2024屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)書(shū)面表達(dá)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)06 記敘概括話題指導(dǎo)
2024屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)書(shū)面表達(dá)復(fù)習(xí)專題06 記敘概括話題指導(dǎo)
實(shí)例指導(dǎo)1—記一次難忘的經(jīng)歷
寫作技巧：在進(jìn)行記敘丈體寫作時(shí)，通常應(yīng)把握好下幾個(gè)要素：
1．人稱：命題主要要求考生以第一人稱或第三人進(jìn)行寫作的居多；第一人稱主要寫自己的經(jīng)歷，第三稱則主要寫他人的經(jīng)歷或事跡。
2．時(shí)態(tài)：由于記敘文敘述的事情通常發(fā)生在過(guò)去，因而，其時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)以一般過(guò)去時(shí)為主(必要時(shí)可以使用其時(shí)態(tài))。
3．寫作順序：一般按照事情發(fā)生的先后順序進(jìn)行寫或敘述。
篇章結(jié)構(gòu)：記敘文一般要從以下幾個(gè)層面展開(kāi)寫：
1．簡(jiǎn)單敘述寫作目的——介紹一次難忘的經(jīng)歷，同時(shí)可將其作為短文的主題句或主題段；
2．詳細(xì)敘述事情的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和結(jié)局，這是文章的主體，要注意突出重點(diǎn)；
3．文章末尾可簡(jiǎn)要談?wù)勛约旱母惺芑蛟S論得與失等。
精要點(diǎn)撥：可將本篇作丈的寫作要點(diǎn)歸納如下：
1．老師宣布做游戲；
2．老師在黑板上畫(huà)了一張沒(méi)有眼睛的臉并要求學(xué)生補(bǔ)畫(huà)眼睛；
3．李平自愿上去；
4．李平被蒙上眼睛；
5．他把眼睛畫(huà)在了額頭上；
6．習(xí)作者的感悟。
【參考范文】
An Unforgettable Class
Wehad a most interesting class this morning. We became excited when Mr Wang said,
"Let's play a game together." We were eager to know what kind of game it would be.
Mr
Wang
said
nothing
but
turned
to
the blackboard. At once a face without eyes appeared on the blackboard. "Please add the eyes to the face," Mr Wang said. Oh, what an interesting job!
Li Ping volunteered to finish the task and at the same time his eyes were covered by a piece of cloth. Li Ping went to the board. We burst into laughter when he turned around. The eyes were on the forehead! How funny it looked!
What a good lesson Mr Wang gave impressed us deeply.
一兩件事情寫就行，不宜太多；第三部分可以寫一下你的收獲或者感受。
在寫作過(guò)程中，要注意描述時(shí)的／幀序。可以適當(dāng)運(yùn)用一些連接詞，例如：first，firstly，to begin with, to start with, further , secondly, still, furthemore, third , thirdly , what’s more , last but not least, also, and then, next, moreover , besides, finally等。
【學(xué)生習(xí)作】
To persuade
people
to
give
up
smoking，I volunteered in an activity ①organizing by our school last week whose theme was the dangers of smoking .
In the morning we met at the School gate，and then we went to the nearest park，②which many people were doing morning exercise．We had a discussion there，which attracted more attention．Next，we gave out brochures where there was knowledge of the dangers of smoking to people around．At the same time , more and more people came to ask some questions．③It's smoking that ruin their bright future. They have really learned a lot from this activity.
With the help of us ，more and more people have ④made up their mind to give up smoking．We have really learned a lot from this activity . We realized that only
if we try to avoid bad habits can we enjoy the true happiness of life.
