世界上最致命的動(dòng)物 第一名居然不是人類[1]
![世界上最致命的動(dòng)物 第一名居然不是人類[1]](http://zixueku.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/peitu/xiezuo/xinzuo-02.jpg)
你大概以為，讓最多人喪生的動(dòng)物一定是個(gè)猛獸，但事實(shí)上，世界上最致命的動(dòng)物不是鯊魚，也不是虎豹。最可怕的動(dòng)物，其實(shí)就在我們身邊。
15. Sharks: 6 deaths a year
鯊魚：每年殺死6個(gè)人
截圖來(lái)自Science Alert網(wǎng)站
Shark attacks are pretty rare. In 2024, there were just three deaths globally related to shark attacks, and in 2024, there were six, which is about the average.
鯊魚襲擊人類是很罕見(jiàn)的。2024年，全球只有三例因鯊魚襲擊而死亡的案例，2024年有6例，和平均水平大致相當(dāng)。
14. Wolves: 10 deaths a year
狼：每年殺死10個(gè)人
截圖來(lái)自Science Alert網(wǎng)站
Wolf attacks are not common in many parts of the world where wolves live.
在世界上許多狼群居住的地方，被狼襲擊并不多見(jiàn)。
A review of wolf attacks found that very few happened in the 50 years leading up to 2002 in Europe and North America, though there were a few hundred reported over the course of two decades in some regions of India, averaging out to close to 10 per year.
一份針對(duì)狼群襲擊的報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，在2002年前的50年間，歐洲和北美洲很少發(fā)生狼襲擊人的事件，不過(guò)近20年來(lái)，在印度一些地區(qū)發(fā)生過(guò)幾百起人被狼襲擊的事件，平均下來(lái)大概每年10起。
13. Lions: 22+ deaths a year
獅子：每年殺死至少22個(gè)人
截圖來(lái)自Science Alert網(wǎng)站
Estimates for lion-related deaths also vary year-to-year. A 2005 study found that since 1990, lions have killed 563 people in Tanzania alone, an average of about 22 a year.
命喪獅口的人數(shù)每年都不一樣。2005年的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，自1990年以來(lái)，光是在坦桑尼亞，就有563個(gè)人被獅子殺死，平均每年22人。
Additional deaths likely occur outside of Tanzania, but it's difficult to find a concrete global number.
在坦桑尼亞以外的其他地區(qū)，應(yīng)該也有被獅子殺死的人，但難以得出一個(gè)具體的全球數(shù)據(jù)。
12. Elephants: 500 deaths a year
大象：每年殺死500個(gè)人
截圖來(lái)自Science Alert網(wǎng)站
Elephants are also responsible for a number of deaths per year - a 2005 National Geographic article said that 500 people a year are killed in elephant attacks.
大象每年也會(huì)導(dǎo)致不少人喪生。2005年刊登在《國(guó)家地理》的一篇文章寫道，每年有500人死于大象襲擊。
Far more elephants have been killed by people.
但是被人殺死的大象比這要多得多。
11. Hippopotamuses: 500 deaths a year
河馬：每年殺死500個(gè)人
截圖來(lái)自Science Alert網(wǎng)站
For a long time, hippos were considered the most deadly animal in Africa. Hippos are known for being aggressive toward humans, including tipping over boats.
長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以來(lái)，河馬一直被認(rèn)為是非洲最致命的動(dòng)物。眾所周知，河馬對(duì)人有攻擊性，還會(huì)把人類乘坐的船打翻。
10. Tapeworms: 700 deaths a year
絳蟲：每年殺死700個(gè)人
截圖來(lái)自Science Alert網(wǎng)站
Moving to parasites, the tapeworm is responsible for an infection called cysticerosis that kills an estimated 700 people a year.
作為寄生蟲，絳蟲會(huì)讓人們感染上腦囊蟲病，據(jù)估算每年導(dǎo)致約700人喪生。
9. Crocodiles: 1,000 deaths a year
鱷魚：每年殺死1000個(gè)人
截圖來(lái)自Science Alert網(wǎng)站
Crocodiles are now considered the large animal responsible for the most human deaths in Africa, according to the Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations, though concrete numbers are tricky to gather.
