他傻笑了一陣。 2.daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early和leisurely既是形容詞,也是副詞。如: It's a daily paper.這是一份日?qǐng)?bào)。 It comes out daily.它天天出版。 It's an early train.這是一趟早班火車(chē)。 I got up early.我起得早。 三、形容詞的位置 一般情況下,形容詞作定語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞前。但在下列情況下,形容詞要放在 被修飾詞后面。 1.形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾由some-,any-,every-,no-和-body,-thing,-one等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合 不定代詞時(shí),需后置。如: There is nobody absent today.今天沒(méi)有人缺席。 Is there anything wrong with your car? 你的汽車(chē)出什么毛病了嗎? 2.以-able或-ble結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于由形容詞最高級(jí)或only等詞修飾的名詞后 面。如: That is the best book available. 那是可用的最好的一本書(shū)。 That is the only solution possible. 那是唯一可行的解決方法。 3.成對(duì)的形容詞需后置。如: There was a huge room,simple and beautiful. 有一個(gè)大房間,簡(jiǎn)樸而漂亮。 She has many pencils,blue and red. 她有許多鉛筆,有藍(lán)的和紅的。 4.當(dāng)“形容詞+介詞/不定式”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí),需后置。如: The teacher asked me a question too difficult to answer. 老師問(wèn)了我一個(gè)太難而無(wú)法回答的問(wèn)題。 A man so difficult to please must be hard to work with. 一個(gè)如此難以取悅的人一定不好共事。 5.當(dāng)old,long,high,wide,deep等詞附有數(shù)量詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí),需后置。如: At that time she was only a girl five years old. 那時(shí),她只是一個(gè)五歲的小女孩。 Yesterday,I saw a snake about a meter long. 昨天,我看到一條大約一米長(zhǎng)的蛇。 6.英語(yǔ)中有些形容詞既可以作前置定語(yǔ),也可以作后置定語(yǔ),但意義不同,常見(jiàn) 的有:present(現(xiàn)在的/在場(chǎng)的),responsible(可信賴(lài)的/應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)的),concerned(憂心 忡忡的/有關(guān)的),involved(復(fù)雜難懂的/相關(guān)的),absent(心不在焉的/缺席的)。 如: ? ? ? ? 四、多個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的排列順序 當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí),與被修飾的名詞關(guān)系較密切的 形容詞靠近名詞;如果幾個(gè)形容詞的密切程度差不多,則音節(jié)少的形容詞在前, 音節(jié)多的在后。如:a small wonderful gift。 常用的順序?yàn)?限定詞(these,those)+數(shù)詞(three)+描繪性形容詞(beautiful)+大 小、長(zhǎng)短、高低等形體性形容詞(large,long,high)+新舊(old)+顏色(red)+國(guó)籍 (Chinese)+材料(wooden)+用途(writing)+被修飾名詞(desk)。 為了方便記憶,不妨試試如下口訣: 限定描述大長(zhǎng)高,形狀年齡與新老; 顏色國(guó)籍出材料,用途類(lèi)別往后靠。 記住以上規(guī)則是必要的,但還應(yīng)多閱讀,多體會(huì),增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)感。如: all these last few days 最近的這些日子 a light blue silk skirt 一條淺藍(lán)色絲裙 the first/last two paragraphs 最前/最后兩段 another three English books 另外三本英語(yǔ)書(shū) some beautiful little red flowers 一些美麗的小紅花 an old brown woolen carpet 一件舊的棕色羊毛毯 an expensive purple cotton dress 一件昂貴的紫色棉衣 五、表語(yǔ)形容詞 表語(yǔ)形容詞(如:afraid,alone,awake,asleep,alive,alike,ashamed,afloat,well,sorry, unable,worth,sure)并非只能作表語(yǔ),它們還可以作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),有的還可作后置定語(yǔ) (一般不作前置定語(yǔ))。如: To my surprise,the driver is still alive after the traffic accident. 令我驚訝的是,交通事故發(fā)生后,司機(jī)還活著。 She was the only person awake that night. 她是那天晚上唯一一個(gè)醒著的人。 六、形容詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ) 形容詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)表示伴隨或結(jié)果,并不表達(dá)動(dòng)作的方式。如: He returned home,safe and sound. 他回到了家,安然無(wú)恙。 The goat rolled over,dead. 山羊翻了個(gè)身,死了。 He is standing there,full of fear. 他站在那里,充滿(mǎn)了恐懼。 七、有些副詞置于句首可修飾全句,作評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)。如: Fortunately,he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA. 幸運(yùn)的是,他沒(méi)被淹死,被中國(guó)人民解放軍救了。
Happily for her,her stepmother was kind to her. 使她高興的是,她的繼母對(duì)她很好。
Obviously,your answer is absolutely wrong. 很顯然,你的答案絕對(duì)錯(cuò)了。