【教師點(diǎn)評(píng)】
文章作者運(yùn)用記敘性的語(yǔ)言描述了作為一個(gè)志愿者的親身體經(jīng)歷及感受，準(zhǔn)確把握了記敘文的六要素，運(yùn)用了第一人稱和一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)描述事件整個(gè)，與題目的要求相吻合。同時(shí)運(yùn)用了一些連接firstly，next，and then等，將事件很有條理的描述出來(lái)。從語(yǔ)言上看，作者具有深厚的語(yǔ)言功底。文中使用了高級(jí)詞匯以及搭配，如：get a good command of ;
not only．．．but also … , do harm to，become addicted to , make up their minds，form the good habits 等等，
而且正確且恰到好處的運(yùn)用了定語(yǔ)從句，運(yùn)用了what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，so that 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，使文章增色不少，同時(shí)提高了檔次。從整體上看，段落分明，層次清晰，是一篇不錯(cuò)的記敘文。
從整體上看基本完成了寫作任務(wù)，運(yùn)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)以第一人稱描述了發(fā)生在上周的事情，符合題目要求。同時(shí)，作者在寫作過(guò)程中思路比較清晰，運(yùn)用了一些銜
Firstly， we had a Class meeting Which made us realize the dangers of smoking．Next we told people that smoking did great harm not only to our health but also to our mind，especially for us teenagers．And then many people came to ask us some questions．What impressed me most was a Senoir 3 student who became addicted to smoking because of the pressure of the following college Entrance Examination．With our efforts he decide to stops smoking．
NOW more and more people have made up their minds to
give up smoking．We should study hard and make progress every day．We Should form good habits so that we can spend most of our time learning thing useful and valuable．
實(shí)例指導(dǎo)3—Our Spring Outing
【寫作任務(wù)】
假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三、‘班的學(xué)生李華；為校刊英語(yǔ)園地寫一篇題為“Our Spring Outing”的英文稿。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，敘述上周你們班準(zhǔn)備春游到春游結(jié)束的完整過(guò)程。
注意：詞數(shù)不少于60. 提示詞： 游樂(lè)園 amusement park 垃圾箱 bin
【寫作指導(dǎo)】
記敘文是以記敘人物的經(jīng)歷或事物的發(fā)展變化過(guò)為主的一種文體。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，它大致分為兩類：一是記人為主，圍繞這個(gè)人物敘事；二是以寫事為主，即事件為中心組織材料。現(xiàn)筆者從中學(xué)生寫英語(yǔ)作文實(shí)際出發(fā)，介紹一些基本的英語(yǔ)記敘文的寫作方法技巧。
本題相對(duì)較容易，因?yàn)轭}目中提供了比較具體的情景，而且是學(xué)生常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)言情景。但要注意表達(dá)要點(diǎn)要全面，也要注意不能只描述事實(shí)而忽視議論。由于是記述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，人稱應(yīng)用第一人
[記敘文寫作方法和要領(lǐng)]
1．明確寫作目的。如果記敘時(shí)涉及幾個(gè)人或幾件事，這就要對(duì)記敘的事情做出分析，分清主線和副線，圍繞主線安排酣線。記事時(shí)，要注意主題突出；寫人時(shí)，抓住其典型事例。
2．文章盡量包括五個(gè)要素。五個(gè)要素為：What(什么事)，Who(什么人)，When(什么時(shí)候)，Where(什么地點(diǎn))，Why(什么原因)，How(怎么樣)。
3．要安排好寫作順序。記敘文最常按照事情發(fā)生時(shí)間順序進(jìn)行敘述，有時(shí)還可采用倒敘、插敘等方方法。
4．確定人稱和時(shí)態(tài)。記敘文多用第一人稱(從“參與者”的角度)或第三人稱(以“觀察者”的身份)敘述行文，要根據(jù)具體情況選用時(shí)態(tài)。
5．多在塑造人物、展開(kāi)情節(jié)上下功夫，使文章引人勝。
[寫作注意事項(xiàng)]
1．在記敘文中，不要過(guò)多地使用“I”，“We…”這樣句型，以免給人乏味的感覺(jué)。在以第三人稱進(jìn)行敘述時(shí)，要避免過(guò)多的評(píng)論而失去客觀性。
2．盡管采用倒敘、插敘等方法可產(chǎn)生某種特定的效果，但就目前中學(xué)生的實(shí)際英語(yǔ)水平而言，最值得提倡的還是順敘的記敘順序，因?yàn)檫@種順序無(wú)論從時(shí)態(tài)，是過(guò)渡詞等方面都較容易掌握。