據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)糧食及農(nóng)業(yè)組織，鱷魚現(xiàn)在是在非洲導(dǎo)致最多人死亡的大型動(dòng)物，不過(guò)具體數(shù)據(jù)難以收集到。
8. Ascaris roundworms: 4,500 deaths a year
蛔蟲：每年殺死4500個(gè)人
截圖來(lái)自Science Alert網(wǎng)站
The Ascaris roundworm leads to an infection called aschariasis that kills an estimated 4,500 people a year, according to a 2024 study.
根據(jù)2024年的一項(xiàng)研究，蛔蟲會(huì)讓人感染蛔蟲病，每年導(dǎo)致約4500人喪生。
The WHO notes that the infection takes place in people's small intestine, and it's a disease that affects more children than adults.
世界衛(wèi)生組織指出，感染發(fā)生在人的小腸部位，這種病多發(fā)于兒童。
7. Tsetse flies: 10,000 deaths a year
采采蠅：每年殺死1萬(wàn)人
截圖來(lái)自Science Alert網(wǎng)站
The tsetse fly transmits a disease called sleeping sickness, a parasitic infection that at first can lead to headaches, fever, joint pain, and itchiness, but later can lead to some serious neurological problems. The number of deaths has been decreasing.
采采蠅會(huì)傳播一種名為昏睡癥的疾病，這種寄生蟲感染病一開(kāi)始會(huì)引發(fā)頭痛、發(fā)燒、關(guān)節(jié)痛和瘙癢，但過(guò)后會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的神經(jīng)問(wèn)題。因這種病而喪生的人數(shù)近年來(lái)有所下降。
With about 10,000 new cases now reported each year, the estimated number of annual deaths is likely on the decline as well.
現(xiàn)在每年報(bào)告的采采蠅致死事件約為1萬(wàn)例，這一數(shù)字可能也在下降。
6. Assassin bugs: 12,000 deaths a year
獵蝽：每年殺死1.2萬(wàn)人
截圖來(lái)自ThoughtCo網(wǎng)站
The assassin bug, also called the kissing bug, is responsible for carrying Chagas disease, which kills about 12,000 people a year on average.
獵蝽攜帶查加斯病毒，平均每年導(dǎo)致1.2萬(wàn)人喪生。獵蝽又名“吻獵蝽”。
Chagas disease is a parasitic infection passed by the bug, which got its nickname by biting people on the face.
查加斯病是獵蝽傳播的一種寄生蟲感染病，獵蝽因愛(ài)叮咬人臉而得到“吻獵蝽”的綽號(hào)。
5. Freshwater snails: 20,000+ deaths a year
淡水蝸牛/淡水螺：每年殺死2萬(wàn)人以上
截圖來(lái)自Science Alert網(wǎng)站
The freshwater snail carries parasitic worms that infect people with a disease called schistosomiasis that can cause intense abdominal pain and blood in the stool or urine, depending on the area that's affected.
淡水蝸牛攜帶的寄生蟲會(huì)讓人們?nèi)旧涎x病。這種病會(huì)導(dǎo)致劇烈腹痛、便血或尿血，具體癥狀取決于感染的部位。
Millions of people contract the infection, and the WHO estimates that anywhere between 20,000 and 200,000 deaths can be attributed to schistosomiasis.
數(shù)百萬(wàn)人感染了這種病，世界衛(wèi)生組織估計(jì)每年有2萬(wàn)到20萬(wàn)人因血吸蟲病而喪生。
4. Dogs: 35,000 deaths a year
狗：每年殺死3.5萬(wàn)人
截圖來(lái)自Science Alert網(wǎng)站
Dogs - specifically dogs infected by the rabies virus - are one of the deadliest animals out there, though the virus can be prevented using vaccines.
狗——尤其是感染狂犬病毒的狗——是世界上最致命的動(dòng)物之一，不過(guò)狂犬病可以通過(guò)注射疫苗來(lái)預(yù)防。
About 35,000 deaths can be attributed to rabies, and of those cases, 99 percent are caused by dogs, according to WHO.
根據(jù)世衛(wèi)組織的數(shù)據(jù)，每年約有3.5萬(wàn)人死于狂犬病，這些人當(dāng)中有99%是因?yàn)楸还芬l(fā)病。
3. Snakes: 100,000 deaths a year
蛇：每年殺死10萬(wàn)人
截圖來(lái)自Science Alert網(wǎng)站
Snake bites kill more than 100,000 people a year as of 2024. Worse still, there's a troubling shortage of an essential antivenom.