Naturally,you want to discuss this problem with your parents. 很自然,你想和你的父母商量一下此事。 八、副詞enough的用法 1.enough作副詞用來(lái)修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí)要放在所修飾詞的后面。如: Students brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. 足夠勇敢參加這次探險(xiǎn)課的學(xué)生肯定會(huì)學(xué)到很多有用的技能。 Strangely enough,some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless. 很奇怪,一些著名的科學(xué)家具有細(xì)心和粗心雙重特點(diǎn)。 2.cannot與enough連用,表示“再……也不為過(guò)”。如: You cannot be careful enough.你再細(xì)心也不為過(guò)。 注意:enough的此種用法還可用“cannot/can never...too...”表達(dá)。如: —Mary,look,what did I find? —Oh,my lost key?I can't thank you too much.(=I can't thank you much enough.) ——瑪麗,你看,我找到什么了? ——噢,我丟失的鑰匙?太感謝你了。 —I was riding along the street and all of a sudden,a car cut in and knocked me down. —You can never be too careful in the street. ——我正沿著大街騎車(chē),突然一輛汽車(chē)橫插過(guò)來(lái),把我撞倒了。 ——在大街上,你再小心也不為過(guò)。 九、熟記下列有關(guān)形容詞、副詞的固定搭配 He's dead/blind drunk(=very drunk).他喝得酩酊大醉。 He's wide awake.他完全沒(méi)有睡意。 It's raining/snowing heavily.雨/雪下得很大。 He's sound/fast asleep.他睡得很沉。 He's moving/breathing/drinking/smoking heavily. 他吃力地移動(dòng)/喘著粗氣/酒喝得多/煙抽得多。 The traffic/His moustache is heavy. 交通擁擠/他的胡子濃密。 The population of China is larger than that of America. 中國(guó)的人口比美國(guó)的多。 The price of the book is high/low.(=The book is expensive/cheap.)這本書(shū)的價(jià)格 很高/低。(這本書(shū)很貴/便宜。) They are very much alike. 他們非常相像。 They are much afraid to go out alone at night. 他們很害怕晚上單獨(dú)出去。 The hall was nowhere near full.(=The hall was not anywhere near full.)那個(gè)大廳 遠(yuǎn)未滿(mǎn)座。 十、有些連詞也可以作副詞,但作副詞時(shí),常放在句末。如:though,(ever)since, in case等。如: She promised to phone.I heard nothing,though. =Though she promised to phone,I heard nothing. 她答應(yīng)要打電話來(lái),可我沒(méi)聽(tīng)到回信兒。 He is old.He works hard,though. =Though he is old,he works hard. 他雖然年事已高,但他工作還是很努力。 He came to this school in 1988.He has been working here ever since.=He has been working here since he came to this school in 1988. 1988年他來(lái)到了這個(gè)學(xué)校。自那時(shí)起,他一直在這里工作。 知識(shí)清單二 形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí) 一、平級(jí)比較 1.用as...as...,not...as/so...as...引導(dǎo)。如: Henry is a worker as good as Peter(is). =Henry is as good a worker as Peter(is). Henry和Peter一樣都是好工人。 Henry does not have so/as many books as I have. Henry的書(shū)不如我的多。 It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science. 人們普遍認(rèn)為,教學(xué)是一門(mén)科學(xué),同時(shí)也是一門(mén)藝術(shù)。 2.as+形容詞+as+數(shù)量詞=數(shù)量詞+形容詞。如:
The building is as tall as 100 meters. =The building is 100 meters tall. 這幢樓有100米高。 3.貌似平級(jí)比較結(jié)構(gòu)的一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ) 英語(yǔ)中有些看似是平級(jí)的比較結(jié)構(gòu),實(shí)際上它們是一些固定的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ),它們 是:as long as只要;as far as遠(yuǎn)至某地點(diǎn),就……而言;as soon as 一……就;as well as既……又;as good as(=very nearly)與……幾乎一樣,幾乎,簡(jiǎn)直是。如: I will work as long as I live. 只要活著,我就要工作。 As far as I know,he is a reliable person. 據(jù)我所知,他是一個(gè)可靠的人。 The average cost of one day in a hospital in that country can run as high as $ 400. 在那個(gè)國(guó)家里平均一天的住院費(fèi)用可高達(dá)400美元。 He has experience as well as knowledge. 他既有知識(shí)又有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。(注意此句翻譯的順序) He as good as called me a coward. 他無(wú)異于說(shuō)我是個(gè)懦夫。 She is as good as her word.她這個(gè)人很講信用。 He saw her off as far as the bridge near the village. 他把她送到了村邊的小橋那里。 二、比較級(jí) 1.比較級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有:rather,much,still,even,far,a lot,a little,a great deal,by far,a bit,three times等。如: The students study even harder than before. 學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)比以前更努力了。 2.“the+比較級(jí)...,the+比較級(jí)...”表示“越……,越……”。如: The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get. 你賣(mài)的票越多,掙的錢(qián)越多。 The more you talked,the less attention he paid to you. 你說(shuō)得越多,他越不注意聽(tīng)你講。 The longer you stay,the better(it will be). 你待的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)越好。 3.“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”表示“越來(lái)越……”。如: The new city is becoming more and more beautiful. 這座新城市變得越來(lái)越美麗了。 4.“the+比較級(jí)+of the two+名詞”表示“兩個(gè)……中較……的”。如: The taller of the two boys is my brother. 那兩個(gè)男孩中較高的那個(gè)是我的哥哥。 5.用介詞by表示相差的程度。如: She is taller than I by three inches. =She is three inches taller than I. 她比我高3英寸。 6.某人的兩種性質(zhì)的比較,用more...than...結(jié)構(gòu),意為“與其……不如……”。 如: —Ann acts quite unfriendly. —I think she's more shy than unfriendly.(more shy不可變?yōu)閟hyer) ——安表現(xiàn)得很不友好。 ——我認(rèn)為與其說(shuō)她不友好,不如說(shuō)她害羞。 7.比較的對(duì)象不能相互包含,常見(jiàn)的句型是: 比較級(jí)+than+?
