一定要知道英語語法
1. 形容詞的位置：
代名形容詞+數量形容詞+性狀形容詞+名詞
再細分如下：
1放在冠詞前的形容詞(all， both， such)+2冠詞、指示形容詞、所有形容詞、不定形容詞(the， a， an， this， that， your， some， any)+3序數(first， second)+4基數(one， two)+5性質、狀態(kind， fine， good)+6大小、長短、形狀(large， small， big)+7新舊、溫度(old， new， hot)+8顏色(red， blue)+9國籍(Chinese， English， Japanese)+10材料(iron， brick， stone)+11名詞、動名詞(boy， house)
2. some和any的用法：
(1)兩者修飾可數單數名詞，表某一個;任何一個; 修飾可數復數名詞和不可數名詞，表一些;有些。
〔2)一般的用法：some用于肯定句;any用于疑問句，否定句或條件句。
I am looking for some matches.
Do you have any matches? I do not have any matches.
〔3)特殊的用法：
(A) 在期望對方肯定的回答時，問句也用some.
Will you lend me some money? (=Please lend me some money.)
(B) any表任何或任何一個時，也可用于肯定句。
Come any day you like.
(4)some和any后沒有名詞時，當做代名詞， 此外兩者也可做副詞。
Some of them are my students.〔代名詞)
Is your mother any better?(副詞)
3. many和much的用法：
〔1)many修飾復數可數名詞，表許多; much修飾不可數名詞，表量或程度。
He has many friends， but few true ones.
There hasnt been much good weather recently.
(2)many a：
many a和many同義，但語氣比較強，并且要與單數名詞及單數形動詞連用。
Many a prisoner has been set free. (=Many prisoners have been set free.)
〔3〕as many和so many均等于the same number of. 前有as， like時， 只用so many.
These are not all the books I have. These are as many more upstairs.
They worked like so many ants.
(4)as much等于the same amount of， 表同量和同一事情。
He bought two pounds of sugar and as much tea. 〔同量)
I was not in the least surprised， for I had fully expected as much. 〔同一事情)
(5)many和much之后不接名詞時，作為代名詞;另外much也可用副詞。
Many of them were very tired.
I dont eat much for lunch. 〔代名詞)
He is much taller than I. (副詞〕
4. (a) few和(a) little的用法：
(1) (a) few用在復數可數名詞之前，(a) little用在不可數名詞之前。
He took a few biscuits. (=several)
He took few biscuits(=not many)
He took a little butter. (=some)
He took little butter. (=not much)
(2) few可由bardly any或almost no所取代，含否定的意味。
The composition is well written; it has few (=hardly any) mistakes.
Few (=Almost no) men can solve it.
(3) a few相當于some， several， 含肯定的意味。
He has a few (=some or several) friends.
(4) a little和little之間的差別，就和a few和few的差別一樣，只是(a) little須修飾不可數名詞，表量或程度。
He grows worse; there is little hope of his recovery.
He is not much better， but there is a little hope.
5. 其他的數量形容詞：
(1) plenty of， a lot of， lots of均表許多，修飾復數可數名詞或不可數名詞。
The room contained plenty of (or a lot of or lots of) students.(復數名詞)
The room contained plenty of (or a lot of or lots of) furniture.(不可數名詞)
(2) a great (or a good) deal of， a large (or a small) quantity of， a large (or a small) amount of， 均表(量)， 修飾不可數名詞。
The room contained a great deal of furniture. (不可數名詞)
The room contained a good deal of furniture. (不可數名詞)
The room contained a large quantity of furniture. (不可數名詞)
The room contained a large amount of furniture. (不可數名詞)
The room contained a small quantity of furniture. (不可數名詞)
The room contained a small amount of furniture. (不可數名詞)
(3) a number of 許多;一些a great (large， good) number of 許多，修飾復數可數名詞，并且要與復數動詞連用。
A number of books are missing from the library.
The number of books from the library is large.
(the number of +復數名詞單數動詞)
The room contained a great (or large or good) number of students.(復數可數名詞)
(4) enough的用法：
(A) 可接復數可數名詞和不可數名詞。
There are enough chairs. (可數)
There is enough furniture. (不可數)
(B) 可放在年修飾名詞的前后。
We dont have enough time. =We dont have time enough.