截至2024年的數(shù)據(jù)，蛇每年咬死10萬(wàn)人以上。更糟的是，救命的抗蛇毒素還非常短缺。
2. Humans: 437,000 deaths a year
人類：每年殺死43.7萬(wàn)人
截圖來(lái)自Science Alert網(wǎng)站
According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, there were about 437,000 homicides in 2024, making humans the second most deadly animal (and the deadliest mammal) to humans.
根據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)毒品與犯罪辦公室的數(shù)據(jù)，2024年發(fā)生了大約43.7萬(wàn)起殺人案，這讓人類成為對(duì)人類而言第二致命的動(dòng)物（也是最致命的哺乳動(dòng)物）。
We are not quite our own worst enemy - but we're pretty close.
我們不是自己最大的敵人，但是也差不多了。
1. Mosquitoes: 750,000 deaths a year
蚊子：每年殺死75萬(wàn)人
截圖來(lái)自Science Alert網(wǎng)站
Mosquitoes - the pesky bugs that suck blood and transmit viruses from person to person - are responsible for the most animal-related deaths.
蚊子——這種吸血又在人與人之間傳播病毒的討厭昆蟲——是導(dǎo)致最多人死亡的動(dòng)物。
Malaria by itself is responsible for more than half of mosquito-related deaths, predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa, though it's on the decline: The incidence of malaria fell by 37 percent between 2000 and 2024, according to the World Health Organisation.
超半數(shù)死于蚊蟲叮咬的人都患上了瘧疾，其中絕大多數(shù)是在撒哈拉以南的非洲，不過(guò)死亡人數(shù)正在下降：根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織的數(shù)據(jù)，2000年到2024年間，死于瘧疾的人數(shù)下降了37%。
Dengue fever, another mosquito-borne disease, has become a leading cause of hospitalisation and death among children in some Asian and Latin-American countries.
另一種蚊媒疾病——登革熱已經(jīng)成為一些亞洲和拉美國(guó)家兒童就醫(yī)和死亡的首要原因。
你大概以為，讓最多人喪生的動(dòng)物一定是個(gè)猛獸，但事實(shí)上，世界上最致命的動(dòng)物不是鯊魚，也不是虎豹。最可怕的動(dòng)物，其實(shí)就在我們身邊。
15. Sharks: 6 deaths a year
鯊魚：每年殺死6個(gè)人
截圖來(lái)自Science Alert網(wǎng)站
Shark attacks are pretty rare. In 2024, there were just three deaths globally related to shark attacks, and in 2024, there were six, which is about the average.
鯊魚襲擊人類是很罕見(jiàn)的。2024年，全球只有三例因鯊魚襲擊而死亡的案例，2024年有6例，和平均水平大致相當(dāng)。
14. Wolves: 10 deaths a year
狼：每年殺死10個(gè)人
截圖來(lái)自Science Alert網(wǎng)站
Wolf attacks are not common in many parts of the world where wolves live.
在世界上許多狼群居住的地方，被狼襲擊并不多見(jiàn)。
A review of wolf attacks found that very few happened in the 50 years leading up to 2002 in Europe and North America, though there were a few hundred reported over the course of two decades in some regions of India, averaging out to close to 10 per year.
一份針對(duì)狼群襲擊的報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，在2002年前的50年間，歐洲和北美洲很少發(fā)生狼襲擊人的事件，不過(guò)近20年來(lái)，在印度一些地區(qū)發(fā)生過(guò)幾百起人被狼襲擊的事件，平均下來(lái)大概每年10起。
13. Lions: 22+ deaths a year
獅子：每年殺死至少22個(gè)人
截圖來(lái)自Science Alert網(wǎng)站
Estimates for lion-related deaths also vary year-to-year. A 2005 study found that since 1990, lions have killed 563 people in Tanzania alone, an average of about 22 a year.
命喪獅口的人數(shù)每年都不一樣。2005年的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，自1990年以來(lái)，光是在坦桑尼亞，就有563個(gè)人被獅子殺死，平均每年22人。
Additional deaths likely occur outside of Tanzania, but it's difficult to find a concrete global number.