如: The Mississippi River is longer than any other river in the United States. 密西西比河比美國(guó)其他任何一條河都長(zhǎng)。 China is larger than? 8.比較的對(duì)象應(yīng)該相同。如: The climate here is warmer than that of Shanghai. 這里的氣候比上海的暖和。 The radios made in our factory are better than those(made)in your factory. 我們廠生產(chǎn)的收音機(jī)比你們廠生產(chǎn)的好。 9.注意比較結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略現(xiàn)象 在日常交際中,彼此都明白的比較對(duì)象往往省略。如: —What do you think of the film? —I have never seen a better one.(后邊省略了than this film) Tom's composition,if not better(后邊省略了than Jack's),is at least as good as Jack's. 這種省略現(xiàn)象給考生正確判斷造成一定的障礙,在高考中出現(xiàn)頻率較高,應(yīng)引 起足夠的重視。 10.貌似比較級(jí)的一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ) In no country other than Britain can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day. 只有在英國(guó),人們才能在一天中體驗(yàn)四個(gè)季節(jié)。(no...other than只有,正是。它 常用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ))
More than one student was given away a ticket to the concert. 不止給一個(gè)學(xué)生發(fā)了音樂(lè)會(huì)的票。 His whole school education added up to no more than(=only)one year. 他所受過(guò)的全部學(xué)校教育加起來(lái)僅僅一年。 He prefers to stay at home rather than go to the cinema. 他寧愿待在家里,也不愿意去看電影。 Hibernation is more than sleep.冬眠不僅僅是睡覺(jué)。 He is far more pleased at the news. 聽(tīng)到那個(gè)消息,他極其高興。
The work is more or less(=almost)finished. 這項(xiàng)工作幾乎完成了。 A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.(=A whale is not a fish any more than a horse is.) 鯨不是魚(yú),正如馬不是魚(yú)一樣。
1.最高級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有:序數(shù)詞,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really, not quite,nothing like。如: The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River. 目前正在建的那座橋是橫跨黃河之上的橋當(dāng)中最長(zhǎng)的橋。 2.否定+比較級(jí)=最高級(jí)。如: There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends. 為朋友而放棄生命的人的愛(ài)是最偉大的愛(ài)。 He has never spent a more worrying day. 他度過(guò)了最擔(dān)心的一天。 易混點(diǎn)總結(jié) 高考常考易混點(diǎn) 三、最高級(jí) 1....times+as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as... 2....times+形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+than... 3....times+the+性質(zhì)名詞+of... 4.The+名詞+be+...times+what從句 5.The+名詞+be+...times+that/those of... 如:At a rough estimate,Nigeria is three times the size of Great Britain. =At a rough estimate,Nigeria is three times as big as Great Britain. =At a rough estimate,Nigeria is twice bigger than Great Britain. 粗略估算,尼日利亞的面積是大不列顛的3倍。 The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008. =The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008. 一、表示倍數(shù)的幾個(gè)句型 今年的產(chǎn)量是2008年的三倍。 After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced twice as many cars in 2008 as the year before. 自從新技術(shù)被引進(jìn)以后,這家工廠2008年生產(chǎn)的汽車(chē)是上一年的兩倍。 二、表示不定數(shù)量的常用表達(dá)與名詞的搭配關(guān)系 修飾可數(shù)名詞:(a)few;fewer;(the)fewest;several;(a good)many;a(great/large/ small)number of;hundreds of;dozens of;scores of;thousands of 等。 修飾不可數(shù)名詞:a bit of;(a)little;less;a great deal of;a large amount of;(the)least; much 等。 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞:all;a lot of;lots of;enough;plenty of;a large quantity of; large quantities of;more;most;some;any;masses of等。如: We received a good many offers of support. 我們得到了許多支持。
Plenty of foreign firms have set up factories here. 許多外國(guó)公司已在此設(shè)廠。 Quantities of food were spread out on the table. 許多食品被攤在桌子上。 三、下列形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),通常不用“人”作主語(yǔ)。它們是:possible,impossi- ble,probable,necessary,convenient,inconvenient。如: (√)It is probable that it will rain today.(第一個(gè)it是形式主語(yǔ),第二個(gè)it指天氣) (?)It is probable to rain today. (√)It is likely to rain today.(it 指天氣) (√)It is not convenient to work at weekends. (?)Please come here if you are convenient. (√)You can go there if it is necessary. (?)You can go there if you are necessary. 四、幾組易混形容詞、副詞的比較 1.too much,much too too much=much許多;much too=too太 The teacher gave us too much homework today. 今天老師給我們留的作業(yè)太多了。 I am much too pleased to see you. 見(jiàn)到您,我太高興了。 2.nearly,almost,hardly (1)almost 可以與any,no,nobody,never,nothing搭配,但nearly 卻不能跟這些詞搭 配。在表達(dá)中也經(jīng)常用hardly any,hardly anybody 來(lái)代替almost no,almost no- body。如: Almost no one came to the party. =Hardly anybody came to the party.
幾乎沒(méi)人來(lái)參加這個(gè)聚會(huì)。 You can find the meaning of almost any word here.