3．要緊緊圍繞主題，并盡量避免加入過(guò)多主觀判斷。
4．由于有寫作時(shí)間和字?jǐn)?shù)的限制，敘述時(shí)要詳略得當(dāng)。
范文用第——人稱描寫了“我”和同學(xué)們春游的經(jīng)過(guò)，且涵蓋了四幅圖的內(nèi)容，并注意運(yùn)用了一些較高級(jí)詞匯，如：came up with，respectively等。同時(shí)也運(yùn)用了一些較復(fù)雜句式，如：However，when reached the top，we…等，使文章增色不少。更為可貴的是，文章連貫性較強(qiáng)，運(yùn)用了諸如finally，the next day，however等關(guān)聯(lián)詞或詞組。
實(shí)例指導(dǎo)4—《雙城記》
【寫作任務(wù)】
《雙城記》是狄更斯有名的一篇小說(shuō)。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下列內(nèi)容，寫一篇故事梗概，簡(jiǎn)單介紹這篇小說(shuō)。
1．背景：法國(guó)大革命時(shí)期的巴黎和倫敦。
2．主要角色：馬奈特醫(yī)生(Dr. Manette)、
厄弗里蒙侯爵兄弟(the Marquis Evremonde)等。
3．情節(jié)：法國(guó)革命前，一個(gè)名叫馬奈特的外科醫(yī)生因?yàn)橄蛘野l(fā)貴族厄弗里蒙兄弟將農(nóng)村的一對(duì)兄妹無(wú)端迫害致死的罪行，被持有貴族特權(quán)的厄弗里蒙兄弟所陷害，馬奈特醫(yī)生平
白無(wú)辜地被投入巴士底監(jiān)獄，在獄中被關(guān)了整整18年。后來(lái)，厄弗里蒙侯爵失去恩寵，馬奈特醫(yī)生才獲釋出獄。1739年法國(guó)大革命的風(fēng)暴終于襲來(lái)了。巴黎人民攻占了巴士底獄，把貴族一個(gè)個(gè)送上斷頭臺(tái)。
注意：文章總詞數(shù)：120左右；
2)參考詞匯：陷害frame；恩寵disfavor； 巴士底監(jiān)獄出the Bastille prison。
【思路指導(dǎo)】
故事概括類文章屬于說(shuō)明文。讀者閱讀一本書(shū)或一篇文章后，用最簡(jiǎn)練的語(yǔ)言將其大意介紹出來(lái)，目的在于向別人介紹這本書(shū)或這篇文章寫的是什么內(nèi)容，當(dāng)然允許對(duì)其思想價(jià)值進(jìn)行極概括的交待，讓人明白這本書(shū)或這篇文章好在哪里。它一般不需要對(duì)文章內(nèi)容、藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)、人物形象等加以評(píng)述。在介紹時(shí)，不能斬頭去尾，不能遺漏重要情節(jié)。時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件的經(jīng)過(guò)都要交代清楚。語(yǔ)言要簡(jiǎn)潔，盡量長(zhǎng)話短說(shuō)。表達(dá)時(shí)，力求用詞準(zhǔn)確，敘述簡(jiǎn)明扼要，以給讀者留下清晰的印象。說(shuō)明故事情節(jié)時(shí)，要注意故事的連貫性，力求不要遺漏要點(diǎn)。寫作時(shí)還要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
1．寫故事梗概的方法
1）認(rèn)真閱讀文章，讀懂文章，弄清楚各部分的內(nèi)容及相互間的聯(lián)系。
2）弄清楚文章哪些內(nèi)容是主要內(nèi)容，哪些是次要內(nèi)容。
3）寫的時(shí)候注意：與主要內(nèi)容關(guān)系不大的可用三言兩語(yǔ)適當(dāng)交待一下，主要內(nèi)容則要用平實(shí)、簡(jiǎn)練的語(yǔ)言概括出來(lái)。文中不要出現(xiàn)人物對(duì)話，應(yīng)用敘述的語(yǔ)言描述一番，要注意故事的連貫性。
2．故事概括類文章一般要包括以下內(nèi)容：
1）故事發(fā)生的背景：即故事發(fā)生的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)。
2）故事中的主要人物。
3）故事情節(jié)。
4）故事的結(jié)局。
3．這類文章一般具有以下語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)：
1）時(shí)態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主。
2）人稱相對(duì)統(tǒng)一，主要采用第三人稱。
【范文欣賞】
A tale of two cities , written by Dickens，is set in Paris and London at the time of the French Revolution．The main characters in the story are Dr. Manette who is a doctor and the Marquis Evremonde.
Before the French Revolution, Dr. Manette is framed and put in the Bastille Prison by
the Marquis Evremonde and his brother because of his exposing their crime of causing a boy and his younger sister's death without reason. And he is in prison for up to eighteen years. Afterwards, the
Marquis Evremonde is disfavored and Dr Manette is set free. When the French Revolution happened ha 1739, people took over the Bastille Prison. In the end, all the noblemen are executed one by one.