(5) hundreds of， dozens of， thousands of， scores of +復數可數名詞
冠詞或數詞(one， two) + (hundred， dozen， thousand， score) 復數可數名詞
(6) the rest of 其余的， 可接復數可數名詞及不可數名詞，作主詞時，接可數名詞則用復數動詞，接不可數名詞則用單數動詞。
The rest of the students are absent. (復數可數名詞)
The rest of the water was thrown away. 不可數名詞)
注：the rest作代名詞， 等于 the others， 和復數動詞連用。
6. 不可名詞量的表示語：
(1) 不可數名詞可加表單位的形容片語，表示數的觀念。其公式為：
數詞+單位詞+of+不可數名詞
(2) 各類表單位的形容詞片語。
(A) 物質名詞：
a piece (suit) of armour;
a piece (slice) of cake;
a piece (an article) of furniture;
a piece of jewelry;
a piece (sheet) of paper;
a cake of soap;
a piece (slice) of bacon;
a piece (stick) of chalk;
a bit (blade) of grass;
a piece (strip) of land;
a bit (grain) of rice;
a bowl of soup;
(B) 抽象名詞
a word of abuse;
an item (a bit) of business;
an attack of fever;
a bit (an amount) of interest;
a fit of passion;
a piece (word) of advice;
a piece of evidence;
a piece (an item) of information;
a piece (an item) of news;
(C) 自然現象：
a flash of lightening;
a bolt of thunder;
7. 名詞種類的表示語：kind of， sort of， type of，
(1) 三者都可接可數名詞及不可數名詞，其后的冠詞a (an)常被省略。
What kind of (a) pencil did you buy?
I dont like that sort of game.
(2) kind of， sort of， type of之前可加a， the， some， any， etc.
I had a kind of suspicion that he was cheating.
(3) 比較下列用法：(加*表非正式用法)
I dont like this (*those) kind of person.
I dont like many (or these) kinds of roses.
I like this kind of flower.
I like flowers of this kind.
I like *these kind of flowers.
I like this kind of roses.
I like roses of this kind. (置名詞后更強調種類)
I like roses of these kinds.(置名詞后更強調種類)
8. 數詞：
(1) 基數(Cardinal numerals)：one， two， three
(A) 除one接單數名詞外，其余均接復數名詞。
He has one sister and three brothers.
(B) hundred的后面須加and(但可以省略)。
12，345 = twelve thousand three hundred (and) forty five;
(2) 序數(Ordinal mumerals)：first， second， third
(A) 序數前面必須附以定冠詞。而a second， a third等，則是another的意思。
(B) 日期多用序數。
Its on Friday， the fifth of October (= October the fifth = October 15th)。
(C) 序數的簡體。
9th = the ninth; 12th = the twelfth; 16th = the sixteenth;
(3) 分數：
(A) 分數的表示法：第一，分子用基數，分母用序數。第二，分子大于2時，分母須加s以形成復數。
1/2 = a (one) half; 1/3 = a (one) third; 2/3 = two-thirds; 1/4 = a (one) quarter;
(B) 分數可接與不可數名詞;所接的名詞是單數，則與單數動詞連用，是復數則與復數動詞連用。
A third of the peach was bad.
A third of the bananas were bad.
(4) 倍數詞：常用的有half， double， treble(三倍)等。
(A) half a， a half， half the +名詞，表(一半的)。
He ran a half mile in half an hour.
He ran half a mile in half an hour.
I have read half the book.
(B) half還可作名詞，代名詞及副詞。
Two halves make a whole. (名詞)
This is half as much again as that. (副詞)
(C) 倍數常用的表達法：
(half; double; treble; twice; two times; three times; four times) +定冠詞或所有形容詞+名詞或所有代名詞
I had to pay double (= twice) the usual fare.
That window is three times the size of this.