在這里你可以找到幾乎任何一個(gè)詞的意義。
(2)否定詞not 可放在nearly 之前,構(gòu)成not nearly結(jié)構(gòu),意為“一點(diǎn)兒也不,相差 甚遠(yuǎn)”,但沒(méi)有not almost結(jié)構(gòu)。如: She is not nearly as pretty as her sister.
她一點(diǎn)兒也沒(méi)有她妹妹漂亮。 (3)almost 和nearly 都可用于表示極端之意的形容詞前,但卻不能用于修飾不具 有極端之意的形容詞。如: That is a(n) almost/nearly perfect plan.
那幾乎是一個(gè)完美之計(jì)。 3.fairly,quite,rather,very,pretty (1)這幾個(gè)詞均為副詞,可以修飾形容詞或另外一個(gè)副詞,但表達(dá)的程度不同,這 些詞語(yǔ)氣的輕重如下: fairly→quite→rather/pretty→very (2)fairly語(yǔ)氣最輕,盡管經(jīng)常與褒義詞連用,但由于語(yǔ)氣較弱,往往不帶明顯的恭 維或贊賞,通常譯為“還算”、“相當(dāng)”。比如要說(shuō)某部電影 fairly good,指 的可能是還勉強(qiáng)過(guò)得去,只是沒(méi)有否定。 (3)quite語(yǔ)氣稍重,意為“頗”或“相當(dāng)”。要是說(shuō)某一部電影quite good,那是 說(shuō)這部電影相當(dāng)不錯(cuò),雖不是最好,但至少值得看。 (4)rather或pretty在語(yǔ)氣上又稍重一點(diǎn),意為“十分”或“相當(dāng)”(pretty不如 rather 正式)。要是說(shuō)某一部電影rather/pretty good,指的是這部電影相當(dāng)不錯(cuò), 語(yǔ)氣比較重,意指要高出一般水平或出乎意料的好。兩者均可與褒義或貶義 形容詞連用。與褒義詞連用,表示一種愉快的心情,與貶義(包括不褒不貶)詞 連用,表示一種不贊成或不滿(mǎn)意的心情。如: a rather/pretty good play 一部相當(dāng)好的戲 rather/pretty poor work 相當(dāng)差的工作 (5)very語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng),意為“很”或“非常”。要是說(shuō)某一部電影very good,那是 說(shuō)這部電影很不錯(cuò),算得上是精品之作。 (6)這幾個(gè)詞中,只有rather可以與比較級(jí)以及副詞too(太)連用。如: It's rather warmer today.今天暖和多了。 This one is rather too large.這個(gè)太大了。 注:quite 有時(shí)也與比較級(jí)連用,但通常只用于 quite better(身體好)這一表達(dá) 中。 (7)rather和quite有時(shí)可直接修飾動(dòng)詞,而其他幾個(gè)副詞一般不這樣用。如: I quite agree with you.我完全同意你(的意見(jiàn))。 We rather like the book.我們很喜歡這本書(shū)。 (8)quite與“冠詞+形容詞+名詞”連用時(shí),置于冠詞之前。但遇到類(lèi)似情況, rather可置于冠詞之前,也可置于冠詞之后;very或fairly 則只能放在冠詞之后 (形容詞之前)。如: It's quite/rather a good idea./It's a rather good idea. 那可真是個(gè)好主意。 注:若此結(jié)構(gòu)中沒(méi)有形容詞,rather只能放在冠詞之前。如: It was rather a success.那件事相當(dāng)成功。 (9)修飾不可分級(jí)的形容詞(如:right,wrong,ready,full,empty,perfect,impossible, alone,unique 等)通常只用 quite,此時(shí)quite 并不表示“相當(dāng)”或“很”,而表示 “完全”。如: You're quite right/wrong.你完全正確/錯(cuò)了。 That's quite impossible.那完全不可能。 4.possible,probable,likely (1)意義上的區(qū)別: possible指客觀上的可能性,但往往含有希望很小的意味; probable比possible可能性大,表“很可能、大概”,指有實(shí)際依據(jù)或邏輯上的 合情合理; likely是從外表跡象進(jìn)行判斷,有可能發(fā)生某事。如: It is possible,though not probable,that he will come tomorrow. 他明天可能來(lái),但也不一定準(zhǔn)會(huì)來(lái)。 The probable cause of his failure was that he had been too tired. 他失敗大概是因?yàn)樗哿恕?He is very likely to ring me tonight. 今晚他很可能給我打電話。 (2)句型上的不同: ①I(mǎi)t is possible/probable/likely+that從句 ②It is possible(for sb.)to do sth. ③Sb./Sth.is likely to do sth. 5.具有兩種形式的副詞 英語(yǔ)中有的副詞兼有兩種形式:一種是與形容詞同形;另一種是在該形容詞后 面加副詞詞綴-ly構(gòu)成。這兩種形式的副詞在詞義和用法上有一定的差異,有 的甚至完全不同。 常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)副詞有:firm堅(jiān)信、堅(jiān)持,firmly堅(jiān)固地;direct徑直地,directly恰好、 直接、坦率地;free自由地、免費(fèi)地,freely自由自在地、隨便地;flat平直地,flat- ly斬釘截鐵地;short突然(=suddenly),shortly不久;even甚至,evenly平均地;clean 完全地、徹底地,cleanly清潔地、干凈利落地;clear隔開(kāi)地、不接觸地,clearly 清晰地、明顯地;close近地,closely緊密地、仔細(xì)地;dead極其地、完全地,dead- ly死一般地、非常;fair公平地、公正地,fairly相當(dāng)?shù)?hard努力地,hardly幾乎沒(méi) 有、幾乎不;most最,mostly大部分地、主要地;right直接地、徑直地、立即, rightly合理地、正確地;high高高地,highly很、非常;just正好,justly公正地;late 遲、晚,lately最近;near近,nearly幾乎;pretty相當(dāng)?shù)?prettily優(yōu)美地;sharp突然 地、急劇地,sharply嚴(yán)厲地。如: I clean forgot to ask her.我完全忘記去問(wèn)她了。 Jack caught the ball cleanly.杰克干凈利落地接住了球。 He lives close to the village.他住得離那個(gè)村莊很近。 We must look closely at the problems. 我們必須仔細(xì)地審視這些問(wèn)題。 After a day's hard work,he was dead tired. 辛勤工作一天后,他筋疲力盡。 The book is deadly dull.這本書(shū)非常枯燥。 The birds are flying high.鳥(niǎo)兒正在高飛。 He is a highly skilled worker.他是一個(gè)非常熟練的工人。 He has been working late.他一直工作到很晚。 I haven't seen him lately.我最近沒(méi)見(jiàn)他。 The film director is pretty known.