Unit 21 Human Biology

　　Ⅰ.閱讀理解

　　A

　　Dear Sir

　　I was surprised to read your recent editorial on the question of students' parttime jobs. You appear to be making lots of general comments on the basis of just one unfortunate case (I assure you that not all young people who deliver newspapers are as foolish and dishonest as the two youths mentioned in your article, and one singlecase is not strong enough in supporting a point as evidence. I think you wouldn't disagree with me at this point)．

　　The first point I would like to make is that there are many jobs teenagers can do which give them useful experience of the working world. They are brought into contact with a variety of people, often older, and are given experience of expressing themselves clearly and logically. Every young man will eventually be involved in social net work, and we can't expect them to act as a mature adult once they step out of school. I am thinking here of jobs such as travel guides and shop assistants. Parttime jobs are actually a kind of guiding that young people need before they play their role in real career.

　　Another argument for school children and college students having holiday or weekend jobs is that many parents need the financial assistance. If we take, for example, a family in which the father is unemployed or perhaps a singleparent family on a low income, it seems logical and fair that a son or daughter should try to bring money into the household. And I think it's also an education to young people what family responsibility is and what one should do in terms of showing their care and love.

　　One further thing I want to say is that a lot of jobs for the young can be fun for the people who do them and also useful to the community. Youngsters who help in schools, hospitals and with the elderly often gain a great deal of pleasure and satisfaction as well as contributing something valuable to local society. And the experience will make young people feel their value in our society so that they will be more eager to learn and more willing to offer their help.

　　In conclusion, I would add that when I was a girl, my father said my teens were a time for books, hobbies and academic studies. Thinking back, I feel I would have learnt much more—about myself, other people and life in general—if he had allowed me to do a limited amount of real work. Certainly, when she is old enough, I shall encourage my own daughter to do so, rather than waste her time with soap operas, computer games and discos, like so many young people today. I don't mean having fun is a waste of time. I just want to point out that fun and parttime jobs could be balanced.

　　Yours faithfully，

　　Margaret Williams

　　文章大意：本文是寫(xiě)給報(bào)社編輯的一封信。在信中，作者表達(dá)了對(duì)該社最近發(fā)表的關(guān)于“青少年不應(yīng)該做兼職工作(打零工)”這篇文章的反對(duì)，并給出了自己的理由和見(jiàn)解。

　　1．Which of the following is true according to the letter?

　　A．Parttime jobs help teenagers develop social skills.

　　B．All young people doing parttime jobs are intelligent and honest.

　　C．Children in singleparent families should not do part time jobs.

　　D．The writer did parttime jobs when she was at school.

　　答案：A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容可知，A項(xiàng)“打零工能夠幫助孩子培養(yǎng)社會(huì)技能”表述正確。B項(xiàng)在文中沒(méi)有涉及；根據(jù)第三段第二句可知，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)最后一段第二句可知，D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故答案選A。

　　2．What does the writer think many of the young people are doing now?

　　A．Taking some parttime jobs to help their family.

　　B．Doing their academic learning heart and soul.

　　C．Wasting time with soap operas and computer games or discos.

　　D．Doing community services by helping the old or the sick in hospitals.

　　答案：C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第三句中的“waste her time with soap operas, computer games and discos, like so many young people today”可知，作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在很多孩子都將時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在看肥皂劇、玩游戲或去迪廳等娛樂(lè)上面了。故答案選C。

　　3．What can we learn from the letter?

　　A．The writer of the letter is doing some parttime jobs.

　　B．An article against teenagers' doing parttime jobs was published.

　　C．Teenagers of the time are not doing the right thing.

　　D．The writer of the letter is a teenager from a singleparent family.

　　答案：B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知，社論中就兩個(gè)年輕人在送報(bào)紙的兼職工作中的不誠(chéng)實(shí)行為做了很多評(píng)論，不贊成年輕人做兼職工作，故可推斷出報(bào)社刊登的文章應(yīng)是一篇“反對(duì)青少年做兼職工作”的文章。故答案選B。

　　B

　　(2024·河北省唐山市統(tǒng)一考試)Hybrid cars (混合動(dòng)力車(chē)) are cars that run on petrol and electricity. They have a small standard petrol engine and a battery

　　electric motor to provide electric power.

　　There are some differences between different models of hybrid cars, but the general principle is that the car runs on petrol, and the electric motor kicks in when additional power is required, for example, when going uphill or accelerating. In some hybrid cars the petrol engine turns itself off when not needed, for example when the car has stopped at traffic lights, keeping only the electric engine running.