在坦桑尼亞以外的其他地區(qū)，應(yīng)該也有被獅子殺死的人，但難以得出一個(gè)具體的全球數(shù)據(jù)。
12. Elephants: 500 deaths a year
大象：每年殺死500個(gè)人
截圖來(lái)自Science Alert網(wǎng)站
Elephants are also responsible for a number of deaths per year - a 2005 National Geographic article said that 500 people a year are killed in elephant attacks.
大象每年也會(huì)導(dǎo)致不少人喪生。2005年刊登在《國(guó)家地理》的一篇文章寫道，每年有500人死于大象襲擊。
Far more elephants have been killed by people.
但是被人殺死的大象比這要多得多。
11. Hippopotamuses: 500 deaths a year
河馬：每年殺死500個(gè)人
截圖來(lái)自Science Alert網(wǎng)站
For a long time, hippos were considered the most deadly animal in Africa. Hippos are known for being aggressive toward humans, including tipping over boats.
長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以來(lái)，河馬一直被認(rèn)為是非洲最致命的動(dòng)物。眾所周知，河馬對(duì)人有攻擊性，還會(huì)把人類乘坐的船打翻。
10. Tapeworms: 700 deaths a year
絳蟲：每年殺死700個(gè)人
截圖來(lái)自Science Alert網(wǎng)站
Moving to parasites, the tapeworm is responsible for an infection called cysticerosis that kills an estimated 700 people a year.
作為寄生蟲，絳蟲會(huì)讓人們感染上腦囊蟲病，據(jù)估算每年導(dǎo)致約700人喪生。
9. Crocodiles: 1,000 deaths a year
鱷魚：每年殺死1000個(gè)人
截圖來(lái)自Science Alert網(wǎng)站
Crocodiles are now considered the large animal responsible for the most human deaths in Africa, according to the Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations, though concrete numbers are tricky to gather.
據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)糧食及農(nóng)業(yè)組織，鱷魚現(xiàn)在是在非洲導(dǎo)致最多人死亡的大型動(dòng)物，不過(guò)具體數(shù)據(jù)難以收集到。
8. Ascaris roundworms: 4,500 deaths a year
蛔蟲：每年殺死4500個(gè)人
截圖來(lái)自Science Alert網(wǎng)站
The Ascaris roundworm leads to an infection called aschariasis that kills an estimated 4,500 people a year, according to a 2024 study.
根據(jù)2024年的一項(xiàng)研究，蛔蟲會(huì)讓人感染蛔蟲病，每年導(dǎo)致約4500人喪生。
The WHO notes that the infection takes place in people's small intestine, and it's a disease that affects more children than adults.
世界衛(wèi)生組織指出，感染發(fā)生在人的小腸部位，這種病多發(fā)于兒童。
7. Tsetse flies: 10,000 deaths a year
采采蠅：每年殺死1萬(wàn)人
截圖來(lái)自Science Alert網(wǎng)站
The tsetse fly transmits a disease called sleeping sickness, a parasitic infection that at first can lead to headaches, fever, joint pain, and itchiness, but later can lead to some serious neurological problems. The number of deaths has been decreasing.
采采蠅會(huì)傳播一種名為昏睡癥的疾病，這種寄生蟲感染病一開(kāi)始會(huì)引發(fā)頭痛、發(fā)燒、關(guān)節(jié)痛和瘙癢，但過(guò)后會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的神經(jīng)問(wèn)題。因這種病而喪生的人數(shù)近年來(lái)有所下降。
With about 10,000 new cases now reported each year, the estimated number of annual deaths is likely on the decline as well.
現(xiàn)在每年報(bào)告的采采蠅致死事件約為1萬(wàn)例，這一數(shù)字可能也在下降。
6. Assassin bugs: 12,000 deaths a year
獵蝽：每年殺死1.2萬(wàn)人
截圖來(lái)自ThoughtCo網(wǎng)站
The assassin bug, also called the kissing bug, is responsible for carrying Chagas disease, which kills about 12,000 people a year on average.
獵蝽攜帶查加斯病毒，平均每年導(dǎo)致1.2萬(wàn)人喪生。獵蝽又名“吻獵蝽”。
Chagas disease is a parasitic infection passed by the bug, which got its nickname by biting people on the face.