這個(gè)電影導(dǎo)演非常出名。 We are prettily dressed.我們穿得很漂亮。 The road turns sharp to the right.這條路突然向右轉(zhuǎn)。 “Is there a problem?”he asked sharply. “有問(wèn)題嗎?”他厲聲喝問(wèn)。 五、易混句型的區(qū)別 1.so...that與such...that so...that和such...that都作“如此……以至于……”講,that引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從 句。常見(jiàn)句型如下: so+形容詞/副詞+that such+?+that such...that和so...that有時(shí)可以換用,條件是such所修飾的名詞必須是一個(gè)單數(shù) 可數(shù)名詞,且該名詞前還帶有表性質(zhì)的形容詞。轉(zhuǎn)變公式如下: such+a/an+形容詞+名詞=so+形容詞+a/an+名詞。如: He is such a good student that we all like him. He is so good a student that we all like him. 他是一個(gè)如此好的學(xué)生,以至于我們都喜歡他。 但是如果是不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,則只能用such而不能用so修飾。如: It was such bad weather that he had to stay at home. 天氣如此不好以至于他不得不待在家里。 如果復(fù)數(shù)名詞前有many,few,不可數(shù)名詞前有much,little等表示數(shù)量的形容詞 時(shí),應(yīng)該用so而不用such。如: I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over. 我摔了很多次,以至于全身青一塊紫一塊的。 Mr.White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul to- gether. 懷特先生一個(gè)月賺如此少的錢(qián)以至于幾乎不能維持生活。 當(dāng)little不表示數(shù)量少而表示“小”的意思時(shí),用such。如: They are such little children that they cannot clean the house by themselves. 他們是如此小的孩子,以至于他們不能自己打掃屋子。 2.其他常用句型: (1)? 與其說(shuō)A不如說(shuō)B He is more lazy than slow at his work. 與其說(shuō)他工作慢不如說(shuō)他懶。 (2)no more...than...與……一樣不……,不比……多…… The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官員們并不比皇帝看到的多。 no less...than...與……一樣…… He is no less diligent than you. 他與你一樣勤奮。 (3)more than不止是,非常 She is more than kind to us all. 她對(duì)我們都非常好。 (4)rather than而不是 He wants to go swimming with me rather than you. 他想和我而不是和你一起去游泳。 (5)other than除……外 You can't reach the village other than by boat. 除了坐船外,你不能到達(dá)這個(gè)村莊。 高頻考點(diǎn)一 形容詞和副詞基本意思的考查 在傳統(tǒng)的單項(xiàng)填空題型中,對(duì)形容詞和副詞基本意思的考查,主要是命題者設(shè) 計(jì)一個(gè)科學(xué)的切合實(shí)際生活的題干,要求考生對(duì)所給四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的形容詞或 副詞意思掌握準(zhǔn)確,做出正確的選擇。在新的語(yǔ)法填空題型中,要求考生根據(jù) 語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合句子結(jié)構(gòu)去判斷設(shè)空處到底需要形容詞形式還是副詞形式。修飾 名詞時(shí)就要用形容詞形式,注意兩個(gè)并列形容詞表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)的現(xiàn)象。如果 修飾句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要用副詞形式。 考點(diǎn)清單 典例1????(2024福建,23)It was ????(consider)of Michael to inform us of his de- lay in case we got worried. ?答案 considerate ?解析 句意:邁克爾考慮得非常周到,他告訴我們他將耽擱一些時(shí)間,以防我 們擔(dān)心。considerate考慮周到的。 典例2????(2024湖北,29)The girl used to be shy,but is ????(gradual)getting ac- tive in group work and is more willing to express herself. ?答案 gradually ?解析 句意:這個(gè)女孩過(guò)去很靦腆,但是她逐漸變得積極參加集體活動(dòng)了,也 更愿意表達(dá)自己了。設(shè)空處需用副詞作狀語(yǔ)。gradually慢慢地,逐漸地。 ? ? 高頻考點(diǎn)二 形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí) 1.平級(jí)比較 as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as...像……一樣…… as+adj.+a/an+名詞+as...像……一樣的…… as much+a/an+名詞+as...和……一樣是…… not as/so+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as...不如……那樣…… 2.比較級(jí) ? 3.最高級(jí) 最高級(jí)的常見(jiàn)修飾語(yǔ)有:序數(shù)詞,by far,nearly,almost等。 典例3????(2024四川,7)Andy is content with the toy.It is the????(good)he has ever got. ?答案 best ?解析 句意:Andy對(duì)這個(gè)玩具很滿(mǎn)意。這是他得到過(guò)的最好的。“It is+the+ 形容詞最高級(jí)+sb.has/have done”為固定句型。 ? 高頻考點(diǎn)三 倍數(shù)表示法 ? 典例4????(2024安徽,33)It's said that the power plant is now twice????large as what it was. ?答案 as ?解析 句意:據(jù)說(shuō)這個(gè)發(fā)電廠現(xiàn)在是過(guò)去的兩倍大。倍數(shù)表達(dá)法有三種:① 倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)+as;②倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)+than;③倍數(shù)+ the+性質(zhì)名詞+of。 ? 高頻考點(diǎn)四 常用連接性副詞