　　Conventional cars have large engines to deal with driving uphill and accelerating. Hybrid cars have much smaller petrol engines, improved by electric motors when needed, so they use less petrol. Another way that fuel consumption is cut is by a system of “regenerative (再生的) braking”. The electric motor is used to slow down the car, rather than conventional brakes. The energy produced by slowing the car is changed into electrical power, which is automatically stored in the battery. In effect, the battery recharges when you brake. In conventional cars the energy produced when braking is wasted.

　　In 1928, Ferdinand Porsche built an experimental hybrid car. The first mass-produced hybrid car, the Toyota Prius, came out in Japan at the end of 1997. However, hybrid cars became available in the USA only in 1999. As they use less fuel, hybrid cars are cheaper to run. There are also many voices in place to encourage people to buy them. In some countries, hybrid car owners pay a lower rate of tax, and don't have to pay on certain roads. In some cities, hybrid cars are allowed to park for free.

　　1.Hybrid cars consume less energy than conventional cars because hybrid cars

　　have ________.

　　A.large engines to deal with accelerating

　　B.conventional brakes to slow down the car

　　C.no energy consumption when stopping

　　D.electric power to assist when needed

　　2.In regenerative braking, ________.

　　A.the conventional brakes are used to slow down the car

　　B.energy wasted in conventional cars is stored in the battery

　　C.the battery charges itself when the car is accelerating

　　D.the petrol engine is usually turned off automatically

　　3.From the last paragraph we can learn that hybrid cars ________.

　　A.will gain more popularity

　　B.were first available in the USA

　　C.free their owners from tax

　　D.are free to park anywhere in the city

　　4.The main purpose of this text is to ________.

　　A.show how hybrid cars slow down

　　B.encourage people to buy hybrid cars

　　C.inform people of a kind of energy-saving car

　　D.explain why hybrid cars use less energy

　　1．解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題根據(jù)第三段第二句“Hybrid cars have much smaller ... use less petrol.”可知混合動(dòng)力車(chē)必要時(shí)有電力支持所以消耗較少的能源解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題根據(jù)第三段可知混合動(dòng)力車(chē)用電動(dòng)馬達(dá)減速而不是用傳統(tǒng)的剎車(chē)電動(dòng)馬達(dá)降低車(chē)速時(shí)產(chǎn)生的電能會(huì)被自動(dòng)儲(chǔ)存在電池里而傳統(tǒng)汽車(chē)?yán)速M(fèi)了剎車(chē)時(shí)產(chǎn)生的能量由此可知B項(xiàng)表述正確解析：選A　推理判斷題根據(jù)最后一段中的“As they use less fuel, hybrid cars ... for free.”可推知使用混合動(dòng)力車(chē)有很多好處所以混合動(dòng)力車(chē)會(huì)很受歡迎解析：選C　寫(xiě)作意圖題本文主要介紹了一種節(jié)約能源的車(chē)——混合動(dòng)力車(chē)故應(yīng)選擇CC

　　When was the last time you did something really fun with one of your parents—just the two of you?

　　Parents who take their young children to music，swimming and art classes often stop arranging such activities once their kids are older and in school all day.But it doesn’t have to be that way.Doing something enjoyable with your kids just might make you look at each other in a whole new way，especially if you do it through a class or an event.When parent and child become students together，it puts them on the same level，at least for a while.

　　“I really like parents to come to class with their kids—they start sharing things and talking about what they’re doing and what they like，” said art teacher Pyper Dixon.

　　However，finding something new in common is a big

　　choice for them，especially when kids get involved in sports and other after-school activities.But it’s possible to learn a new skill or hobby together.

　　That’s certainly true of Lauren,11，from Silver Spring，who is in Dixon’s class with her father，Dennis.“I was just going to drop her off，” Dennis said，“but Dixon persuaded me to stay.”

　　Now Lauren gets to nag her father about doing his art homework.“He always leaves it to the last minute，” she said.“But then he’ll turn around to do amazing drawings，”

　　she added.“We have different styles of drawing，so it’s interesting

　　to talk it over with him.”

　　Without the Saturday morning art class，Dennis said，he

　　would be reading the paper，and Lauren would be on her own in her room or on the computer.But they talk more now.“I can’t think of an experience where you communicate with your kid so closely，” he said.

　　1．The author raises the question at the beginning to________.

　　A．expect an answer

　　B．criticize some parents

　　C．introduce the topicD．support his argument

　　2．What does Dixon think is the benefit of parent and child studying art together?

　　A．They will become equal.

　　B．They will communicate more.

　　C．The child will learn art much better.

　　D．The parent will learn something new.

　　3．The underlined word “nag” in the text probably means________.