9. 數詞+名詞結合而成的形容詞：
(1) 數詞+名詞=形容詞
a five-dollar bill;
two three-hour periods;
the Three-power Conference(三強會議);
(2) 數詞+名詞+形容詞=形容詞
a six-year-old boy;
a three-hundred-year-old tree;
注：上述的復合字是以hyphen(-)連結，而且其中的名詞要用單數形式。
(3) 名詞(無冠詞)+基數=the +序數+名詞
World War Ⅱ= World War Two or the Second World War;
Vol. Ⅰ= Volume One or the First Volume;
Page 4 = page four or the fourth page;
Lesson 6 = lesson Six or the Sixth Lesson;
Chap. Ⅲ = Chapter Three or the Third Chapter;
Charles Ⅰ= Charles the First;
cf. Napoleon the Great = the Great Napoleon;
(這幾種用法，非專有名詞，可不用大寫，但等號兩邊須一致。〕
(4) 數詞+復數名詞作主詞，雖為復數形，但強調單一性，則用單數動詞。若強調一個一個的個別數，則用復數動詞。
Thirty minutes is sufficient for a good sermon.
Fifty dollars a month is a large sum in our eyes， but is nothing to him.
cf. Ten years have passed since I saw you last.
10. 各種數字的讀法：
(1) 年號的讀法：
1979nineteen seventy-nine or nineteen hundred (and) seventy-nine;
(2) 電話號碼;貨幣的讀法：
1023one o two three; 1227one double two (or two two) seven; $4.25four dollars (and) twenty-five (cents);
(3) 小數點的讀法：
13.91thirteen decimal (point) nine one; 0.23 = nought demical two three;
(4) 算術式的讀法：
2+3=5 Two plus three is (equals， is equal to) five.
5-3=2 Five minus three is equal to two.
32=6 Three times two is six. or Three by two are six.
93=3 Nine divided by three makes three.
形容詞(二〕：
1. 限定用法：形容詞緊靠著〔代)名詞，直接修飾該〔代)名詞。
(1) 前位修飾：
(A) 字尾為en或表比較的形容詞，大多只能作限定用法，放在名詞的前面。
a wooden leg; earthen ware; his elder sister; the upper room， etc.
(B) 下列這些形容詞只有限定用法，沒有敘述用法。
upper; former; latter; outer; inner; utmost; mere; only; utter; main; certain; very; live; spare;
(C) 形容詞前有so; no; too; how等字時，不定冠詞應放在形容詞之后。
He could not do it in so short a time.
He is no less remarkable a man than his elder brother (is)。
(2) 后位修飾：
(A) 名詞之后的數詞+名詞+old; long; high; wide; deep; etc.
a man eighty-five years old; a river two hundred miles long;
(B) 為加強語氣或音調美，而將限定形容詞放在后面。
He had a face thin and worn， but eager and resolute.
(C) something; anything; everyone; anybody + 形容詞。
Ill tell you something very important.
Thats nothing new.
(D) 由形容詞子句省略主詞和動詞而不的過去(或現在)分詞或形容詞片語。
I have answered all the letters (which were) received (by me)。
Alfred was a king anxious for his peoples welfare.
2. 敘述用法：形容詞作補語，間接地修飾〔代)名詞。
He was awake all the night. 〔主詞補語)
The noise kept me awake. 〔受詞補語)
注：可作限定用法和敘述用法的形容詞。
I have many trustworthy friends. 和 All of my friends are trustworthy.
It was a hot and sultry day. 和 The weather became hot and sultry.
3. 作補語的形容詞：
(1) be+形容詞+介系詞：由此結合而成的片語，有些等于及物動詞。
I am fond of skiing. = I like skiing.
He is afraid of it. = He fears it.
注：其他如：be capable of; be concerned with; be (un)familiar with (to); be late for; be subject to; be worthy of; etc.
(2) 某些已轉化為形容詞的過去分詞，其后通常接at; about; with; in; of等介詞。
John is interested in English grammar.
He was surprised at her behaviour.
(3) be+形容詞+介系詞：可接〔代)名詞，動名詞，或名詞子句，但名詞子句若是that子句須省略介詞，因that子句不可直接作介詞的受詞。
She was not aware of the facts.
She was not aware (of) how much her husband earned.
She was not aware that there is danger.
(4) It+ be +形容詞+that子句
It is true that she never came.
此類形容詞有：certain; likely; obvious; plain; possible; true; etc.
(A) that子句中的假設法。
It is appropriate that he (should) get the post. (should可省略〕
(B) 人稱形容詞亦可接其他連接詞引導的子句。