1.though作副詞時(shí),常在句末,意為“然而,可是”,表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義。 2.therefore“因此,所以”,表示結(jié)果。 3.meanwhile“與此同時(shí),在此期間”,表示前后句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 4.moreover“另外”,表示承接關(guān)系。 5.however“然而”,表示讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折,常用逗號(hào)與句子的其他成分隔開(kāi)。 6.besides“而且;還有”,表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。 7.instead“相反”,表示前后句意義相反。
8.anyway/anyhow意為“盡管,即使這樣”,表示轉(zhuǎn)折。 9.rather 意為“相反,而是”。 典例5????(2024安徽,33)It's our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and,????,supply more jobs. ?答案 therefore ?解析 句意:我們希望我們能在市場(chǎng)上發(fā)揮更大的作用,這樣就能提供更多 的工作崗位。根據(jù)句意可知前后是邏輯上的因果關(guān)系,故答案為therefore。 ? 知識(shí)清單一 形容詞和副詞的基本用法 一、復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成 1.副詞詞干+現(xiàn)在分詞,如:hard-working勤勞的 2.名詞詞干+過(guò)去分詞,如:man-made人造的 3.名詞詞干+現(xiàn)在分詞,如:time-consuming耗時(shí)的 4.名詞詞干+形容詞,如:world-famous世界聞名的 5.數(shù)詞詞干+名詞,如:five-star五星級(jí)的 6.數(shù)詞詞干+名詞-ed,如:three-legged三條腿的 7.數(shù)詞詞干+名詞+形容詞,如:five-year-old 5歲的 8.形容詞詞干+過(guò)去分詞,如:ready-made現(xiàn)成的 9.形容詞詞干+名詞-ed,如:kind-hearted好心的 知識(shí)清單 10.形容詞詞干+現(xiàn)在分詞,如:ordinary-looking相貌一般的 11.形容詞詞干+形容詞,如:red-hot熾熱的 二、以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞 1.常見(jiàn)的有:costly,cowardly,deadly,friendly,likely,lively,lonely,lovely,silly,un- likely。如: She smiled in a friendly way.她友好地微微一笑。 He gave a silly laugh.他傻笑了一陣。 2.daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early和leisurely既是形容詞,也是副詞。如: It's a daily paper.這是一份日?qǐng)?bào)。 It comes out daily.它天天出版。 It's an early train.這是一趟早班火車(chē)。 I got up early.我起得早。 三、形容詞的位置 一般情況下,形容詞作定語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞前。但在下列情況下,形容詞要放在 被修飾詞后面。 1.形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾由some-,any-,every-,no-和-body,-thing,-one等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合 不定代詞時(shí),需后置。如: There is nobody absent today.今天沒(méi)有人缺席。 Is there anything wrong with your car? 你的汽車(chē)出什么毛病了嗎? 2.以-able或-ble結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于由形容詞最高級(jí)或only等詞修飾的名詞后 面。如: That is the best book available. 那是可用的最好的一本書(shū)。 That is the only solution possible. 那是唯一可行的解決方法。 3.成對(duì)的形容詞需后置。如: There was a huge room,simple and beautiful. 有一個(gè)大房間,簡(jiǎn)樸而漂亮。 She has many pencils,blue and red. 她有許多鉛筆,有藍(lán)的和紅的。 4.當(dāng)“形容詞+介詞/不定式”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí),需后置。如: The teacher asked me a question too difficult to answer. 老師問(wèn)了我一個(gè)太難而無(wú)法回答的問(wèn)題。 A man so difficult to please must be hard to work with. 一個(gè)如此難以取悅的人一定不好共事。 5.當(dāng)old,long,high,wide,deep等詞附有數(shù)量詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí),需后置。如: At that time she was only a girl five years old. 那時(shí),她只是一個(gè)五歲的小女孩。 Yesterday,I saw a snake about a meter long. 昨天,我看到一條大約一米長(zhǎng)的蛇。 6.英語(yǔ)中有些形容詞既可以作前置定語(yǔ),也可以作后置定語(yǔ),但意義不同,常見(jiàn) 的有:present(現(xiàn)在的/在場(chǎng)的),responsible(可信賴(lài)的/應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)的),concerned(憂心 忡忡的/有關(guān)的),involved(復(fù)雜難懂的/相關(guān)的),absent(心不在焉的/缺席的)。 如: ? ? ? ? 四、多個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的排列順序 當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí),與被修飾的名詞關(guān)系較密切的 形容詞靠近名詞;如果幾個(gè)形容詞的密切程度差不多,則音節(jié)少的形容詞在前, 音節(jié)多的在后。如:a small wonderful gift。 常用的順序?yàn)?限定詞(these,those)+數(shù)詞(three)+描繪性形容詞(beautiful)+大 小、長(zhǎng)短、高低等形體性形容詞(large,long,high)+新舊(old)+顏色(red)+國(guó)籍 (Chinese)+材料(wooden)+用途(writing)+被修飾名詞(desk)。 為了方便記憶,不妨試試如下口訣: 限定描述大長(zhǎng)高,形狀年齡與新老; 顏色國(guó)籍出材料,用途類(lèi)別往后靠。 記住以上規(guī)則是必要的,但還應(yīng)多閱讀,多體會(huì),增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)感。