2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練：專題十一 《情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣》（人教版）

　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　1．—I didn't apologize to him for being unable to inform him of the change in the plan.

　　—But you________.

　　A．ought to have　B．have to

　　C．should

　　D．must have

　　答案 A句意：——我并沒有因?yàn)闆]能告訴他計(jì)劃中的變化而向他道歉。——但是你應(yīng)該道歉。根據(jù)but可知此處用ought to have＝ought to have done表示(過(guò)去)本該做卻未做；B.have to不得不；C.should應(yīng)該，表現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)之意；D.must have(done )(過(guò)去)一定做了某事。2．Do you know Herbie？I'm always running into him；he________live nearby.

　　A．would

　　B．need

　　C．must

　　D．should

　　答案 C考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：你認(rèn)識(shí)Herbie嗎？我總是遇見他，他肯定住在附近，表示比較肯定的推測(cè)用must。3．________a little earlier this morning！I missed the bus by only a minute and waited half an hour for another.

　　A．If I had got up

　　B．If I got up

　　C．If only I had got up

　　D．If only I got up

　　答案 C句意：今天早晨我如果早點(diǎn)起床的話就好了！那輛公共汽車我只耽誤了一分鐘，等另一輛車等了半小時(shí)。根據(jù)第二句可知第一句是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，所以空格處的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用had done；if only...相當(dāng)于how I wish...，意為：要是……的話就好了，但愿……。4．—Mum，would you please buy me an MP5 player?

　　—If you can help do some housework the whole vacation，you________have one as a reward.

　　A．must

　　B．need

　　C．would

　　D．shall

　　答案 D句意：——媽媽，你能給我買一個(gè)MP5嗎？——如果整個(gè)假期你能幫著做家務(wù)的話，你可以得到一個(gè)(MP5)作為獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。shall此處表允諾。must必須，need需要，would愿意，均不符合語(yǔ)境。5．—What happened to the young trees we planted last week?

　　—The trees________well，but I didn't water them.

　　A．might grow

　　B．needn't have grown

　　C．would have grown

　　D．would grow

　　答案 C句意：——我們上周種的小樹怎么了？——(如果我澆水的話)那些樹會(huì)長(zhǎng)得很好，但是我沒澆水。根據(jù)but后的分句可知空格處為與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，補(bǔ)全原句為：If I had watered them，the trees would have grown well，but I didn't water them.。6．When he was there，he________go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.

　　A．must

　　B．should

　　C．would

　　D．might

　　答案 C考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)他還在那兒時(shí)，每天下班后都會(huì)去街角的咖啡店。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處應(yīng)用would表示過(guò)去常常。7．If he________that he________to work there then，everything would be OK now.

　　A．insisted；be sent

　　B．insisted；was sent

　　C．had insisted；be sent

　　D．had insisted；was sent

　　答案 C考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。當(dāng)insist表示“堅(jiān)持要求”時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should)do，由此可以排除B、D兩項(xiàng)；另外，從句表示對(duì)過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的虛擬，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用had done的形式，因此C項(xiàng)正確。8．________it rain tomorrow，we would have to cancel the football match.

　　A．Were

　　B．Would

　　C．Will

　　D．Should

　　答案 D考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣和倒裝語(yǔ)序。句意：如果明天下雨，我們將不得不取消足球比賽。前半句是對(duì)將來(lái)情況的虛擬，正常語(yǔ)序是“If it should rain tomorrow”。省略if后，要將should提到主語(yǔ)之前，引起倒裝。9．I actually believe that we________in Xi'an now if you hadn't been caught drunk driving last month.

　　A．would be

　　B．would have been

　　C．were

　　D．had been

　　答案 A考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：事實(shí)上，我認(rèn)為如果上個(gè)月你沒因酒駕被逮住的話，我們現(xiàn)在就在西安呢。if從句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為過(guò)去時(shí)間(last month)，而主句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為now，所以主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬，應(yīng)為would be。本題為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句”。10．The weather turned out to be fine.I________the trouble to carry the umbrella with me.