　　A．urgeB．help

　　C．ignore D．teach

　　4．We can learn from the text that________.

　　A．Lauren used to talk a lot with her father

　　B．Dennis enjoys studying art with Lauren

　　C．Lauren dislikes her father’s drawings

　　D．Dennis likes playing computer games

　　閱讀理解

　　語(yǔ)篇解讀　父母應(yīng)與孩子一起參與有意義的活動(dòng)，通過(guò)和孩子一起學(xué)習(xí)、運(yùn)動(dòng)等，可以增加與孩子交流的機(jī)會(huì)，從而增進(jìn)感情。

　　1．解析：　篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。作者在第一段提出問(wèn)題后，緊接著在第二段提出自己的觀點(diǎn)，因此第一段提出問(wèn)題是為了引出要討論的話(huà)題，故選C。

　　答案：　C

　　2．解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Pyper Dixon所說(shuō)的“they start sharing things and talking about what they’re doing and what they like”可知，Dixon認(rèn)為父母同孩子一起上美術(shù)課的好處是可以增進(jìn)交流。

　　答案：　B

　　3．解析：　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞后面的“He always leaves it to the last minute”可知，Lauren的父親總是拖著不做作業(yè)，此處表示Lauren敦促父親完成作業(yè)。

　　答案：　A

　　4．解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后兩句話(huà)可知，Dennis喜歡與Lauren一起上美術(shù)課。

　　答案：　B

　　Ⅱ.任務(wù)型閱讀

　　Get Help When You Need It

　　Sometimes even though you're paying attention in class, certain classes seem too hard. Although you may hope that things will get easier, most of the time this doesn't happen. It happens to many people that they work harder and harder as they fall further and further behind.

　　1.________ If you need extra help, the most important thing to know is that there's nothing embarrassing about it.

　　No one is expected to understand everything.

　　2.________ He or she may be able to work with you before or after school and explain things more clearly. If you're in a big enough school, there may be other teachers who teach the same subject. 3.________

　　Sometimes it just helps to have someone new explain something in a different way.

　　You might also be able to get some help from another student. If there's someone you like who's a good student, think about asking that person. This might help because you'll be hearing the information from the view of one of your students. 4.________ Lots of people understand something perfectly without being able to explain it.

　　5.________Tutors sometimes come to your home, but there are also tutoring centers across the country. Tutors work with you one on one, helping review and further explain things taught in the classroom. The advantage of having a tutor is that it gives you the opportunity to ask questions directly and work at your own pace.

　　A.However, they don't lose heart.

　　B.Naturally, this makes them hate a class.

　　C.Another choice for extra help is a tutor.

　　D.These students are all good at explaining.

　　E.The first place to turn to for help is your teacher.

　　F.Speak to the other teachers directly and you may be in luck.

　　G.However, keep in mind that this might not get you the results you need.

　　Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空

　　W：Jack, how have your two sons been doing at school recently?

　　J：Don't ask! Mark never starts studying, and Jason never stops

　　1.________ (study).

　　W：You're joking! I hear that Jason is likely 2.________ be at the top of his class after exam this year.

　　J：Yes，so his teachers say.He's been

　　3.________

　　(work) very hard at his books every evening for months on end recently.He is hoping

　　4.________ (enter) Harvard University.

　　W：Great.Maybe he'll become a university professor 5.________ (he) in the future.

　　J：Maybe.But sometimes I wish he'd go out and enjoy himself

　　6.________ a change.

　　W：Yes ... What about the younger one?

　　J：Well，Mark's teachers say he has ability，but he 7.________ (rare)

　　does his best.He does his homework in ten minutes every day and then 8.________

　　(rush) out to play football.

　　W：Perhaps he can make his fortune at football. People can make plenty

　　9.________

　　money from sports now.

　　J：My wife always worries about their future.

　　W：Perhaps you can have a talk with him now to find out 10.________ he is thinking about his studies and future plans.

　　J：Good idea.I'll take your advice.

　　Ⅳ.書(shū)面表達(dá)

　　(2024·內(nèi)蒙古包頭市學(xué)業(yè)水平測(cè)試與評(píng)估)假設(shè)你是某中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)報(bào)的小記者。右面圖畫(huà)內(nèi)容是你的所見(jiàn)所聞，請(qǐng)根據(jù)要求寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)短文并發(fā)表在該英語(yǔ)報(bào)上。

　　要求：1.描述圖畫(huà)內(nèi)容；

　　2.分析圖畫(huà)所揭示的問(wèn)題；

　　3.提出你的看法。

　　注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；

　　2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

　　3.開(kāi)頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

　　Last Sunday morning, I went to the community square for a walk.