查加斯病是獵蝽傳播的一種寄生蟲感染病，獵蝽因愛(ài)叮咬人臉而得到“吻獵蝽”的綽號(hào)。
5. Freshwater snails: 20,000+ deaths a year
淡水蝸牛/淡水螺：每年殺死2萬(wàn)人以上
截圖來(lái)自Science Alert網(wǎng)站
The freshwater snail carries parasitic worms that infect people with a disease called schistosomiasis that can cause intense abdominal pain and blood in the stool or urine, depending on the area that's affected.
淡水蝸牛攜帶的寄生蟲會(huì)讓人們?nèi)旧涎x病。這種病會(huì)導(dǎo)致劇烈腹痛、便血或尿血，具體癥狀取決于感染的部位。
Millions of people contract the infection, and the WHO estimates that anywhere between 20,000 and 200,000 deaths can be attributed to schistosomiasis.
數(shù)百萬(wàn)人感染了這種病，世界衛(wèi)生組織估計(jì)每年有2萬(wàn)到20萬(wàn)人因血吸蟲病而喪生。
4. Dogs: 35,000 deaths a year
狗：每年殺死3.5萬(wàn)人
截圖來(lái)自Science Alert網(wǎng)站
Dogs - specifically dogs infected by the rabies virus - are one of the deadliest animals out there, though the virus can be prevented using vaccines.
狗——尤其是感染狂犬病毒的狗——是世界上最致命的動(dòng)物之一，不過(guò)狂犬病可以通過(guò)注射疫苗來(lái)預(yù)防。
About 35,000 deaths can be attributed to rabies, and of those cases, 99 percent are caused by dogs, according to WHO.
根據(jù)世衛(wèi)組織的數(shù)據(jù)，每年約有3.5萬(wàn)人死于狂犬病，這些人當(dāng)中有99%是因?yàn)楸还芬l(fā)病。
3. Snakes: 100,000 deaths a year
蛇：每年殺死10萬(wàn)人
截圖來(lái)自Science Alert網(wǎng)站
Snake bites kill more than 100,000 people a year as of 2024. Worse still, there's a troubling shortage of an essential antivenom.
截至2024年的數(shù)據(jù)，蛇每年咬死10萬(wàn)人以上。更糟的是，救命的抗蛇毒素還非常短缺。
2. Humans: 437,000 deaths a year
人類：每年殺死43.7萬(wàn)人
截圖來(lái)自Science Alert網(wǎng)站
According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, there were about 437,000 homicides in 2024, making humans the second most deadly animal (and the deadliest mammal) to humans.
根據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)毒品與犯罪辦公室的數(shù)據(jù)，2024年發(fā)生了大約43.7萬(wàn)起殺人案，這讓人類成為對(duì)人類而言第二致命的動(dòng)物（也是最致命的哺乳動(dòng)物）。
We are not quite our own worst enemy - but we're pretty close.
我們不是自己最大的敵人，但是也差不多了。
1. Mosquitoes: 750,000 deaths a year
蚊子：每年殺死75萬(wàn)人
截圖來(lái)自Science Alert網(wǎng)站
Mosquitoes - the pesky bugs that suck blood and transmit viruses from person to person - are responsible for the most animal-related deaths.
蚊子——這種吸血又在人與人之間傳播病毒的討厭昆蟲——是導(dǎo)致最多人死亡的動(dòng)物。
Malaria by itself is responsible for more than half of mosquito-related deaths, predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa, though it's on the decline: The incidence of malaria fell by 37 percent between 2000 and 2024, according to the World Health Organisation.
超半數(shù)死于蚊蟲叮咬的人都患上了瘧疾，其中絕大多數(shù)是在撒哈拉以南的非洲，不過(guò)死亡人數(shù)正在下降：根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織的數(shù)據(jù)，2000年到2024年間，死于瘧疾的人數(shù)下降了37%。
Dengue fever, another mosquito-borne disease, has become a leading cause of hospitalisation and death among children in some Asian and Latin-American countries.
另一種蚊媒疾病——登革熱已經(jīng)成為一些亞洲和拉美國(guó)家兒童就醫(yī)和死亡的首要原因。