　　A．should have taken

　　B．needn't have taken

　　C．mustn't have taken

　　D．could have taken

　　答案 B句意：結(jié)果天氣不錯(cuò)，我本不必費(fèi)那么大勁帶著雨傘的。根據(jù)turned可知是敘述過(guò)去的情況，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知用needn't have done本不必做卻做了；A表示本該做卻沒做；D表示本來(lái)能夠……，C項(xiàng)形式不正確。11．—We would appreciate it if you could stay for lunch.

　　—Sorry，I________.I have another appointment.

　　A．won't

　　B．shan't

　　C．can't

　　D．mustn't

　　答案 C考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法。根據(jù)下文“I have another appointment”可知，我不可能留下來(lái)吃午飯。can't意為“不可能”，符合題意。12．—Has your brother found a job?

　　—Not yet.There are many jobs that he________do but he seems unwilling to do anything.

　　A．shall

　　B．could

　　C．must

　　D．should

　　答案 B考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意：——你的哥哥找到工作了嗎？——還沒有。有很多他能做的工作，但是他似乎不愿意做任何事情。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could可以表示“現(xiàn)在的能力”，語(yǔ)氣較can委婉。13．If the first few sentences of your application letter fail to win the reader's attention，the rest of the letter________not be read at all.

　　A．must

　　B．shall

　　C．may

　　D．should

　　答案 C考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，如果申請(qǐng)信的前幾句不能吸引讀者，那么其余部分可能也就不會(huì)被閱讀了。may表示“可能”，符合語(yǔ)境。14．—I________thank you enough for what you have done for me.

　　—You're welcome.

　　A．may not

　　B．will not

　　C．must not

　　D．cannot

　　答案 D句意：——你為我所做的一切我感激不盡。——?jiǎng)e客氣。cannot...enough/cannot...to...“再……也不為過(guò)”，固定搭配。15．—What is a good boss like?

　　—It's hard to say，but I think he________be responsible，determined and creative.

　　A．can

　　B．may

　　C．should

　　D．would

　　答案 C考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：——一名好老板會(huì)是什么樣子？——很難說(shuō)。但我認(rèn)為他應(yīng)該是有責(zé)任心，有決心且具有創(chuàng)造性的。should應(yīng)該；can能夠；may可能，可以；would愿意。

　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　1．—I didn't apologize to him for being unable to inform him of the change in the plan.

　　—But you________.

　　A．ought to have　B．have to

　　C．should

　　D．must have

　　答案 A句意：——我并沒有因?yàn)闆]能告訴他計(jì)劃中的變化而向他道歉。——但是你應(yīng)該道歉。根據(jù)but可知此處用ought to have＝ought to have done表示(過(guò)去)本該做卻未做；B.have to不得不；C.should應(yīng)該，表現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)之意；D.must have(done )(過(guò)去)一定做了某事。2．Do you know Herbie？I'm always running into him；he________live nearby.

　　A．would

　　B．need

　　C．must

　　D．should

　　答案 C考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：你認(rèn)識(shí)Herbie嗎？我總是遇見他，他肯定住在附近，表示比較肯定的推測(cè)用must。3．________a little earlier this morning！I missed the bus by only a minute and waited half an hour for another.

　　A．If I had got up

　　B．If I got up

　　C．If only I had got up

　　D．If only I got up

　　答案 C句意：今天早晨我如果早點(diǎn)起床的話就好了！那輛公共汽車我只耽誤了一分鐘，等另一輛車等了半小時(shí)。根據(jù)第二句可知第一句是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，所以空格處的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用had done；if only...相當(dāng)于how I wish...，意為：要是……的話就好了，但愿……。4．—Mum，would you please buy me an MP5 player?

　　—If you can help do some housework the whole vacation，you________have one as a reward.

　　A．must

　　B．need

　　C．would

　　D．shall

　　答案 D句意：——媽媽，你能給我買一個(gè)MP5嗎？——如果整個(gè)假期你能幫著做家務(wù)的話，你可以得到一個(gè)(MP5)作為獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。shall此處表允諾。must必須，need需要，would愿意，均不符合語(yǔ)境。5．—What happened to the young trees we planted last week?

　　—The trees________well，but I didn't water them.