如: all these last few days 最近的這些日子 a light blue silk skirt 一條淺藍(lán)色絲裙 the first/last two paragraphs 最前/最后兩段 another three English books 另外三本英語(yǔ)書(shū) some beautiful little red flowers 一些美麗的小紅花 an old brown woolen carpet 一件舊的棕色羊毛毯 an expensive purple cotton dress 一件昂貴的紫色棉衣 五、表語(yǔ)形容詞 表語(yǔ)形容詞(如:afraid,alone,awake,asleep,alive,alike,ashamed,afloat,well,sorry, unable,worth,sure)并非只能作表語(yǔ),它們還可以作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),有的還可作后置定語(yǔ) (一般不作前置定語(yǔ))。如: To my surprise,the driver is still alive after the traffic accident. 令我驚訝的是,交通事故發(fā)生后,司機(jī)還活著。 She was the only person awake that night. 她是那天晚上唯一一個(gè)醒著的人。 六、形容詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ) 形容詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)表示伴隨或結(jié)果,并不表達(dá)動(dòng)作的方式。如: He returned home,safe and sound. 他回到了家,安然無(wú)恙。 The goat rolled over,dead. 山羊翻了個(gè)身,死了。 He is standing there,full of fear. 他站在那里,充滿(mǎn)了恐懼。 七、有些副詞置于句首可修飾全句,作評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)。如: Fortunately,he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA. 幸運(yùn)的是,他沒(méi)被淹死,被中國(guó)人民解放軍救了。
Happily for her,her stepmother was kind to her. 使她高興的是,她的繼母對(duì)她很好。
Obviously,your answer is absolutely wrong. 很顯然,你的答案絕對(duì)錯(cuò)了。
Naturally,you want to discuss this problem with your parents. 很自然,你想和你的父母商量一下此事。 八、副詞enough的用法 1.enough作副詞用來(lái)修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí)要放在所修飾詞的后面。如: Students brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. 足夠勇敢參加這次探險(xiǎn)課的學(xué)生肯定會(huì)學(xué)到很多有用的技能。 Strangely enough,some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless. 很奇怪,一些著名的科學(xué)家具有細(xì)心和粗心雙重特點(diǎn)。 2.cannot與enough連用,表示“再……也不為過(guò)”。如: You cannot be careful enough.你再細(xì)心也不為過(guò)。 注意:enough的此種用法還可用“cannot/can never...too...”表達(dá)。如: —Mary,look,what did I find? —Oh,my lost key?I can't thank you too much.(=I can't thank you much enough.) ——瑪麗,你看,我找到什么了? ——噢,我丟失的鑰匙?太感謝你了。 —I was riding along the street and all of a sudden,a car cut in and knocked me down. —You can never be too careful in the street. ——我正沿著大街騎車(chē),突然一輛汽車(chē)橫插過(guò)來(lái),把我撞倒了。 ——在大街上,你再小心也不為過(guò)。 九、熟記下列有關(guān)形容詞、副詞的固定搭配 He's dead/blind drunk(=very drunk).他喝得酩酊大醉。 He's wide awake.他完全沒(méi)有睡意。 It's raining/snowing heavily.雨/雪下得很大。 He's sound/fast asleep.他睡得很沉。 He's moving/breathing/drinking/smoking heavily. 他吃力地移動(dòng)/喘著粗氣/酒喝得多/煙抽得多。 The traffic/His moustache is heavy. 交通擁擠/他的胡子濃密。 The population of China is larger than that of America. 中國(guó)的人口比美國(guó)的多。 The price of the book is high/low.(=The book is expensive/cheap.)這本書(shū)的價(jià)格 很高/低。(這本書(shū)很貴/便宜。) They are very much alike. 他們非常相像。 They are much afraid to go out alone at night. 他們很害怕晚上單獨(dú)出去。 The hall was nowhere near full.(=The hall was not anywhere near full.)那個(gè)大廳 遠(yuǎn)未滿(mǎn)座。 十、有些連詞也可以作副詞,但作副詞時(shí),常放在句末。如:though,(ever)since, in case等。如: She promised to phone.I heard nothing,though. =Though she promised to phone,I heard nothing. 她答應(yīng)要打電話來(lái),可我沒(méi)聽(tīng)到回信兒。 He is old.He works hard,though. =Though he is old,he works hard. 他雖然年事已高,但他工作還是很努力。 He came to this school in 1988.He has been working here ever since.=He has been working here since he came to this school in 1988. 1988年他來(lái)到了這個(gè)學(xué)校。自那時(shí)起,他一直在這里工作。 知識(shí)清單二 形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí) 一、平級(jí)比較 1.用as...as...,not...as/so...as...引導(dǎo)。如: Henry is a worker as good as Peter(is). =Henry is as good a worker as Peter(is). Henry和Peter一樣都是好工人。 Henry does not have so/as many books as I have. Henry的書(shū)不如我的多。 It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science. 人們普遍認(rèn)為,教學(xué)是一門(mén)科學(xué),同時(shí)也是一門(mén)藝術(shù)。 2.as+形容詞+as+數(shù)量詞=數(shù)量詞+形容詞。如:
The building is as tall as 100 meters. =The building is 100 meters tall. 這幢樓有100米高。 3.貌似平級(jí)比較結(jié)構(gòu)的一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ) 英語(yǔ)中有些看似是平級(jí)的比較結(jié)構(gòu),實(shí)際上它們是一些固定的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ),它們 是:as long as只要;as far as遠(yuǎn)至某地點(diǎn),就……而言;as soon as 一……就;as well as既……又;as good as(=very nearly)與……幾乎一樣,幾乎,簡(jiǎn)直是。如: I will work as long as I live. 只要活著,我就要工作。 As far as I know,he is a reliable person. 據(jù)我所知,他是一個(gè)可靠的人。 The average cost of one day in a hospital in that country can run as high as $ 400. 在那個(gè)國(guó)家里平均一天的住院費(fèi)用可高達(dá)400美元。 He has experience as well as knowledge. 他既有知識(shí)又有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。(注意此句翻譯的順序) He as good as called me a coward. 他無(wú)異于說(shuō)我是個(gè)懦夫。 She is as good as her word.她這個(gè)人很講信用。 He saw her off as far as the bridge near the village. 他把她送到了村邊的小橋那里。 二、比較級(jí) 1.比較級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有:rather,much,still,even,far,a lot,a little,a great deal,by far,a bit,three times等。如: The students study even harder than before. 學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)比以前更努力了。 2.“the+比較級(jí)...,the+比較級(jí)...”表示“越……,越……”。如: The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get. 你賣(mài)的票越多,掙的錢(qián)越多。 The more you talked,the less attention he paid to you. 你說(shuō)得越多,他越不注意聽(tīng)你講。 The longer you stay,the better(it will be). 你待的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)越好。 3.“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”表示“越來(lái)越……”。如: The new city is becoming more and more beautiful. 這座新城市變得越來(lái)越美麗了。 4.“the+比較級(jí)+of the two+名詞”表示“兩個(gè)……中較……的”。如: The taller of the two boys is my brother. 那兩個(gè)男孩中較高的那個(gè)是我的哥哥。 5.用介詞by表示相差的程度。如: She is taller than I by three inches. =She is three inches taller than I. 她比我高3英寸。 6.某人的兩種性質(zhì)的比較,用more...than...結(jié)構(gòu),意為“與其……不如……”。 如: —Ann acts quite unfriendly. —I think she's more shy than unfriendly.(more shy不可變?yōu)閟hyer) ——安表現(xiàn)得很不友好。 ——我認(rèn)為與其說(shuō)她不友好,不如說(shuō)她害羞。 7.比較的對(duì)象不能相互包含,常見(jiàn)的句型是: 比較級(jí)+than+?
如: The Mississippi River is longer than any other river in the United States. 密西西比河比美國(guó)其他任何一條河都長(zhǎng)。 China is larger than? 8.比較的對(duì)象應(yīng)該相同。如: The climate here is warmer than that of Shanghai. 這里的氣候比上海的暖和。 The radios made in our factory are better than those(made)in your factory. 我們廠生產(chǎn)的收音機(jī)比你們廠生產(chǎn)的好。 9.注意比較結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略現(xiàn)象 在日常交際中,彼此都明白的比較對(duì)象往往省略。如: —What do you think of the film? —I have never seen a better one.(后邊省略了than this film) Tom's composition,if not better(后邊省略了than Jack's),is at least as good as Jack's. 這種省略現(xiàn)象給考生正確判斷造成一定的障礙,在高考中出現(xiàn)頻率較高,應(yīng)引 起足夠的重視。 10.貌似比較級(jí)的一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ) In no country other than Britain can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day. 只有在英國(guó),人們才能在一天中體驗(yàn)四個(gè)季節(jié)。(no...other than只有,正是。它 常用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ))
More than one student was given away a ticket to the concert. 不止給一個(gè)學(xué)生發(fā)了音樂(lè)會(huì)的票。 His whole school education added up to no more than(=only)one year. 他所受過(guò)的全部學(xué)校教育加起來(lái)僅僅一年。 He prefers to stay at home rather than go to the cinema. 他寧愿待在家里,也不愿意去看電影。 Hibernation is more than sleep.冬眠不僅僅是睡覺(jué)。 He is far more pleased at the news. 聽(tīng)到那個(gè)消息,他極其高興。
The work is more or less(=almost)finished. 這項(xiàng)工作幾乎完成了。 A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.(=A whale is not a fish any more than a horse is.) 鯨不是魚(yú),正如馬不是魚(yú)一樣。