實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練
because of , take one’s place , ask sb. to do sth. ; the most important thing is for her to
習(xí)作題目
下列圖畫(huà)描述了查爾斯太太為丈夫買上衣后的經(jīng)歷，請(qǐng)根據(jù)圖畫(huà)內(nèi)容，用英語(yǔ)寫一篇 90-120 詞左右的短文，以便刊登在 GUIDE TO ENGLISH TESTS 上。
注意：
1. 題目自擬：
2. 短文應(yīng)包括圖中要點(diǎn)。
Mr. Charles and His New Shirt
One day Mrs. Charles went to a department store and bought a beautifl shirt for her husband. When she got back home with the shirt her husband was smoking in the sofa with a newspaper in his hand. Mrs. Charles asked her husband to try on the news shirt， but it was too large. Suddenly she came upon a good idea. She put the shirt into a basin of hot water， dried it and asked her husband to put it on， but it was too small， which made Charles quite unhappy. When their son saw this， he made fun of his father. Then Mrs Charles made her son try on the new shirt， but it was too large for the little boy. Mr Charles couldn't help laughing at this.
下列圖畫(huà)描述的是你的一段親身經(jīng)歷，請(qǐng)根據(jù)此圖為一家中學(xué)生英文報(bào)的故事專欄寫一篇短文。
生詞：違章者 offender n. 十字路口 crossroad（s） n.
The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle. My brother was riding with me sitting on the seat behind. As we came to the crossroads a young man and a girl came up and stopped us. “ We’ve found you at long last， ” they said， but we didn’ow them. Pointing to a policeman not far away， the young man explained， “ He stopped us about an hour ago and made us catch the next offender. So come on， stand here. Hope you don ' t have to wait as long as we did. Good luck. ”
一個(gè)星期天的上午，小麗和爸爸一起去公園，碰見(jiàn)了下圖所發(fā)生的事情。請(qǐng)根據(jù)提示和圖畫(huà)內(nèi)容，用英語(yǔ)寫一則小故事，以便刊登在某一對(duì)外發(fā)行的英語(yǔ)刊物上。
[注意] 1. 短文必須包括圖畫(huà)所表現(xiàn)的主要內(nèi)容，可以適當(dāng)增減細(xì)節(jié)，使其連貫、完整；
2. 詞數(shù)：100－120.
[精品范文] One Sunday morning Xiao Li and her father went to the People’s Park Don’t Lose Your Courage
Never shall I forget the first English lesson given by Miss Liu. On that day， when she entered the classroom， we found that she was a young and beautiful lady with a big smile on her face. Then she introduced herself saying that we should call her Miss Liu instead of Teacher Liu， a moment later， she let all of us go to the blackboard and say something about ourselves in English in turn. When it was my turn， I felt so shy and fearful that I didn’t dare to say a word before the class. She came up to me and said kindly， “Don’t be afraid. I believe you can do it. Come and have a try.” My face turned red when I heard that. At last， I went to the blackboard and was able to do it quite well. She praised for what I had done. Up to now， I can still remember her words in the first English lesson： “Practice makes perfect. Don’t lose your courage when you meet with difficulties. Try on and on until you succeed.”
?假設(shè)你在寒假期間義務(wù)給社區(qū)里的初中生補(bǔ)習(xí)英語(yǔ),今天你要用英文給他們講安徒生的童話故事:The Emperor’s New Suit。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面的簡(jiǎn)介簡(jiǎn)單敘述一下該故事。詞數(shù)150左右。
簡(jiǎn)介:???有一個(gè)皇帝非常喜愛(ài)漂亮的衣服。有兩個(gè)陌生人來(lái)到國(guó)都,謊稱自己能做出世上最漂亮的衣裳,而且他們的衣裳"只有聰明的、有能力勝任自己工作的人才看得見(jiàn)"。皇帝穿著"新衣"在城里炫耀,所有的臣民都說(shuō)這衣服好看,只有一個(gè)小孩指著皇帝,大聲喊:"皇帝什么都沒(méi)有穿！"
Long long time ago, there was an Emperor who was only interested in buying and wearing new clothes. One day two strangers came to the capital. They said they could