　　A．might grow

　　B．needn't have grown

　　C．would have grown

　　D．would grow

　　答案 C句意：——我們上周種的小樹怎么了？——(如果我澆水的話)那些樹會(huì)長(zhǎng)得很好，但是我沒澆水。根據(jù)but后的分句可知空格處為與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，補(bǔ)全原句為：If I had watered them，the trees would have grown well，but I didn't water them.。6．When he was there，he________go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.

　　A．must

　　B．should

　　C．would

　　D．might

　　答案 C考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)他還在那兒時(shí)，每天下班后都會(huì)去街角的咖啡店。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處應(yīng)用would表示過(guò)去常常。7．If he________that he________to work there then，everything would be OK now.

　　A．insisted；be sent

　　B．insisted；was sent

　　C．had insisted；be sent

　　D．had insisted；was sent

　　答案 C考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。當(dāng)insist表示“堅(jiān)持要求”時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should)do，由此可以排除B、D兩項(xiàng)；另外，從句表示對(duì)過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的虛擬，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用had done的形式，因此C項(xiàng)正確。8．________it rain tomorrow，we would have to cancel the football match.

　　A．Were

　　B．Would

　　C．Will

　　D．Should

　　答案 D考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣和倒裝語(yǔ)序。句意：如果明天下雨，我們將不得不取消足球比賽。前半句是對(duì)將來(lái)情況的虛擬，正常語(yǔ)序是“If it should rain tomorrow”。省略if后，要將should提到主語(yǔ)之前，引起倒裝。9．I actually believe that we________in Xi'an now if you hadn't been caught drunk driving last month.

　　A．would be

　　B．would have been

　　C．were

　　D．had been

　　答案 A考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：事實(shí)上，我認(rèn)為如果上個(gè)月你沒因酒駕被逮住的話，我們現(xiàn)在就在西安呢。if從句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為過(guò)去時(shí)間(last month)，而主句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為now，所以主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬，應(yīng)為would be。本題為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句”。10．The weather turned out to be fine.I________the trouble to carry the umbrella with me.

　　A．should have taken

　　B．needn't have taken

　　C．mustn't have taken

　　D．could have taken

　　答案 B句意：結(jié)果天氣不錯(cuò)，我本不必費(fèi)那么大勁帶著雨傘的。根據(jù)turned可知是敘述過(guò)去的情況，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知用needn't have done本不必做卻做了；A表示本該做卻沒做；D表示本來(lái)能夠……，C項(xiàng)形式不正確。11．—We would appreciate it if you could stay for lunch.

　　—Sorry，I________.I have another appointment.

　　A．won't

　　B．shan't

　　C．can't

　　D．mustn't

　　答案 C考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法。根據(jù)下文“I have another appointment”可知，我不可能留下來(lái)吃午飯。can't意為“不可能”，符合題意。12．—Has your brother found a job?

　　—Not yet.There are many jobs that he________do but he seems unwilling to do anything.

　　A．shall

　　B．could

　　C．must

　　D．should

　　答案 B考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意：——你的哥哥找到工作了嗎？——還沒有。有很多他能做的工作，但是他似乎不愿意做任何事情。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could可以表示“現(xiàn)在的能力”，語(yǔ)氣較can委婉。13．If the first few sentences of your application letter fail to win the reader's attention，the rest of the letter________not be read at all.

　　A．must

　　B．shall

　　C．may

　　D．should

　　答案 C考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，如果申請(qǐng)信的前幾句不能吸引讀者，那么其余部分可能也就不會(huì)被閱讀了。may表示“可能”，符合語(yǔ)境。14．—I________thank you enough for what you have done for me.

　　—You're welcome.

　　A．may not

　　B．will not

　　C．must not

　　D．cannot

　　答案 D句意：——你為我所做的一切我感激不盡。——?jiǎng)e客氣。cannot...enough/cannot...to...“再……也不為過(guò)”，固定搭配。15．—What is a good boss like?

　　—It's hard to say，but I think he________be responsible，determined and creative.

　　A．can

　　B．may

　　C．should

　　D．would

　　答案 C考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：——一名好老板會(huì)是什么樣子？——很難說(shuō)。但我認(rèn)為他應(yīng)該是有責(zé)任心，有決心且具有創(chuàng)造性的。should應(yīng)該；can能夠；may可能，可以；would愿意。